一种新的火成岩——埃达克岩的研究综述

埃达克岩 (adakite)是一种中酸性富钠火成岩 (安山岩、英安岩、钠质流纹岩及相应的侵入岩 ) ,其突出的地球化学特征就是 Si O2 ≥ 56% ,Al2 O3≥ 1 5% ,亏损重稀土元素 (HREE)与 Y(如 Yb≤ 1 .9× 1 0 -6,Y≤ 1 8× 1 0 -6) ,高 Sr(大多数 >40 0× 1 0 -6、La/Yb(≥ 1 0 .0 )与 Sr/Y(>2 0 .0～ 40 .0 ) ,一般具有正铕异常 (少数具有极弱负铕异常 )。埃达克岩存在两种成因类型 :一种由俯冲的年轻 (≤2 5～ 30 Ma)大洋板片熔融形成 ( 类埃达克岩 ) ;另一种由增厚地壳环境中的玄武质下地壳熔融形成 ( 类埃达克岩 )。对两类埃达克岩的特征、形成机制、成矿作用、动力学意义以及我国埃达克岩的研究现状进行了评述 ,并指出了埃达克岩研究中所存在的问题。     

冀北郭家屯地区中生代火山岩年代学和地球化学特征研究

单颗粒锆石 U- Pb测年结果表明,冀北郭家屯地区中生代火山活动有两个时代:中-晚侏罗世(约 143～ 164 Ma)和早白垩世 (约 126 Ma).中-晚侏罗世火山岩以流纹岩和粗面质流纹岩为主,夹石英粗面岩,下部有少量安山岩;早白垩世火山岩以粗安岩和粗面岩为主,夹少量玄武质粗安岩和流纹质粗面岩.微量元素数据显示粗面质火山岩、正长斑岩具高 Al2O3(≥ 15% )、 Na2O/K2O > 1、高 Sr(≥ 400 μ g/g)、高 Sr/Y(≥ 20～ 40)和 La/Yb≥ 10;低的 MgO ( < 3% )、 Y(≤ 18 μ g/g)和 Yb(≤ 1.9 μ g/g);Mg#高( 38.47～ 57.78,平均 51.18);Eu异常不明显等特征,与 Adakite岩的地球化学特征有某些相似性.而流纹质火山岩具有 SiO2、 K2O、 Y、 Yb含量相对较高;Al2O3、 Sr、 Ba含量相对较低;轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素平坦、 Eu负异常明显等地球化学特征.两类岩石在时空上密切共生,具有一定的演化关系.地球化学总体特征显示本区火山岩具有弧岩浆作用的特征,如岩石系列高钾钙碱性属性、高场强元素( HFSE)和大离子亲石性元素 (LILE)解偶,微量元素的俯冲带特征(与 Adakite岩相似)等.研究表明本区中-晚侏罗世和早白垩世火山岩总体形成在地壳加厚、岩石圈拆沉、底侵作用发育的构造背景下,地幔脱气形成的 CO2- H2O流体在岩浆形成过程中起了很重要的作用.     

埃达克岩的研究现状及其趋势

达克岩(adakite)是一种中酸性富钠火成岩(安山岩、英安岩、钠质流纹岩及相应的侵入岩),其突出的地球化学特征就是SiO2≥56%,Al2O3≥15%,低重稀土元素(HREE)与Y(如Yb≤1.9×10-6,Y≤18×10-6),高Sr(大多数>400×10-6,La/Yb(≥10.0)与Sr/Y(>20.0～40.0),一般具有正铕异常(少数具有极弱负铕异常).埃达克岩存在两种成因类型:一种由俯冲的年轻(≤25～30Ma)大洋板片熔融形成(O型埃达克岩);另一种由增厚地壳环境中的玄武质下地壳熔融形成(C型埃达克岩).文章从埃达克岩的特征、形成机制、成矿作用、构造背景、动力学意义等几个方面论述了埃达克岩的研究现状,并指出了未来埃达克岩研究的趋势.     

长江中下游贵池矿集区燕山期岩浆作用及其地质意义:年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据

长江中下游贵池地区燕山期侵入岩发育,与成矿关系密切.本文对该区侵入岩开展了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究.结果表明,马头花岗闪长斑岩形成于147±2Ma,而花园巩石英二长岩形成于127±1Ma,比花岗闪长斑岩晚约20Ma.早期的花岗闪长斑岩(147 ～ 145Ma)为高钾钙碱性系列,具有高Al2O3、Sr含量和Sr/Y、La/Yb比值,以及低的Y、Yb含量,与埃达克质岩的地球化学特征一致;而晚期石英二长岩(127Ma)和石英正长岩为钾玄岩系列,具有高的(Na2O+ K2O)、Zr、Nb、Y含量和Y/Nb、Yb/Ta比值,与造山带A2型花岗岩地球化学特征相似;碱长花岗岩(125～124Ma)同样具有A型花岗岩的地球化学特征,但与石英二长岩、石英正长岩相比,碱长花岗岩的Y/Nb、Yb/Ta比值相对较低,具板内环境A1型花岗岩的地球化学特征.因此,贵池地区岩浆岩从早期的埃达克质岩变为晚期的A型花岗岩,反应了晚中生代时期长江中下游地区的构造环境由大陆边缘环境向伸展环境的转变.     

辽西地区中侏罗世海房沟组火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

辽西地区中侏罗世海房沟组火山岩的岩石共生组合为粗安岩粗面岩安山岩英安岩 ,属于高钾钙碱性钙碱性火山岩系 ,全岩Rb_Sr等时线年龄为 177.2± 2 8.0Ma。岩石总体上反映出高Al高Na特点 ,SiO2 ≥ 5 6 .99% ,Al2 O3 ≥ 15 .4 5 % ,Na2 O/K2 O≥ 1.35。稀土元素分馏明显 ,(La/Yb) N≥ 14 .80 ,(Ho/Yb) N≥ 1.15 ,贫Yb、Y(Yb≤ 1.4 2× 10 -6,Y≤ 15 .18× 10 -6) ,基本无Eu负异常 (0 .86～ 1.0 3) ,明显亏损Rb、Nb、Zr、Ti,而Sr、Ba、K及LREE富集 ,Rb/Sr值均小于 0 .1,地球化学特征与埃达克岩十分类似 ,属埃达克质岩。Sr、Pb和Nd同位素资料反映出这套火山岩的源岩较深 ,可能为古老的下地壳中基性变质岩部分熔融产物。研究表明 :海房沟组火山岩形成于板内环境 ,与太平洋板块俯冲没有直接关系 ;辽西地区中生代构造应力场的重大转换、广泛的岩浆活动和大规模断陷盆地群的形成与岩石圈拆沉作用密切相关。海房沟组埃达克质岩的确认对探讨辽西地区火山岩浆起源、壳幔相互作用及大陆动力学背景具有重要意义。     

安徽庐枞盆地中巴家滩岩体的岩石地球化学特征及成因

巴家滩岩体位于长江中下游庐枞中生代火山岩盆地的中心地带,出露面积约4km2.岩性主要为辉石二长岩和含英辉石二长岩,发育黄铁矿化和黄铜矿化.野外及室内证据表明该岩体可分为两期,第一期表现为闪长质岩石包体;第二期主要为旱阶段的辉石二长岩和晚阶段的含石英辉石二长岩.巴家滩岩体随着由早到晚的演化,其SiO2含量、总碱含量(Na2O K2O)和岩石的氧化度不断增高.稀土配分整体呈右倾趋势,轻稀土富集,重稀土分馏不明显.岩石学、稀土和微量元素地球化学特征表明巴家滩岩体成岩物质来源于富含金云母的富集地幔Ⅱ.巴家滩岩体属于橄榄玄粗岩系,形成于伸展构造环境.巴家滩岩体具有高Al2O2、Sr、St/Y、La/Yb,低Y、Yb、Sr正异常,Eu弱负异常,与沙溪岩体的特征相似,早期包体的Cu含量高达0.8402,推断在其深部可能有可能有类似沙溪岩体的矿化岩浆存在.     

大别山超高压变质带燕山期花岗岩地球化学特征及成因探讨

依据花岗岩类的岩性组合、产出状况、结构、侵位机制和地球化学特征等,将大别山超高压变质带中燕山期花岗岩大致可以划分为两大类一类为高钾钙碱性系列,以大同岩体和司空山早、主期岩体为代表,岩性为花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩,表现为SiO2＞56%,Al2O3一般≥14%,MgO＜3%富集LREE,低HREE和Y、Yb(如Y＜18×10-6,Yb＜1.9×10-6),高Sr、Ba,高La/Yb＞39和Sr/Y≥30,Sr、Eu异常不明显,与Adakite岩相似;另一类属正常钙碱性系列,以英山尖岩体为代表,岩性以二长花岗岩为主,具有高硅、低铝的特点,一般SiO2>70%,Al2O3＜14%,LREE略显亏损,HREE略显富集和高Y、Yb(如Y＞18×10-6,Yb＞1.9×10-6),低Sr和La/Yb＜10、Sr/Y＜10,Sr、Eu负异常明显.高钾钙碱性花岗岩可能为增厚的下地壳部分熔融的产物,正常钙碱性花岗岩可能为正常的地壳重熔形成.     

辽西地区早中生代火山岩地球化学特征及成因探讨

辽西地区早中生代火山岩的岩石共生组合为粗安岩-安山岩-英安岩-粗面英安岩,属于高钾钙碱性-钙碱性火山岩系.岩石总体上反映出高Al、高Na特点,SiO2≥56.99%,Al2O3≥15.16%,Na2O/K2O≥1.13.其地球化学的显著特点是稀土元素分馏明显(La/Yb≥14.89,Yb≤1.90×10-6);基本无Eu负异常(0.78～0.97);Y值较低(≤1 7.51×10-6);明显亏损Rb,Th,Nb,P,Zr和Ti,而富集Ba,K,Sr及REE,不同于正常岛弧钙碱性火山岩;火山岩的Rb/Sr≤0.15,Sr/Y≥35.1 6,属于高Sr低Yb、低Y岩石.火山岩地球化学研究表明,早中生代火山岩与埃达克岩十分类似,属埃达克质岩.铅、锶和钕同位素资料反映出火山岩的源岩较深,可能为古老的下地壳中-基性变质岩部分熔融产物.辽西地区早中生代火山岩形成于华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞-超碰撞的陆内挤压环境,与太平洋板块俯冲没有直接关系,而与加厚地壳导致的下地壳拆沉作用密切相关.辽西地区早中生代埃达克质岩的确认对探讨辽西地区火山岩浆起源、壳幔相互作用及大陆动力学背景具有重要意义.     

青藏高原班公湖地区晚白垩世埃达克岩年代学、地球化学及构造意义

青藏高原西部班公湖地区的日松岩体和甲维酸性岩脉位于班公湖蛇绿混杂岩带南侧,岩石类型为英云闪长岩,花岗闪长玢岩和花岗闪长岩,显示中钾钙碱性-高钾钙碱性过渡的特征.元素地球化学组成表明,岩石均具有埃达克岩特征,表现为高的SiO₂(63.05%~70.72%)、高Al₂O₃(≥15%)、低MgO(0.97%~2.33%)＜3%、高Sr含量(380.4×10-6~625.0×10-6)、Sr/Y(＞35)、低HREE、Y(5.64×10-6~13.80×10-6)和Yb(0.46×10-6~1.25×10-6),轻重稀土分异明显(17.09＜(La/Yb)_N＜48.51).日松花岗闪长岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为82.0±1.1 Ma;甲维近东西走向的花岗闪长岩脉和近南北走向的花岗闪长玢岩脉LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为90.7±1.2 Ma和82.9±1.2 Ma.日松和甲维处埃达克岩均富钾贫钠,低Cr、Ni,高Th、Th/La、Th/U、Rb/Sr以及相对低的Sr/Y和高Mg#(43.09~54.35)等特征显示其为玄武质岩浆底侵加厚下地壳部分熔融形成.91~82 Ma的埃达克岩形成于后碰撞初期阶段,为中特提斯洋闭合后板内热隆伸展、壳幔相互作用的产物,可以作为班公湖地区由板块构造体制转向板内构造体制的标志.      

铜陵地区中生代中酸性侵入岩的地球化学特征及其成矿-地球动力学意义

本文对铜陵地区晚侏罗世-早白垩世高钾钙碱性中酸性侵入岩进行了研究,发现该类岩体具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,具体表现为:SiO2≥56％,Al2O3含量高(>15％),Na2O/K2O>1,亏损HREE,(La/Yb)N>12,负Eu异常不明显(Eu*/Eu=0.71-0.96),Sr含量高(>750μg/g),Sr/Y比值高(>38)。但是,由于岩石的K2O含量较高、εNd(t)较低和ISr值较高,又不同于典型的与板块俯冲有关的埃达克岩,而与中国东部中生代的C型埃达克岩比较类似,暗示铜陵地区的高钾钙碱性岩可能是加厚的下地壳底部基性岩部分熔融的产物。本文主要依据铜陵埃达克质岩的HREE特征,将其分为三类:第一类岩体为HREE平坦型,Yb含量较高(>1.8μg/g);第二类为HREE平坦型,Yb<1.8μg/g,(Ho/Yb)N≈1;第三类岩体HREE亏损,Yb<1.8μg/g,(Ho/Yb)N<1.2。上述三类岩石地球化学性质上的差异不太可能是分离结晶作用或地壳混染的 结果,而可能是由于幔源岩浆与下地壳物质混合的程度不同引起源区成分不同形成的。铜陵地区及中国东部埃达克质岩石可能代表了中国东部中生代时的地壳增生和加厚过程。铜陵埃达克岩主要是古老下地壳和底侵玄武岩不同比例混合部分熔融形成的,在岩浆演化过程中可能还不同程度地叠加了分离结晶作用和岩浆混合作用的影响。铜陵埃达克岩具岛弧特征,但并不表明其     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of