Phases tectoniques superposées dans les métasédiments Précambriens du domaine côtier occidental de la Cote d'Ivoire

Microstructural analysis of the coastal high-grade metasediments of the South Western Ivory Coast show at least four folding phases. The oldest phase does not seem to affect the lower Birrimian mesometamorphic series and it is concluded that this phase affected a pre-Eburnean crystalline and granitic basement. The name Liberian has been applied in the Ivory Coast to this basement. The Birrimian mesometamorphic rocks record the three youngest folding phases: two of them may correspond to two major north north east to south south west synmetamorphic phases of the Eburnean orogeny. The last phase is clearly post-Eburnean and may be synchronous with the north west south east trending chevron-folds (with crenulated schistosity) and the main north north east strike slip faults of the West African shield in the Ivory Coast.     

Tektites: A post-Apollo view

Prior to the receipt of the lunar samples, it was the scientific consensus that tektites were melted and splashed material formed during large cometary or meteorite impact events. Whether the impact took place on the Earth or the Moon was the topic of a long-standing scientific debate, which raged with particular intensity during the decade previous to the lunar landings.Four definite and separate tektite-strewn fields are known: bediasites (North America, 34 m.y.); moldavites (Czechoslovakia, 14 m.y.); Ivory Coast (1.3 m.y.); and Southeast Asian and Australian fields (0.7 m.y.). A fifth possible occurrence, of high-Na australites, possibly 3–4 m.y. old, remains to be substantiated. The age of infall of the australites is not agreed upon. Radiometric and fission track dates agree with the magnetic stratigraphy for deep-sea core microtektite occurrences at about 0.7 m.y. Terrestrial stratigraphic evidence favours a recent (30,000 years) date.The chemistry of tektites appears to reflect that of the parent material, and losses during fusion appear to be restricted to elements and compounds more volatile than cesium. Terrestrial impact glasses provide small-scale analogues of tektite-forming events, and indicate that only the most volatile components are lost during fusion.The Apollo lunar missions provide critical evidence which refutes the hypothesis of lunar origin of tektites. Tektite chemistry is totally distinct from that observed in lunar maria basalts. These possess Cr contents which are two orders of magnitude higher than tektites, distinctive REE patterns with large Eu depletions, high Fe and low SiO₂ contents, low K/U ratios and many other diagnostic features, none of which are observed in the chemistry of tektites. The lunar uplands compositions, as shown by Apollo 14, 15 and 16 samples and the μ-ray and XRF orbiter data, are high-Al, low-SiO₂ compositions totally dissimilar to those of tektites. The composition of lunar rock 12013 shows typical lunar features and is distinct from that of tektites. The small amounts of lunar K-rich granitic material found in the soils have K/Mg and K/Na ratios 10–50 times those of tektites.The ages of the lunar maria (3.2–3.8 aeons) and uplands (> 4.0 aeons) are an order of magnitude older than the parent material of the Southeast Asian and Australian tektites, which yield Rb-Sr isochrons indicating ages of the order of 100–300 m.y. The lunar lead isotopic compositions are highly radiogenic whereas tektites have terrestrial Pb isotopic ratios. Lunar δ¹⁸ O values are low (< 7 per mil) compared with values of +9.6 to +11.5 per mil for tektites. In summary, a lunar impact origin for tektites is not compatible with the chemistry, age or isotopic composition of the lunar samples. A lunar volcanic origin, recently revived by O'Keefe (1970) encounters most of the same problems. Recent lunar volcanism (< 50 m.y.), if the source of tektites, should contribute tektite glass to the upper layers of the regolith. None has been found. The presence of meteoritic components in tektites, and the high pressure phase coesite, are more readily interpreted as evidence of impact.The element abundances and inter-element variations in tektites do not resemble those in terrestrial igneous rocks, but show a close similarity to terrestrial sandstones. The composition of the Southeast Asian tektites, australites and moldavites resembles that of micaceous sandstones or subgreywackes, the Ivory Coast tektite composition is similar to that of greywacke, and the bediasite chemistry is analogous to that of arkose.No suitable terrestrial impact site has been identified for the bediasites, Southeast Asian tektites and australites. It is suggested that a search for the source of these latter strewnfields be made using satellite photographs to look for wide shallow craters produced by super-Tunguska type events on areas of Mesozoic sandstones. The moldavites were possibly formed during the Ries Crater event but, if so, the precise source of the material remains to be identified. The Ivory Coast tektites are linked by chemistry, isotope and age evidence to the Bosumtwi Crater, Ghana. The overall evidence now supports the origin of tektites by cometary (or meteorite) impact on terrestrial sedimentary rocks.     

Chemical analyses of Bosumtwi crater target rocks compared with the Ivory Coast tektites

The Bosumtwi crater, Ghana, was excavated in phyllites and greywackes with subordinate microgranite dykes and quartz veins of the 2000 Ma old Lower Birimian System with a granodiorite intrusion at Pepiakese on its northeastern side. New major and trace element analyses are presented for 7 phyllites, 5 greywackes, 2 microgranites, 3 Pepiakese intrusion rocks and 1 suevite using XRF and INNA.Means and standard deviations were calculated using all available modern analyses for each element in the Bosumtwi target rocks, Bosumtwi suevite glasses and Ivory Coast tektites. Good agreements between the means were found for the three groups with the suevite glasses and tektites having more limited compositional ranges than the target rocks. Least squares mixing between target rock types shows that the best fits to the tektite and suevite glass compositions require components of about a third or a quarter from the Pepiakese intrusion and some extra silica, derived from quartz veins, as well as the metasediments.The new data provide evidence for vapour phase fractionation of P₂O₅ and Na₂O in the tektites in addition to the previously reported Pb and Rb. Evidence for a meteoritic component in the tektites was found to be equivocal since the target rocks are probably a sufficient source of the meteorite indicator elements Ni and Ir.     

The Adam Talha epizonal sequence (North Mauritania) and a general scheme for the Eburnean orogenic belt of West Africa

The newly discovered Adam Talha epizonal sequence extends to the west the epizonal sequences defined by Sougy (1960) in the Reguibat Dorsale. In the Algerian part of the Reguibat Dorsale, Sabate and Lameyre (1973) have shown the existence of two Eburnean orogenic cycles. These two cycles: the Yetti cycle (older than 2,000 m.y.) and the Eglab cycle (near 2,000 m.y.) have been observed in the Mauritanian part of the Reguibat Dorsale. In the Ivory Coast, the two structural stages defined by Tagini (1971) seem to be the equivalents of the Yetti and Eglab cycles. However, some differences exist in the chemical compositions of the volcanic rocks (spilitic in the Ivory Coast, acid in the Reguibat Dorsale) and in the absence of volcanic emissions in the upper stage of the Ivory Coast. In Mali, according to Reichelt (1972), the Gourma Basin formations (Hombori and Ydouban groups) belong to the pan-African and not to the Eburnean orogeny. The greater part of West Africa seems to have been affected by the two cycles of the Eburnean orogeny.     

辽西义县四合屯义县组中部湖相沉积岩地球化学及物源特征

辽西北票上园镇四合屯地区义县组沉积层是热河生物群珍稀化石的重要产出层位之一, 其中蕴含丰富的地壳演化和古地理环境演化信息.分析了四合屯剖面上12m厚的含鸟化石沉积岩层的50件样品的微量元素组成和其中10件样品的主量元素组成.结合前人已发表数据, 得出以下认识: (1) 该套沉积岩具有与下伏火山岩类似的地球化学特征: Mg#值较高, 大离子亲石元素含量较高.稀土元素的分异程度较高, 在微量元素分布蛛网图中表现为明显的Nb负异常和Pb正异常等.因此我们认为义县组高镁火山岩构成了该沉积岩的主要源区之一; (2) 样品的Eu/Eu*=0.48~1.81, 其中大部分样品具负Eu异常.正的Eu异常(7件样品) 主要由于含有长石造成; (3) 通过微量元素Th-Co-Zr/10沉积构造环境判别图解对区域构造环境进行分析, 结果表明该沉积岩物源区具有大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘物源特征.      

Rare earth element patterns and crustal evolution—II. Archean sedimentary rocks from Kalgoorlie,Australia

REE data, with major element and other trace element data are reported for a suite of Archean sedimentary rocks (2800 million years old) from Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The REE patterns fall into two groups with ?LREE/?HREE ratios of 6 and 15, respectively. The first group have either no Eu anomaly relative to chondrites, or a positive Eu anomaly, in contrast to the pronounced Eu depletion (Eu/Eu ~ 0.67) shown by younger (Post-Archean) sedimentary rocks.The problem of positive Eu enrichment relative to chondritic patterns, is examined by analysing a suite of Devonian greywackes, derived from calc-alkaline volcanic rocks. Some of these samples also show positive Eu anomalies, attributable to local accumulation of feldspar. This explanation is preferred to models involving an early anorthositic crust. The group of samples showing heavy REE depletion patterns (complementary to those observed in garnet) appear to be derived from adjacent Na-rich granites which display identical REE patterns. Locally abundant K-rich granites do not appear to have made any contribution to the Archean sedimentary rocks.The majority of the sedimentary rocks have REE patterns indistinguishable from those of recent island arc calc-alkaline rocks, and so could constitute evidence that the Archean crust was principally formed by processes analogous to present day island-arc type volcanism. However, similar REE patterns may be produced by an appropriate mixture of the common bimodal tholeiitic-felsic igneous suite commonly observed in Archean terrains. The REE data presented here do not distinguish between these two models.     

华北克拉通碎屑沉积岩地球化学:异常太古宙—元古宙界线的初步研究

分析了华北克拉通新太古代—三叠纪 16个碎屑沉积岩组合样品。与Taylor和McLennan等提出的太古宙—元古宙界线前后沉积岩及上地壳化学组成变化不同 ,新太古代五台群沉积岩具明显负Eu异常 ,相容元素含量很低 ,不相容元素含量较高 ,与典型后太古宙沉积物组成类似。而古元古代沉积岩比五台群显示出异常高的Eu/Eu 值 ,w(Sc) /w(Th) ,w(Cr) /w (Th)比值。青白口纪、寒武纪、石炭纪和二叠纪沉积岩显示正常的后太古宙沉积岩特征。三叠纪沉积岩的Eu/Eu 值 ,w (Sc) /w (Th) ,w(Cr) /w(Th)比值再次显著升高 ,推测与华北和扬子克拉通最终的陆陆碰撞作用有关。因此 ,太古宙—元古宙界线并不一致对应于上地壳演化程度迅速增高。大陆上地壳并非总是向着分异程度提高的方向演化 ,而是部分时期可出现演化程度降低的异常现象。     

Lanthanides and highly mobile elements in sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks as indicators of the tectonic activity in the platform basement: An example of the Voronezh Crystalline Massif

The Eu/Eu*, Eu/Sm, and Ce/La ratios can serve as indicators of zones permeable to ascending fluid fluxes that mark time spans when the kinematics of faults in the basement changed (extension and compression phases). The Eu/Eu* ratio is more informative, the variations in the Eu/Sm ratio are correlated with transgressions in the territory of the anteclise, and the variations in the Ce/La ratio could be caused by both metasomatic processes and low-temperature hydrothermal solutions. In the Voronezh anteclise, whose sedimentary cover is relatively thin and provides no evidence of catagenetic processes, high As concentrations and Eu/Eu* ratios of sedimentary rocks can be utilized as indicators of deep zones of fluid generation centres. Comparable average Eu/Eu*, Eu/Sm, and Ce/La ratios in Proterozoic sedimentary rocks in the platform cover and metasediments of Proterozoic banded iron formations (BIF) confirm that the tectonic environments in which sedimentary units of various age were accumulated were similar.     

Excess europium content in precambrian sedimentary rocks and continental evolution

We propose that the europium excess in Precambrian sedimentary rocks, relative to those of younger age is derived from volcanic rocks of ancient island arcs, which were the source materials for the sediments. Precambrian sedimentary rocks and present-day volcanic rocks of island arcs have similar REE patterns, total REE abundances and excess Eu, relative to the North American shale composite. The present upper crustal REE pattern, as exemplified by that of sediments, is depleted in Eu, relative to chondrites. This depletion is considered to be a consequence of development of a grandioritic upper crust by partial melting in the lower crust, which selectively retains europium.     

华北克拉通后太古宙碎屑沉积岩地球化学研究——三叠纪的成分变化及其意义

通过３０个组合样品的分析,研究了华北克拉通古元古代到第三纪的碎屑沉积岩地球化学变化．结果表明,华北克拉通后太古宙沉积岩组成并不均一．元古宙沉积岩组成变化范围较大,元古宙以后的沉积岩Ｅｕ／Ｅｕ,ｗ（Ｃｒ）／ｗ（Ｔｈ）,ｗ（Ｓｃ）／ｗ（Ｔｈ）和ｗ（Ｓｍ）／ｗ（Ｎｄ）等元素质量分数比值较低,具有后太古宙沉积岩的典型特征．三叠纪泥质岩的上述元素比值明显增大,相容元素质量分数很高,表明其源区有较多镁铁质组分加入．作者将这一变化归因于三叠纪华北克拉通和扬子克拉通发生的陆－陆碰撞作用．碰撞过程中秦岭－大别造山带深部地壳的镁铁—超镁铁岩大量出露,随后被剥蚀、搬运至华北克拉通的沉积盆地内．     

Rare earth element geochemistry of Archean metasedimentary rocks from Kambalda,Western Australia

Archean sedimentary rocks of very limited lateral extent from horizons within basaltic and ultramafic volcanic sequences at Kambalda, Western Australia, are extremely variable in major elements, LIL and ferromagnesian trace element compositions. The REE patterns are uniform and do not have negative Eu anomalies. Two samples have very low total REE abundances and positive Eu anomalies attributed to a very much greater proportion of chemically deposited siliceous material. Apart from these two samples, the Kambalda data are similar to REE abundances and patterns from Archean sedimentary rocks from Kalgoorlie, Western Australia and to average Archean sedimentary rock REE patterns. These show a fundamental distinction from post-Archean sedimentary rock REE patterns which have higher $\text{La}\text{Yb}$ ratios and a distinct negative Eu anomaly.     

Rare earths in Precambrian sediments

Thirty-six samples of well-preserved Precambrian sedimentary rocks have been analyzed for rare-earth elements (REE) as one test of the proposition that the present relative REE abundances at the Earth's surface have developed gradually with time. Except for Eu, the average relative abundances of the REE appear to be the same for the Precambrian sediments as in a composite of Paleozoic shales (taken as representative of younger sedimentary rocks). Abundances of Eu relative to the other REE in all except two of the Precambrian sedimente are significantly higher than in the younger sediments. The extent of enrichment of the Precambrian sediments in Eu over the composite of younger sediments ranges from 0.7 to 3.0. The average abundance of Eu relative to the other REE for all the Precambrian sedimente is the same as that in chondritic meteorites. Several of the oldest Precambrian sedimente have relative abundances of Eu that exceed that of chondrites. Large-scale separations of Eu from the other REE as a result of igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary processes are considered. Present information does not convincingly support any of the proposed mechanisms.     

川西昌台勉戈组沉积岩系稀土特征

川西昌台地区上三叠统勉戈组中酸性火山岩之上主要为一套灰黑色至黑色沉积岩石组合,包括板岩、页岩和泥岩等。这套岩石组合可分为两类:底部为存在热水活动参与形成的沉积岩,厚度较薄;底部之上为无热水活动参与形成的沉积岩,厚度较大。本文取样上述两类岩石测得的稀土元素特征基本相似,无明显区别:两类样品稀土含量普遍偏高,与球粒陨石标准化的的配分曲线呈右倾型,LREE富集,基本无Ce正/负异常,具有明显的Eu负异常。有热水活动参与的沉积岩样品与太平洋SER地区现代海底典型热水沉积物的稀土元素特征明显不一致;与该区域内呷村矿区的典型热水沉积岩重晶石和硅质岩的稀土元素特征也不一致。但与秦岭志留系部分热水沉积岩样品和湘黔寒武系牛蹄塘组底部碳质伊利石页岩样品的稀土特征一致,呈现正常碎屑岩的稀土元素特征。综合分析认为,川西勉戈组碎屑页岩出现Eu负异常特征的主要原因是所测样品中的热液组分含量较少甚至无。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷南一段物源-沉积体系与构造背景

海拉尔盆地乌南凹陷南一段时期断裂和火山作用强烈, 导致岩石碎屑组成具有多样性。碎屑成分有火山碎屑、变质岩碎屑和其他剥蚀碎屑。碎屑多样性使本区岩性及其分区具有鲜明的特色。岩性丰度、矿物组合、阴极发光及其重矿物组合研究显示, 区内存在4个单岩性区和2个混合区。单岩性区是变质岩碎屑岩区、火山碎屑沉积岩区、熔结火山碎屑岩区和火山碎屑岩区。根据岩石中各碎屑组成的体积分数可将混合区分为正常沉积碎屑占优势的混合区和火山碎屑占优势的混合区。各单岩性区与构造单元相符合, 变质岩碎屑岩区对应乌西断阶带, 火山碎屑沉积岩区和熔结火山碎屑岩区对应巴彦塔拉构造带, 火山碎屑岩区为乌东弧形构造带的一部分。地球化学数据显示本区源岩岩浆属于壳源花岗质岩浆, 同时受到明显的幔源岩浆影响, 重稀土较富集。乌西断阶带具有高的稀土总量和不明显的Eu负异常, 变质源岩岩浆壳幔混染程度高;巴彦塔拉构造带具有低的稀土总量和明显的Eu负异常, 源岩岩浆壳幔混染程度中等;乌东弧形构造带具有高的稀土总量和明显的Eu负异常, 源岩岩浆壳幔混染程度低。Dickinson图解显示, 乌东弧形构造带源区没有深切割, 而巴彦塔拉构造带源区经过了深切割。德尔布干断裂的正滑移导致嵯岗构造片麻岩发育和嵯岗隆起相对隆升, 为乌西断阶带提供变质碎屑沉积物, 形成扇三角洲沉积体系;同时断裂又为幔源岩浆的上升提供了通道。巴彦塔拉断裂的伸展走滑使得幔源岩浆上升发生壳幔混染并发生火山喷发, 在巴彦塔拉构造带发育熔结火山碎屑岩-火山碎屑沉积岩, 塑造了火山碎屑扇三角洲沉积体系。巴彦山隆起区壳幔混染程度低, 但幔源岩浆的底垫作用导致壳源岩浆的强结晶分异作用、火山活动和地表隆升, 在乌东弧形构造带发育火山碎屑岩, 塑造了火山碎屑三角洲沉积体系。     

泰国东北部猜也奔府Noen Sa-nga地区Yasothon土壤剖面中的澳大拉西亚玻陨石

A sedimentary profile exposed in soil quarries a few kilometers north of Noen Sa-nga district, Chaiyaphum province, NE Thailand, reveals a Quaternary geological history. The lower part of the soil profile is a gravel deposit characterized by sub-angular to well-rounded pebbles representing an abandoned river sedimentary deposit. The gravel bed in some places is coated by iron oxide as a thin layer of ferricrete at the uppermost part. The upper part of the soil profile is a bright reddish brown structureless sand deposit with fining upward sedimentary structure at the basal portion, the Yasothon soil series. A piece of tektite was discovered at the contact boundary between the two sedimentary units. It is characterized by an irregular shape with a smooth concaved surface regarding as an external mold of a piece of well-rounded pebble. This piece of tektite indicates that a solidified tektite had fallen from high sky then was remelted into a plastic form prior to reach and partly cover a piece of well-rounded pebble. These evidences suggest that there was a meteoritic or cometary impact on our earth surface somewhere in the region then catapulted numbers of melted silica ejecta with vast volume of dust into the sky. The melted silica ejecta were solidified into splash-form tektites with various shapes while they were in the high sky. After that the tektites had fallen down and remelted into a plastic form prior to reach the ground surface and then solidified as a tektite deposit followed by larger-sized sediments and angular quartz fragments forming a fining upward sedimentary structure. The finer sediments were gradually settled down forming a bright reddish brown structureless sand deposit, the Yasothon soil series. This meteoritic impact event occurred at about 0.77 Ma ago as the evidence of the previous tektite radiometric dating.     

羌塘盆地那底岗日地区布曲组碳酸盐岩烃源岩稀土元素分布特征及意义

对采自羌塘盆地那底岗日地区布曲组碳酸盐岩烃源岩进行了稀土元素地球化学研究,分析结果表明:海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩稀土总量(∑REE)最大值75.21μg/g,最小值20.58μg/g,平均值为36.67μg/g.稀土元素北美页岩标准化后具有相对富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土的特点.布曲组碳酸盐岩烃源岩Ce/Ce*值为0.83～0.9...     

Evolution of a Paleoproterozoic “weak type” orogeny in the West African Craton (Ivory Coast)

The Paleoproterozoic domain of the Ivory Coast lies in the central part of the West African Craton (WAC) and is mainly constituted by TTG, greenstones, supracrustal rocks and leucogranites. A compilation of metamorphic and radiometric data highlights that: i) metamorphic conditions are rather homogeneous through the domain, without important metamorphic jumps, ii) HP-LT assemblages are absent and iii) important volumes of magmas emplaced during the overall Paleoproterozoic orogeny suggesting the occurrence of long-lived rather hot geotherms. Results of the structural analysis, focused on three areas within the Ivory Coast, suggest that the deformation is homogeneous and distributed through the Paleoproterozoic domain. In details, results of this study point out the long-lived character of vertical movements during the Eburnean orogeny with a two folds evolution. The first stage is characterized by the development of “domes and basins” geometries without any boundary tectonic forces and the second stage is marked by coeval diapiric movements and horizontal regional-scale shortening. These features suggest that the crust is affected by vertical movements during the overall orogeny. The Eburnean orogen can then be considered as an example of long-lived Paleoproterozoic “weak type” orogen.     

Geochemistry of Cenozoic microtektites and clinopyroxene-bearing spherules

We have determined the major and trace element compositions of 176 individual microtektites/spherules from the Australasian, Ivory Coast, and North American microtektite and clinopyroxene-bearing (cpx) spherule layers. Trace element contents for up to 30 trace elements were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and major element compositions were determined using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis in combination with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, petrographic data were obtained for the cpx spherules using the SEM and EDX. This is the first trace element study of individual Australasian microtektites, and the data revealed the presence of a previously unrecognized group of Australasian microtektites with high contents of Ni (up to 471 ppm). In previous studies the high-Mg (HMg) Australasian microtektites were thought to be related to the HMg Australasian tektites, but our trace element data suggest that the high-Ni (HNi) Australasian microtektites, rather than the high-Mg microtektites, are related to the high-Mg Australasian tektites. We find that Cenozoic microtektites/spherules from a given layer can be distinguished from microtektites/spherules from other layers as a group, but it is not always possible to determine which layer an individual microtektite/spherule came from based only on trace element compositions. The cpx spherules and most of the microtektites have Cr, Co, and Ni contents that are higher than the average contents of these elements in the upper continental crust, suggesting the presence of a meteoritic component. The highest Cr, Co, and Ni contents are found in the cpx spherules (and low-Si cpx-related microtektites). Unetched to slightly etched cpx spherules have Ni/Cr and Ni/Co ratios that generally lie along mixing curves between the average upper continental crust and chondrites. The best fit appears to be with an LL chondrite. The moderately to heavily etched cpx spherules have values that lie off the mixing curves in a direction that suggests Ni loss, probably as a result of solution of a Ni-rich phase (olivine?). The Ni-rich Australasian microtektites also have Ni values that lie close to mixing curves between the average upper continental crust and chondrites. However, both the cpx spherules and HNi Australasian microtektites appear to have Ir (and to a lesser extent Au) contents that are much too low to have Ni/Ir ratios similar to chondritic values. We have no explanation for the low-Ir and -Au contents except to speculate that they may be the result of a complex fractionation process. The Ivory Coast and North American microtektites do not have high enough siderophile element contents to reach any firm conclusions regarding the presence of, or nature of, a meteoritic component in them. Trace element compositions are consistent with derivation of the Cenozoic microtektite/spherule layers from upper continental crust. The normal Australasian microtektites appear to have been derived from a graywacke or lithic arenite with a range in clay and quartz content. The source rock for the high-Mg Australasian microtektites is not known, but the HMg microtektites do not appear to be normal Australasian microtektites that were simply contaminated by meteorites or ultramafic rocks. The average Ivory Coast microtektite composition can be matched with a mixture of target rocks at the Bosumtwi crater. The average composition of the North American microtektites suggests an arkosic source rock, but with graywacke and quartz-rich end members. However, we could not match the composition of the North American microtektites with lithologies in impact breccias recovered from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure that is believed to be the source crater. Likewise, we could not match the composition of the cpx spherules with mixtures of basement rocks and overlying sedimentary deposits (for which compositional data are available) at the Popigai impact crater that may be the source crater for the cpx spherules. This may be because the cpx spherules were derived, in large part, from clastic surface rocks (sandstones and shales) for which no compositional data are available.     

陕南山阳地区刘岭群砂岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造背景分析

陕南山阳地区中晚泥盆世刘岭群位于秦岭造山带的商丹断裂带与山阳断裂之间。由于所处的特殊位置,刘岭群沉积特点及其盆地形成时期构造背景的确定,可以为秦岭地区古生代以来构造演化提供有价值的信息。岩石地球化学分析表明,刘岭群砂岩主要氧化物特征以SiO₂和K₂O含量较高为特点,具有较高的化学成熟度,反映出其碎屑物质可能来源于相对稳定的大陆源区或更老的沉积岩再旋回的沉积产物。砂岩的稀土元素LREE/HREE比值为3.61,属轻稀土中等富集;Eu/Eu^*值为0.77,属亏损型,与后太古代大陆地壳沉积岩总体演化特点相一致。主量元素氧化物、稀土元素及微量元素的多种图解和多种参数交叉分析,表明刘岭群沉积不具备前陆盆地堆积的特征。根据砂岩岩石地球化学的构造背景判别和物源区判别,结合沉积序列和沉积岩石学等分析,指示中晚泥盆世刘岭群碎屑岩应属于被动大陆边缘盆地沉积。     

云南鲁春晚三叠世硅质岩的地球化学特征及成因

云南鲁春晚三叠世火山沉积盆地是在江达－维西火山弧的基础上，通过拉张作用形成的碰撞后拉张盆地，盆地内广泛发育一套由玄武岩和流纹岩组成的“双峰式”火山岩及与其相伴的硅质岩。硅质岩可分为灰质硅质岩和纹层状硅质岩两类。通过对两类硅质岩所进行的地球化学研究和分析，表明云南鲁春晚三叠世火山沉积盆地中的凝灰质硅质岩属火山沉积成因，在而纹层状硅质岩为海底喷流热液／热泉（热水）沉积成因的热水硅质岩。