新疆西天山高压变质带的变质矿物与变质作用演化

新疆西天山高压变质带主要由石榴石，角闪石，绿辉石，多硅白云母，钠云母，绿帘石，绿泥石，钠长石，石英，榍石和金红石等组成，石榴石主要含铁铝榴石组份，角闪石有蓝闪石，亚铁蓝闪石，青铝闪石，冻蓝闪石等类型，变质矿物组合显示高压变质带经历了由硬柱石蓝片岩相，榴辉岩相，绿帘蓝片岩相至绿片岩相的变质作用演化进程。     

新疆西南天山哈布腾苏河高压-超高压变质带中榴辉岩和蓝片岩的岩石学及变质演化

对西南天山哈布腾苏河一带出露的典型榴辉岩和蓝片岩进行了详细的岩相学、矿物化学和温压条件综合研究。榴辉岩可分为蓝闪石榴辉岩、钠云母榴辉岩、绿帘石榴辉岩和蓝闪石榴角闪岩(退变榴辉岩)4类,蓝片岩可分为含蓝闪石石榴白云母钠长片岩、石榴白云母蓝闪片岩和石榴白云母蓝闪石英片岩3类。新鲜榴辉岩主要矿物组合为石榴石+绿辉石+钠云母+绿帘石,退变榴辉岩则为石榴石+蓝闪石+角闪石;蓝片岩主要矿物组合为石榴石+蓝闪石+多硅白云母+钠云母+钠长石+石英。榴辉岩和蓝片岩中石榴石变斑晶均保存进变质生长环带,从核部到边部XMn和XFe降低,XMg和XCa升高,指示了升温进变质的演化过程。根据榴辉岩矿物共生组合、石榴石内部包体组合分布特征及传统地质温压计估算结果,确定榴辉岩经历了4阶段的变质演化:早期硬柱石蓝片岩相进变质阶段、峰期榴辉岩相变质阶段(t=543～579℃,p=1.5～1.6 GPa)、峰后绿帘蓝片岩相退变质阶段(t=～450℃,p1.0GPa)和晚期蓝闪绿片岩相退变质阶段(t400℃,p0.5 GPa)。利用p-T视剖面图计算的榴辉岩、蓝片岩峰期变质温压条件与传统地质温压计估算结果十分相近,其中榴辉岩的峰期变质条件t=520～550℃,p=1.7～1.9 GPa;蓝片岩峰期变质条件t=520～620℃,p=1.7～2.3 GPa。本文估算的榴辉岩峰期变质压力条件与前人根据柯石英的发现而认为研究区部分榴辉岩及其围岩曾经历超高压变质作用的认识明显相悖,原因可能如下:①后期退变质作用引起研究区榴辉岩全岩成分、矿物化学成分的调整,在采用Grt-Cpx-Phe温压计和以全岩成分为基础的相平衡模拟方法估算峰期温压条件时受到影响,从而使估算峰期压力条件普遍偏低;②西南天山的榴辉岩可能并非全都经历了超高压变质作用,高压、超高压榴辉岩可能分别代表了不同变基性岩块在不同俯冲深度变质的产物。     

北祁连山硬柱石蓝片岩p-T条件相平衡计算及其岩石学意义

北祁连硬柱石蓝片岩主要分布在甘肃省肃南县九个泉一带,是目前中国唯一报道的、确切地含有硬柱石的蓝片岩。文中在详细的岩石学和矿物学研究基础上,根据矿物共生组合的不同,将北祁连低温蓝片岩进一步划分为绿纤石蓝片岩、硬柱石蓝片岩和绿帘石蓝片岩。绿纤石蓝片岩的特征变质矿物组合为蓝闪石(>40%)+绿纤石(30%)+绿泥石(10%)+钠长石(8%)+石英(5%)+硬柱石(<3%)±方解石/文石(<1%)。硬柱石蓝片岩的矿物组合为蓝闪石(35%~40%)+硬柱石(35%~40%)+绿泥石(10%)+钠长石(10%)+石榴石(1%~2%)+黝帘石/斜黝帘石(<2%)+石英(<1%),副矿物有磷灰石和榍石,总含量小于2%。绿帘石蓝片岩的矿物组合为蓝闪石(30%~35%)+黝帘石/斜黝帘石/绿帘石(~30%)+绿泥石(15%)+钠长石(15%)+石榴石(2%)+石英(<2%),副矿物有金红石、磷灰石和磁铁矿,总含量小于2%。利用矿物内部一致性热力学数据和Domino/Theriak软件计算了这三种类型的蓝片岩形成的峰期温压条件,它们分别是绿纤石蓝片岩为320~350℃,0.75~0.85GPa;硬柱石蓝片岩为335~355℃,0.8~0.95GPa;绿帘石蓝片岩为345~375℃;0.75~0.85GPa。北祁连低温蓝片岩带由硬柱石蓝片岩相到绿帘石蓝片岩相的转化代表了俯冲变质过程中的递进变质过程。     

新疆西南天山哈布腾苏河高压-超高压变质带中榴辉岩和蓝片岩的岩石学及变质演化

对西南天山哈布腾苏河一带出露的典型榴辉岩和蓝片岩进行了详细的岩相学、矿物化学和温压条件综合研究。榴辉岩可分为蓝闪石榴辉岩、钠云母榴辉岩、绿帘石榴辉岩和蓝闪石榴角闪岩（退变榴辉岩）4类,蓝片岩可分为含蓝闪石石榴白云母钠长片岩、石榴白云母蓝闪片岩和石榴白云母蓝闪石英片岩3类。新鲜榴辉岩主要矿物组合为石榴石+绿辉石+钠云母+绿帘石,退变榴辉岩则为石榴石+蓝闪石+角闪石;蓝片岩主要矿物组合为石榴石+蓝闪石+多硅白云母+钠云母+钠长石+石英。榴辉岩和蓝片岩中石榴石变斑晶均保存进变质生长环带,从核部到边部X_Mn和X_Fe降低,X_Mg和X_Ca升高,指示了升温进变质的演化过程。根据榴辉岩矿物共生组合、石榴石内部包体组合分布特征及传统地质温压计估算结果,确定榴辉岩经历了4阶段的变质演化：早期硬柱石蓝片岩相进变质阶段、峰期榴辉岩相变质阶段（t=543～579℃,p=1.5～1.6 GPa）、峰后绿帘蓝片岩相退变质阶段（t=～450℃,p<1.0 GPa）和晚期蓝闪绿片岩相退变质阶段（t<400℃,p<0.5 GPa）。利用p-T视剖面图计算的榴辉岩、蓝片岩峰期变质温压条件与传统地质温压计估算结果十分相近,其中榴辉岩的峰期变质条件t=520～550℃,p=1.7～1.9 GPa;蓝片岩峰期变质条件t=520～620℃,p=1.7～2.3 GPa。本文估算的榴辉岩峰期变质压力条件与前人根据柯石英的发现而认为研究区部分榴辉岩及其围岩曾经历超高压变质作用的认识明显相悖,原因可能如下：① 后期退变质作用引起研究区榴辉岩全岩成分、矿物化学成分的调整,在采用Grt-Cpx-Phe温压计和以全岩成分为基础的相平衡模拟方法估算峰期温压条件时受到影响,从而使估算峰期压力条件普遍偏低;② 西南天山的榴辉岩可能并非全都经历了超高压变质作用,高压、超高压榴辉岩可能分别代表了不同变基性岩块在不同俯冲深度变质的产物。     

大别山西段含蓝闪石-蓝晶石榴辉岩的相平衡研究

目前对于大别山西段超高压榴辉岩仍存在一些不清楚的问题和模糊的认识,如蓝闪石和蓝晶石组合的稳定范围,峰期温压条件和矿物组合,以及早期退变质过程的矿物演化和流体作用。本文对取自大别山西段新县高压-超高压榴辉岩单元内不同地点的超高压榴辉岩样品进行了详细的岩石学和矿物学研究,在此基础上使用相平衡定量分析方法的 PT 视剖面图对它们进行了正演模拟计算,结果表明:含蓝闪石和蓝晶石榴辉岩处于相对低温或低压的蓝闪石榴辉岩和相对高温高压的蓝晶石榴辉岩的过渡区,其稳定的温压范围大致为温度590～700℃,压力1.7～3.3GPa,而且压力大于2.5GPa 时温度范围很窄,为600～640℃。由石榴石边缘成分和 PT 视剖面图确定的榴辉岩峰期温压条件为压力2.85～2.95GPa 和温度625～630℃,峰期矿物组合为石榴石 绿辉石 蓝闪石 蓝晶石 硬柱石 柯石英±多硅白云母。峰期之后,榴辉岩经历了快速近等温降压(ITD)的早期高压退变质作用,这是一个非平衡过程,所发生的主要变化如下:柯石英→石英,硬柱石→黝帘石 蓝晶石,在相对富镁岩石中出现滑石,当水含量较高时可以出现钠云母,蓝闪石在原来基础上有一定量的生长,并且绿辉石和多硅白云母很可能只部分地发生了成分变化,而石榴石几乎未发生改变。这样形成了目前观察到的矿物组成为石榴石 绿辉石 蓝闪石 蓝晶石 黝帘石/绿帘石 石英±多硅白云母±钠云母±滑石,它代表了 UHP 榴辉岩在早期高压退变质阶段结束时所具有的矿物组成,这一阶段结束时的温压条件大致为2.0～2.2GPa 和600～630℃;早期高压退变质阶段是脱水过程,流体是内部缓冲的。     

赣东北高压变质岩的岩石类型、矿物组成与变质过程

赣东北高压变质岩包括含硬玉霓辉石钠长角闪片岩、含硬玉霓辉石石英钠长石岩、含霓辉石角闪石英钠长石岩、含霓辉石钠长角闪片岩、蓝透闪石石英钠长石岩、镁钠闪石石英钠长石岩等岩石类型，主要组成脏矿物为硬玉、霓辉石、镁钠闪石、蓝透闪石、镁角闪石、阳起石、石英、钠长石、金红石和榍石。研究表明，高压变质峰期后经历了近等温降压退变质过程。     

早古生代北阿尔金HP/LT混杂岩片——一个“化石”俯冲隧道

北阿尔金高压/低温(HP/LT)变质岩呈构造岩片分布在俯冲-增生杂岩中，主要由强变形的变质沉积岩(泥质片岩、钙质片岩和石英片岩)和少量呈透镜状分布在变沉积岩中的蓝片岩和榴辉岩组成，与相邻的蛇绿混杂岩呈断层接触。榴辉岩主要矿物为绿辉石、石榴子石、多硅白云母、石英、冻蓝闪石，含少量蓝闪石、绿泥石、方解石、钠长石、榍石。蓝片岩主要矿物为蓝闪石、石榴子石、碳酸盐类矿物、阳起石、绿帘石、钠云母、绿泥石、钠长石和石英，偶见多硅白云母，其中在部分蓝片岩的石榴子石中有少量硬柱石和绿辉石包体。本文对蓝片岩(样品A06-16-7)和榴辉岩(样品A03-3-5.3)开展了岩石学和相平衡模拟研究，得到它们形成的压力峰期的温压条件分别是：T=～524℃、P=～2.1GPa和T=～527℃、P=～2.2GPa,并均经历了后期蓝片岩相的退变质叠加。结合区域上已有的研究表明，北阿尔金HP/LT混杂岩片中不同类型岩石可能经历了不同的变质演化历史，反映了古俯冲隧道的不均匀性，并在俯冲隧道的较浅部混杂在一起，共同经历了蓝片岩相或蓝片岩-绿片岩过渡相条件下的透入性变形作用。     

内蒙古头道桥地区蓝闪石片岩和相关变质岩石岩石学特征及其构造意义

内蒙古头道桥地区出露了一套经高压变质形成的岩石组合。本次研究通过岩相学和矿物化学分析,根据矿物组合的不同,识别出蓝片岩、绿片岩两种不同类型的岩石类型。其中,蓝片岩的矿物组合为角闪石（蓝闪石、蓝透闪石）+绿帘石+钠长石+绿泥石+石英+赤铁矿±多硅白云母±方解石±榍石;绿片岩的矿物组合为绿泥石+钠长石+石英±绿帘石±角闪石（阳起石、镁角闪石、蓝透闪石、冻蓝闪石等）±多硅白云母±赤铁矿。确定了蓝片岩的峰期变质级别为绿帘-蓝闪片岩相,峰期变质温度为400~600℃,压力为1.2~1.4 GPa。绿片岩的峰期变质级别为绿帘-角闪岩相。结合前人研究成果,认为蓝片岩和绿片岩的形成与额尔古纳地块和兴安地块的碰撞拼合有关。     

中国蓝闪片岩相的变质作用

本文论述了中国蓝闪片岩的分布、变质条件及其构造位置。中国的蓝闪片岩从中晚元古代开始,各变质期均有出现。根据矿物组合,可分为两类:第一类蓝闪片岩常含有高压矿物,如硬柱石、硬玉和文石以及蓝闪石、绿纤石、黑硬绿泥石、多硅白云母、红帘石等,属高压亚绿片岩相,称蓝闪—硬柱石片岩相,形成温度约250—350℃,压力大于500—800MPa,甚至可达1200MPa。此类蓝闪—硬柱石片岩相多代表海洋板块古消减带。第二类蓝闪片岩的常见矿物为蓝闪石、青铝闪石或镁钠闪石、黑硬绿泥石、红帘石和绿片岩相中的绿帘石、阳起石、绿泥石、白云母、有时还有黑云母、铁铝榴石和钠质辉石。形成温度约350—450℃,压力500—800MPa。此类蓝闪绿片岩相虽处于活动带,但与板块构造没有直接关系。我国西藏南部和内蒙温都尔庙属第一类,但大部分蓝闪片岩带属第二类。     

滇西澜沧谦迈地区榴辉岩岩石学、矿物学特征及变质演化p-T轨迹

澜沧谦迈地区位于西南三江昌宁-孟连结合带中段。新近在该地区发现榴辉岩,与双江县勐库地区退变榴辉岩一样,谦迈地区榴辉岩也产于湾河蛇绿混杂岩带内,岩石新鲜,后期退变质作用改造弱,岩石学信息保留完整。主要矿物成分为石榴子石、绿辉石、多硅白云母、金红石、角闪石、绿帘石、石英等,直接围岩为白云(钠长)片岩和斜长角闪岩,白云(钠长)片岩主要由多硅白云母、石英和长石构成。根据岩石学和矿物学特征将谦迈地区榴辉岩划分为4个变质阶段,其中峰期矿物组合为石榴子石+绿辉石+多硅白云母+硬柱石+蓝闪石+金红石+石英。初步研究表明,峰期榴辉岩相变质温度和压力分别为600℃和2.5GPa。新发现的榴辉岩为研究三江地区特提斯构造演化提供了关键性资料,该榴辉岩变质演化p-T轨迹的研究对探讨古特提斯洋的俯冲-造山过程具有重要意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)