氯碳钠镁石的振动光谱分析

氯碳钠镁石的群论分析表明,当CO_3~(2-)占据其晶体结构中的C_3位置对称时,振动的表示为:Γ=2A+2E。应用Wilson 的GF 矩阵法计算CO_3~(2-)得到的力常数为:伸缩力常数(K)5.8md/(?),弯曲力常数(H)0.45md/(?),非键原子间的排斥力常数(F)2.10md/(?)。计算的频率v_3=1463cm~(-1);v_4=718cm~(-1)。与实测频率一致。根据位能分布计算表明,红外光谱中1464cm~(-1)和718cm~(-1)谱带分别归属C—O 伸缩振动((?))和键角O—C—O 弯曲振动v_4是正确的。     

天然变石和提拉法合成变石的红外-拉曼光谱分析

合成变石的晶体结构、化学成分及宝石学特征与天然变石基本一致,常规宝石学检测方法很难区分。实验采用红外光谱仪和拉曼光谱仪测试分析,发现天然变石以2 800cm~(-1)~3 300cm~(-1) O—H伸缩振动和2 362cm~(-1) CO_2伸缩振动为红外特征吸收峰,而提拉法合成变石无此特征吸收;拉曼分析中,638cm~(-1) Be—O弯曲振动为天然变石的特征吸收,674cm~(-1) Be—O伸缩振动、708cm~(-1) Be—O弯曲振动、473cm~(-1) Al—O平移运动为提拉法合成变石的特征吸收;对天然变石与提拉法合成变石拉曼谱932cm~(-1)进行洛伦兹线性拟合,得到天然变石半高宽均在17.0cm~(-1)以上,而提拉法合成变石均在17.0cm~(-1)以下。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987115000249

Spurrite Ca_5(SiO_4)_2(CO_3),galuskinite Ca_7(SiO_4)_3(CO_3) and tilleyite Ca_5(Si_2O_7)(CO_3)_2 are three representative minerals formed in high-temperature skarns in the silicate-carbonate system.Their crystal chemistry and compressibility have been investigated using first-principles theoretical simulation.These minerals are structurally described as the combination of interwoven layers constituted by Ca polyhedra and Si polyhedra,with the[CO3]triangles being "separators" to depolymerize the Si-Ca aggregations.With the effect of pressure,the Si polyhedra and the[CO_3]groups present rigid behaviors whereas the Ca-0 bonds undergo considerable compression.Several pressure-induced abnormities in the lattice parameter variations have been identified,revealing the existence of subtle changes in the compression process.Isothermal equations of state parameters are obtained:K_0 = 71.1(1) GPa,V_0 = 1003.31(4) A~3 and K_0′ = 5.4(1)for spurrite;K_0 = 75.0(1) GPa.V_0 = 1360.30(7) A~3,K_0' = 5.4(1) for galuskinite,and K_0 = 69.7(3) GPa,V_0 = 1168.90(2) A~3 and K_0' = 4.0(1) for tilleyite.These compounds have similar K_0 values to calcite CaCO_3but are much more compressible than larnite β-Ca_2SiO_4.Generally for these minerals,the bulk modulus exhibits a negative correlation with the[CO_3]proportion.The structural and compressional properties of silicate-carbonate minerals compared with silicates and carbonates are expected to be a guide for further investigations on Si polyhedra and[CO_3]coexistent phases.     

高压下白云石的原位拉曼光谱研究

利用热液金刚石压腔研究了白云石在温度298 K、压力100~1 000 MPa下C-O键弯曲振动峰1ν097的拉曼变化特征。结果表明,在实验的压力范围内白云石稳定,其拉曼位移和压力具有很好的线性关系,拟合后得出压力与白云石1 097 cm-1拉曼线频率位移的关系为:p=143.47(Δpν)1 097+102.67(1 097相似文献   

几种常见无水碳酸盐矿物的红外吸收光谱特征分析

使用岛津IRPrestige-21傅里叶红外光谱仪,采用波数范围为4 000cm~(-1)~400cm~(-1)的中红外波段,利用KBr压片法对11种常见的无水碳酸盐矿物进行分析研究,发现无水碳酸盐类矿物具4个基频振动带,为1 449cm~(-1)~1 392cm~(-1),750cm~(-1)~675cm~(-1),886cm~(-1)~835cm~(-1)和1 051cm~(-1)±。同时出现3 020cm~(-1)~2 972cm~(-1),2 892cm~(-1)~2 873cm~(-1)的倍频峰和2 520cm~(-1)~2 510cm~(-1),1 820cm~(-1)~1 785cm~(-1)的和频峰。文石族矿物的弯曲振动吸收峰随着阳离子质量的增大振动吸收峰向右偏移,方解石族矿物未见此变化。未发现振动吸收峰的变化与阳离子的离子半径间存在简单线形关系。根据基团频率可确定未知矿物的类别,同时收录矿物的标准图谱可用于对未知矿物的快速鉴定。     

巴音戈壁盆地南部塔木素铀矿床水岩作用特征及其与铀成矿关系研究

在较封闭的环境中,塔木素铀矿床高矿化度(平均矿化度为35.4 g/L)NaCl型地下水中的Na+替换了斜长石中的Ca2+,使斜长石由更长石(An≈13)转变为钠长石(An≈1),被替换出的Ca_2+(以CaO计,约占斜长石总质量的4.5%)与地下水中的HCO_3~-、CO_3~(2-)及Mg~(2+)等结合形成了白云石等碳酸盐胶结物。在此过程中发生了脱碳作用,促使地下水中以[UO_2(CO_3)_3]~(4-)、[UO_2(CO_3)_3]~(2-)等碳酸铀酰络合离子及Mg CO_3·Na_2UO_2(CO_3)_2复盐发生分离而形成了铀的沉淀,并受扩散作用影响,水中的铀趋向于向水岩作用相对强烈地段迁移,从而促使铀在特定的层位集中、富集。同时,斜长石因水岩作用(溶解、溶蚀等),在解理面及表面形成了次生的缝隙及孔洞等,为铀沉淀提供了空间。成岩后,含SO_4~(2-)等的酸性地表水沿层间下渗,溶解了砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物而形成了溶洞,为后期再次迁移的铀提供了沉淀空间,并形成了铀的进一步叠加、富集。     

天然黝帘石原位高压X射线衍射和拉曼光谱

黝帘石属于绿帘石族矿物[Ca2(Al,Fe)3Si3O12(OH)],产出于各种不同地质环境(比如大陆碰撞带和俯冲带)的高压和超高压变质岩中。不同于其他绿帘石族矿物属于单斜晶系矿物,黝帘石属于斜方晶系(空间群Pnma)。本文采用金刚石压腔装置(DAC)结合同步辐射X射线衍射及拉曼光谱技术对天然黝帘石[Ca2(Al2.71Fe0.29)(Si O4)(Si2O7)O(OH)]进行了原位常温高压实验研究,以期增进对黝帘石在常温高压下的稳定性以及Fe含量的不同对于其弹性性质影响的认识。原位常温高压X射线衍射实验在上海同步辐射装置(SSRF)的BL15U线站上完成。实验采用DAC高压装置结合单晶X射线衍射实验技术,实验最高压力约为30 GPa,衍射谱图采用黝帘石标准谱(JCPDS85-1631)进行指标化,衍射斑点的位置用来计算其在不同压力下的晶胞参数。随着实验压力的升高,所有的衍射晶面间距逐渐减小,当压力达约15.2 GPa,在衍射图谱上出现一新的衍射晶面信号(晶面间距d=2.238 3),并在之后的压力范围内一直存在。此外当压力达约22.6 GPa,又有一晶面间距d=2.689 6的新衍射信号出现,并一直保持存在到最高压力。据此推断黝帘石在压力约15 GPa时存在结构的变化。同时,在常温最高压力约为40 GPa条件下,对黝帘石进行了拉曼光谱测量。随着实验压力的增加,黝帘石的拉曼振动峰向着高波数方向移动,在压力约为15.7 GPa,低压下存在的波数为1 083 cm-1和1 098 cm-1的两个振动峰消失,与此同时,在波数为247 cm-1、303 cm-1、339 cm-1、和379 cm-1位置分别出现了新的拉曼谱峰,其中,339 cm-1峰于27.6 GPa时消失,其余新峰一直保持到实验最高压力值。因此,本文推测天然黝帘石样品在15~16 GPa压力范围内存在有结构的变化。对于变化后的结构和性质还有待于进一步研究。另外,本文利用三阶Birch-Murnaghan状态方程拟合了发生结构变化前(0~14.4 GPa)的p-V数据,得到V0=908.1(9)3、K0=108(2)GPa和K'0=6.5(6),其中V0、K0和K'0分别表示零压晶胞体积、等温体积模量及其压力导数值。综合上述获得的实验结果并结合前人对黝帘石的研究成果,本文探讨了含Fe量的不同对于黝帘石弹性性质以及晶体结构性质的影响。与不含Fe黝帘石的等温体积模量[Ca2Al3Si3O12OH(]122.1(7)GPa,123.4(4)GPa)以及低含Fe量的黝帘石[Ca2Al2.88Fe0.12Si3O12OH]的体积模量(119.1(7)GPa)相比,本次实验样品黝帘石[Ca2(Al2.71Fe0.29)(Si O4)(Si2O7)O(OH)]的体积模量(108(2)GPa)明显偏小,说明含Fe会增加黝帘石矿物的可压缩性,并且,含铁量越大其体积模量越小。     

对某铀矿田控矿构造及成矿富集条件的初步分析

前言矿田位于一个东西复杂构造带某岩体东段。岩体呈东西展布,为多次侵入活动的产物。根据穿插关系和同位素资料,除少量加里东和海西期花岗岩外,由老到新可以划出:中粗粒斑状黑云母花岗岩[γ_5~(2-1)],小斑状二云母花岗岩[γ_5~(2-2)],中粒黑云母花岗岩[γ_5~(2-3)],中细粒二云母花岗岩[γ_5~(3-1)],其平均同位素年龄依次为168、159、153和142百万     

尤碳钙铀矿在我国首次发现

尤碳钙铀矿是一种含钙的铀酰碳酸盐矿物,在我国湖南省首次发现。它产于湖南某花岗岩型热液铀矿床氧化带中,与红铀矿、橙黄铀矿、水丝铀矿、β-硅钙铀矿、纤碳铀矿等共生。矿物为黄色。比重D_(?)=4.0,D_(cal)=4.16。在长波紫外线照射下发污黄绿色弱荧光。二轴晶,负光性。折光率α=1.635,β=1.626,γ=1.505,2V=40°±。斜方晶系。X射线粉晶分析主要强线为8.10(9),7.20(10),3.51(8),3.15(9)。微量化学全分析结果CaO 4.08%,UO_3 74.44%,CO_2 4.29%,H_2O 13.27%。化学式为Ca (UO_2)_3[CO_3](OH)_6·5H_2O。     

平衡移动法测定络合物组成和稳定常数的研究(Ⅰ)——多级络合体系平衡移动法公式的推导

1:推导出多级络合体系平衡移动法公式:lg(A_i)/(Amax-A_i)=lg(β_1[R] β_2[R]~2 ……β_n[R]~n)利用此公式解释了通常采用平衡移动法公式 lg(A_i)/(Amax-A_i)=nlg[R] lgβ_n所作的lg(A_i)/(Amax-A_i)～lg[R]图呈曲线的原因,并指出只有当[R]在适当范围内才能使曲线斜率(络合比)接近整数。2:通过 D_J—15型电子计算机绘制的一系列不同β值的lg(β_1[R] β_2[R]~2 β_3[R]~3)～lg[R]曲线探讨了在一定条件下,只能测出较高级络合比而测不出低级络合比的原因。     

岩石坚硬程度对核电厂地基-基础地震响应特征的影响分析

考虑核电厂地基-基础的动力相互作用,应用显式动力有限差分法分析了地震作用下极软岩、较软岩、坚硬岩上核电厂建筑结构基础的地震响应特征,比较了岩石坚硬程度对基础加速度反应谱的影响。研究表明：随着岩石坚硬程度的提高,核电厂建筑物结构基础的地震响应有增加的趋势;在周期轴上,基础处的加速度反应谱曲线会随着岩石坚硬程度的提高逐渐向短周期（高频段）方向移动。在高频段,建造于较坚硬岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在中等频段,建造于较软岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在低频段,岩石坚硬程度对加速度反应谱的影响不显著。     

Strains of scattering of near-field of a point source

Three dimensional scattering of near-field is studied for dilatation and rotation in the time domain. The perturbation method is applied to solve the equation of motion for the first order scattering from a weak inhomogeneity in an otherwise homogeneous medium. The inhomogeneity is assumed close enough to the point source so that the near-field intermediate wave is dominating over the far-field sphericalP andS pulses. The integral expressions are derived to relate dilatation and rotation of scattering to the radial fluctuations of velocities and density in the inhomogeneity. These integrals are solved to calculate the strains of scattering from (a part of) an inhomogeneous spherical shell of arbitrary curvature. Variable curvature may allow the shape of inhomogeneity volume element to change uniformly from spherical to rectangular. Rotation of scattering from a spherical shell is independent ofP wave velocity inhomogeneity. Dilatation of scattering does not involveS wave velocity inhomogeneity but its gradient. The back scattering results are obtained as a special case. Strains are computed numerically, for hypothetical models to study the effects of various parameters viz., velocity inhomogeneity, distance of source from inhomogeneity and from receiver, and thickness of inhomogeneity. The curvature of the spherical shell is varied to study the effects of the shape of inhomogeneous volume element on scattering.     

土石坝心墙水力劈裂分析

简要分析了水力劈裂的发生条件、力学机理。基于水压楔劈机理,利用有限元方法建立了一种水力劈裂的发生判定方法。该方法假定心墙预先存在局部渗透弱面（裂缝）,通过将裂缝位置的单元材料改为裂缝软材料,考虑库水进入裂缝后对裂缝周围土体的作用,建立水力劈裂分析的平面有限元模型,确定裂缝端部垂直于裂缝面的正应力,进而依据该正应力判断水力劈裂发生的可能性,该方法同时可模拟水力劈裂的发展过程。     

Geochemistry of Thermal Waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia

Studied waters belong to warm(T=30-50℃),alkaline(pH=8.9-9.3),low mineralized(TDS235 mg/1)Na-HCO_3 or Na-SO_4-HCO_3 thermal waters with high content of SiO_2(up to 81 mg/l)and F(up to 3.9 mg/1),occur on modern volcano-tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt.Low~3He concentration as well as N_2/O_2 and N_2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid.New rare earth element data constrain our understandmg of water-rock interaction occurring in the water source region.Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from-71‰to-136.1‰and from-10.8‰to-18.8‰forδ~2U andδ~(18)O respectively.REE patterns reflect high pH,resultfing from water-rock interaction and oxidative conditions.Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na-K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8-131.1°C and 82.2-125.8℃respectively.Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient(~45-50 K/km)define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote-Alin,area,where no present volcanic activity is registered.     

土钉支护失稳分析

某基坑采用复合土钉墙支护,开挖至坑底后,基坑北侧发生失稳事故。本文就其事故发生原因作一探讨。     

地震次生地质灾害风险评估集对态势分析

5．12四川汶川8级强震引发了大量次生地质灾害,加剧了灾情并严重影响抗震救灾。地震次生地质灾害受多重因素制约,其孕育与致灾过程具有不确定性。利用集对分析原理与方法,对地震次生地质灾害进行同异反态势分析,拟定了风险评估的集对分析同一度、差异度、对立度等指标体系的构建原则与赋值标准,对承灾体系统的不确定性及其作用作了刻画与分析,建立了不同风险分区代表性的集对分析联系度表达式,为地震灾害研究提供了可资借鉴的新思路和技术方法。     

下扬子区三叠纪古地理演化

下扬子区在三叠纪期间接受了早-中三叠世海相碳酸盐沉积、中-晚三叠世海陆交互相和陆相湖沼沉积.沉积相带的空间分布和古地理格局的变迁明显地受到区域构造的控制.区内盆地发育与演化是在华南板块与扬子板块、扬子板块与华北板块相互作用的背景下进行的.早-中三叠世末期的印支运动是下扬子区构造-古地理格局改变的决定性因素,使下扬子海盆闭合,沉积类型由海相沉积变为陆相沉积.下扬子区三叠纪古地理的演化特征也为板块碰撞提供了沉积证据.     

多年冻土融沉性分类研究

在冻土工程中,冻土的融沉性评价是工程地质勘察的主要内容之一,融沉性分类是冻土地基基础设计施工的重要依据．根据345个冻土原状样品融沉压缩试验数据,提出了细砾、砂土、粉土、黏性土、泥炭化黏性土和泥炭质土等6类土的融沉系数一含水量或融沉系数一超塑含水量线性回归方程式,得到与各融沉性分级相应的界限含水量或界限超塑含水量．最后...     

Kinetics of dehydration of Ca-montmorillonite

Isothermal thermogravimetric experiments have been carried out to determine the reaction kinetics of the dehydration processes in fuller's earth, a natural Ca-montmorillonite. Dehydration in swelling clays is a complex reaction, and analysis of the thermogravimetric data using empirical rate equations and time-transformation analysis reveals that the nature of the rate controlling mechanism is dependent upon both the temperature regime of the sample as well as the extent of reaction. For fuller's earth, we find that the dehydration kinetics are dominated by a nucleation and growth mechanism at low temperatures and fractions transformed (stage I), but above 90 °C the last stages of the reaction are diffusion controlled (stage II). The activation energy for dehydration during stage I is around 35 kJ · mol⁻¹, whereas the removal of water during stage II requires an activation energy of around 50 kJ · mol⁻¹. These two stages of dehydration are associated with primary collapse of the interlayer (stage I) and movement of water that is hydrated to cations within the interlayer (stage II). Received: 28 August 1998 / Revised, accepted: 27 January 1999