南海西沙海槽盆地新生界含油气系统及油气勘探方向

为了从整体上认识西沙海槽盆地的油气勘探前景,笔者对该盆地进行了含油气系统分析,认为西沙海槽盆地发育新生界含油气系统,主要烃源岩为始新统湖相泥岩、渐新统海相泥岩;储层为始新统湖相、三角洲、河道砂岩以及渐新统滨浅海相、海相三角洲、深水扇等砂岩;始新统湖相泥岩、渐新统滨浅海相泥岩以及中新世之后的半深海-深海相泥岩构成了三大套区域盖层。西沙海槽盆地新生界含油气系统形成的关键时刻为中中新世,各种油气成藏地质事件具有良好的匹配关系;该油气系统可分为4个油气运聚单元,中央坳陷以及紧邻中央坳陷的北部断阶带、南部坳陷西部局部区域是该盆地进一步勘探的首选区域。本研究成果对认识西沙海槽盆地的油气分布具有一定的参考意义。     

琼东南盆地华光凹陷构造特征及沉积充填

南海北部大陆边缘发育多个新生代含油气盆地。近年来,在南海北部珠江口盆地南部深水区陆续发现大中型气藏,证实了该区油气地质条件优越。琼东南盆地南部深水区与珠江口盆地深水区具有相似的构造沉积演化史,油气地质条件相似,具有形成大中型油气藏的地质条件,因此十分有必要开展该区的构造特征及沉积充填研究。基于近年来新采集的高精度地震资料,对华光凹陷构造特征进行详细分析,认为区内发育4种伸展构造样式,分别是地堑、半地堑、多米诺式半地堑和地垒;经历两个构造演化阶段,形成"下断上拗"的双层结构特征,相应发育两个期次的正断层。下构造层古近系受裂陷作用控制,断层发育,地层分布受断裂控制明显,上构造层新近系-第四系构造活动微弱,断层不发育,地层变形小且沉积厚度趋于稳定。华光凹陷古近系为河湖相-海陆过渡相沉积,其中下渐新统崖城组煤系地层是琼东南盆地勘探证实的主要烃源岩层系,上渐新统陵水组是主要储层发育时期,新近系-第四系为浅海-半深海-深海相沉积,其中中新统储层发育,上中新统及以上海相泥岩是良好的盖层。因此,华光凹陷具有良好的生储盖组合。     

印度尼西亚库泰盆地下中新统混积序列特征研究

库泰盆地是印尼最大、最深的新生代裂谷盆地,也是印尼油气最富集的盆地之一.长期以来,对库泰盆地的勘探主要针对中-上中新统三角洲相沉积体系,对库泰盆地沉积地层的认识也主要集中于中中新统及以上地层,对下中新统及更深层系鲜有勘探认识.通过最新的钻探成果和野外地质考察,认为下中新统以滨海相沉积为主,自下而上形成了海相暗色泥岩-进...     

印尼苏拉威西地区波尼盆地形成及其石油地质特征

波尼盆地是一个新生代裂谷盆地,勘探程度极低,其含油气系统及主要勘探层系不明。采用类比分析方法,通过对周边构造演化和沉积特征相似盆地的烃源岩、储层特征及含油气系统分析,进一步推测波尼盆地发育始新统潮坪-潟湖相烃源岩,品质较好,为Ⅱ—Ⅲ型干酪根,普遍处于成熟—高成熟阶段,以生油为主。该盆地共发育3套潜在储盖组合,最主要为中、上中新统—上新统Tacipi组生物礁储层及上新统区域性海相泥岩储盖组合,油气勘探前景较好。     

南海南部主要含油气盆地沉积体系初步分析

本文初步分析了南海南部若干含油气盐地中受古湄公河、古巽他河、古巴兰河等大型古水系所影响的控制的碎屑岩沉积体积，同时对万安盆地、曾母盆地、西北巴拉望盆地和礼乐滩分地中与油气赋存有关的海相碳酸盐岩沉积体系也做了简略分析     

始新统油气系统:泰国湾东北部油气勘探新层系

泰国湾区域经历了前裂谷期、裂谷期、裂后期的构造演化阶段,形成了多个裂谷盆地。泰国湾区域东北部在渐新世经历了一次明显构造反转,较泰国湾区域大部分地区强烈。通过对比区内钻井,结合地震解释,对该区的沉积特征和构造演化进行了分析,认为这次反转构造导致了反转构造带上构造、沉积特征与邻区有较大的不同。由于这次反转构造,泰国湾东北部在新层系发育新类型的油气系统,即深部的始新统油气系统:烃源岩为中始新统湖相泥岩,储层为上始新统-渐新统三角洲相砂岩,盖层为下中新统三角洲前缘相泥岩和上中新统以上的海相泥岩。该油气成藏系统已被钻井钻遇油气显示,是本区有效油气成藏系统。     

西非纳米贝盆地构造-沉积演化与油气勘探潜力

西非纳米贝(Namibe)盆地是世界上极少数没有油气勘探的地区,以收集到的西非纳米贝盆地区域基础地质和相邻含油气盆地资料为依据,运用石油地质综合分析方法研究分析认为,纳米贝盆地构造-沉积演化经历了前裂谷阶段(P-J2)、裂谷阶段(J3-K1巴雷姆期)、过渡阶段(K1阿普特期)和被动陆缘期(K1阿普特晚期-现今)4大阶段;盆地发育3套潜在烃源岩,其中早白垩世巴雷姆期湖相页岩最重要;发育裂谷晚期、漂移早期和漂移晚期3套储集层;过渡单元层序早白垩世阿普特期厚层页岩为区域性盖层,晚白垩世-新生代漂移层序存在多套局部盖层;发育构造-地层圈闭与地层圈闭,断层与不整合面为主要油气运移疏导体系,存在下白垩统成藏组合和上白垩统-渐新统与中新统成藏组合2类潜在成藏组合,揭示出油气勘探前景广阔。     

印度尼西亚西纳土纳盆地油气地质特征与分布规律

西纳土纳盆地是发育在东南亚巽他克拉通内的裂谷盆地,也是印度尼西亚重要的含油气盆地。运用盆地分析及石油地质学的理论与方法,对盆地构造—沉积演化及主力烃源岩、储集层及盖层等成藏要素进行综合研究,系统总结油气成藏特征及分布规律,并通过对比分析指出构造演化与沉积充填差异是造成盆地内烃源岩演化、储集层发育、油气成藏特征差异的主控因素。研究表明,油气可采储量区域上集中在Anambas地堑和Penyu次盆东北部,主要油气田(藏)类型包括挤压背斜、披覆构造和地层—构造型;层系上,油气主要储集于上渐新统和下中新统。盆地内远景地层圈闭以上始新统—下渐新统Belut组冲积扇相砂砾岩和上渐新统—下中新统Gabus—下Arang组河流下切谷砂岩为有利储层,勘探程度低,资源潜力较大。     

北康盆地古地热场与油气远景

采用现今盆地地壳厚度作为约束务件,应用Mckenzie模式与构造沉降曲线拟合计算古地幔热流值,并考虑地壳和沉积层放射性衰变所释放的热流,研究盆地古地温场及其演化史,然后据此研究烃源岩的热成熟度史,结合盆地油气地质条件,评价油气资源潜力。结果表明,中始新世末盆地基底热流为45～66mW／m^2,随后盆地基底热流略有上升,至早渐新世末为51～66mW／m^2,现今盆地基底热流为51～61mW／m^2,并且坳陷的基底热流比隆起的基底热流高。所计算的现今表面热流与实测的表面热流一致。中始新统烃源岩在早中新世末处于成熟阶段,现今处于高成熟一过成熟阶段;上始新统一下渐新统烃源岩在晚中新世末处于成熟阶段,现今处于高成熟阶段;上渐新统一下中新统烃源岩现今处于成熟阶段,局部达到生烃高峰。油气资源评价认为北康盆地具有良好的油气资源潜力。     

南海曾母盆地南部陆架边缘三角洲沉积特征

曾母盆地作为发育于古巽他陆架上的盆地,南部的古巽他河所携带的巨量沉积物和曾母盆地的陆架特征使得陆架边缘三角洲在曾母盆地南部发育成为必然。通过对曾母盆地中中新世以来陆架边缘三角洲的地震、钻井及进积特征分析,认为曾母盆地内陆架边缘三角洲的沉积形态呈分别向陆和向海减薄的楔形体,古巽他河携带多期次的沉积物向陆坡沉积过程中形成多套沉积复合体,这些沉积体由于具有良好的生储条件,因而具有重要的油气勘探价值。     

Trends in the variation of the sea level in the lagoons of the Southeastern Baltic

This paper analyses the global tendency of the sea level rise (SLR) and its long term influence on the sea level upstream drainage cascade based on the example of the level’s variation in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea compared to the other lagoons and coastal regions of the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea. A steady positive trend in the water level variations was revealed; its magnitude varies significantly depending on the time period. In general, during the 100–150 year period, the rate of the SLR in the lagoons and coastal areas of the Baltic Sea (1.7–1.8 mm per year) is close to the SLR rate in the World Ocean. In the second half of the 20th century, the increased rate of the SLR in the lagoons and marine areas became stronger (up to 3.6 mm per year in the Vistula Lagoon and in 1959–2006 in the sea and exceeded the rate of global ocean SLR). It dramatically increased at the end of the last century both in the lagoons and in the sea (up to 10.0–15.0 mm per year). This is the response not only to the global climate warming but it is likely that it is also a response to the changes of the climate driving forces that influence the regimes of the local wind and precipitation in the catchment.     

Distribution of Pacific-origin water in the region of the Chukchi Plateau in the Arctic Ocean in the summer of 2003

1Introduction Besidestheprecipitationandriverdischarges,the watersinthePacificOceanandtheAtlanticOceanare thesourcesoftheArcticOceanwater.TheAtlantic waterenterstheArcticOceanviatheFramStraitand theBarentsSea.Foritsdenserfeatureduetohigh salinity,mostofitsinkstothenorthofSvaldbardand circulatesinallthedeepbasinsintheArcticOcean, formingthedeepandbottomwatersoftheArcticO- cean(Aagaardetal.,1985;Rudelsetal.,1999).The BeringStraitistheonlychannelforthePacificwater toflowintotheArcticOce…     

Causes of the bottom hypoxia in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland in the baltic sea

The data on the bottom concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland obtained in 1923–1939 and in 1962–1989 were analyzed. No statistically reliable differences were found between the two periods studied. It was found that, during the 20th century, the fluctuations in the oxygen concentration were caused by the interannual variability of the winter severity and water salinity. A strong oxygen deficit in the summer was recorded after cold winters, when early freezing suppressed the vertical mixing, and/or in the years of a significant inflow of salt waters from the Baltic Sea with low oxygen contents. It is likely that the long-term dynamics of the oxygen concentration near the bottom in the open parts of the bay is determined by the large-scale variability of the hydrometeorological parameters.     

Variations in the Kinematics of Deformation in the Vicinity of the Catastrophic Sumatra Earthquake

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The Great Andaman–Sumatra earthquake (GASE) on December 26, 2004, with magnitude Mw of 9.2, occurred in the Indian Ocean near the northwestern...     

Peculiarities in the distribution of hydrocarbons in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea

Data on the contents and compositions of the hydrocarbons (HCs)—aliphatic (AHCs) and polycyclic aromatic (PAHs)—are provided in comparison with the contents of the total organic carbon (C_org), the lipids in the particulates, and the C_org in bottom sediments. Particular attention has been paid to the distribution of the HCs in the water area of the Kravtsov oil field. It has been established that the concentrations of AHCs in the water are governed by the content of particulates, and the elevated AHC concentrations are confined to the coastal areas. In the water area of platform D-6, the sandy bottom sediments were notable for the great variability of the HC concentrations, both laterally and from year to year. In the summer of 2010, the content of AHCs averaged 40 μg/g (19% in the C_org), and that of PAHs, 23 ng/g. Natural seepage from the sediment mass is considered to be a source of HCs along with oil contamination.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Role of the small-size fraction of mesozooplankton in the pelagic community of the northeastern part of the Black Sea in the autumn

The role of the small-size (SF; 0.1–0.5 mm) and large-size (LF; 0.5–20.0 mm) fractions in the biomass and abundance of mesozooplankton (0.1–20.0 mm) was assessed using the database of samples obtained during the cruises of RV Akvanavt in the northeastern Black Sea in November 2000 and October 2006. The mesozooplankton was collected by means of Juday nets (37/50, filtering gauze 160 μm) and Niskin bottles in two areas: (1) the shelf and continental slope (30–1480 m depth) and (2) the deep sea (depths of more than 1500 m). The plankton net was considerably less effective in collecting the SF of the mesozooplankton (by a factor of 30–36) than the Niskin bottles. When comparing the SF and LF, we estimated the abundance and biomass of the SF in the samples obtained with the Niskin bottles. The abundance of the SF in the deep-sea area was 2.5 times lower compared to the shelf and continental slope, and the LF abundance was 5.0 times lower in the same way. The abundance of the SF constituted 88% of the total mesozooplankton on the shelf and continental slope, and 78% in the deep-sea area. The biomass of the SF was higher as well on the shelf and continental slope. Meroplankton played a significant role in the SF zooplankton abundance (0.5 × 10³ + 0.16 ind. m⁻³) in this area. The SF grazing impact was 10% of the total mesozooplankton grazing on the shelf and continental slope, and 17% in the deepsea area. Appendicularia and nauplii of copepods had the greatest contribution to the mesozooplankton grazing among the SF group.     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the regulatory regime in the management of oil pollution in Kenya

This paper presents an evaluation of the effectiveness of the regulatory regime in the management of oil pollution on Kenya's marine and coastal environment. The prospect of chronic oil pollution along the Kenyan coastline and the port of Mombasa is discussed. A review of the vulnerable marine and coastal resources, commonly used indicators of effectiveness in oil pollution management and the legislation governing oil pollution is given. The author concludes by emphasising that despite having the right legislation in place, there is need for the establishment of criteria and indicators necessary for evaluation of policy effectiveness.     

Water mass of the northward throughflow in the Bering Strait in the summer of 2003

1 IntroductionTheBeringStrait, with them aximum depth lessthan 60 m , isthe uniquepassagebetween the ArcticOcean and the North Pacific Ocean, and links twoshelfseas:theBeringSeainthesouthandtheChukchiSea in the north. The background flow field oftheBering…