控制小岛屿景观生态实现持续利用——以大长山岛为例

本文论述了大长山岛景观生态系统特征,分析了其利用现状和存在问题,提出了其景观生态控制的主要措施。     

适应南海开发与保护需求的船舶装备思考

三沙市设立以来,其建设与发展迎来了前所未有的新契机。由于其特殊的自然环境,船舶装备建设无疑是"建设三沙、发展三沙"的核心环节之一。文章对三沙市船舶装备的发展需求进行了分析,介绍了其发展现状,并给出其建设的体系图,旨为三沙市船舶装备建设提供参考。     

喙突斜叶虫的形态学及分类地位的探讨

在对养殖水体病害纤毛虫调查中观察到一侧口目纤毛虫,经鉴定为喙突斜叶虫。借助蛋白银技术对其纤毛图式作了首次揭示,确定了其独立地位,同时还对其生境特征及与相近种的关系做了综合描述和探讨。研究中还进行了杀灭试验。     

海月水母的生物学特征及其爆发

介绍了海月水母的形态、生活习性、生活史、分布、生存条件、爆发及危害等基本情况,并分析了其爆发成因,最后提出了我国海月水母及其爆发研究的工作重点:确认在我国海域爆发的海月水母究竟是外来种还是本地种,了解其种群的生活史、食性及生活习性,掌握其种群数量动态变化规律并进行数量动态监测,分析其种群数量动态与海域环境的关系,开展其爆发的危害评价工作。     

一种八推进器水下机器人动力学分析

随着对水下机器人研究的逐步深入，其运动能力已由早期单纯的平动逐步强化为有多个自由度的空间运动，对其进行动力学研究是进行其它方面能力研究的基础。为研究多自由度水下机器人的运动，对某型八推进器水下机器人进行了动力学方程建模，得出了其在6个自由度上的运动方程，在此基础上，对其进行了运动仿真及性能分析，得到了该型水下机器人在6个自由度上的运动性能。通过仿真计算的结果，可以直观地了解其运动能力。     

海洋腹毛目纤毛虫—束状全列虫的形态学以及与相近种的比较

报道了一种采自青岛沿岸养殖水体的自由生纤毛虫——束状全列虫。文中对其形态学作了重新描述,利用蛋白银技术研究了其纤毛图式,并与其它相近种作了比较。     

海洋工程污染分类研究

给出海洋工程的概念和定义,对海洋工程污染的分类和研究现状进行了讨论。从海洋工程污染的工程特征要素、污染特征要素、程度要素和管理要素进行了分类研究,认为海洋工程污染的分类,可按其工程特征要素,对其进行离海岸的远近、离海底的高度、使用材质、移动与否等分类;可按其工程污染要素,对其进行化学污染、物理污染、生物损害、地质损害与污染等分类;可按其工程污染影响的深度特征要素,对其进行重度影响、中度影响和轻度影响分类;可按其工程污染的管理角度,对其进行海洋工程和海岸工程的分类。     

渤古1潜山内幕结构精细解剖

济阳坳陷为一复杂叠合型盆地,其深部存在着许多难以准确识别的特殊构造。以渤古1潜山为例,由于受多期次构造叠加,形成了复杂的潜山内幕结构。同时,由于它又是良好的油气储集场所,因而对其进行研究具有重要意义。以钻井揭示资料为基础,结合地震、测井资料,恢复其地层剖面,并于这一过程中发现了大量的地层缺失、重复现象;然后结合区域特征对其进行构造分解,揭示了其形成背景及演化过程。研究结果认为,渤古1的潜山内幕结构为一反“S”型倒转背斜,印支期形成的挤压逆冲—褶皱构造和燕山三、四幕强烈的张性正断层形成断陷对其改造作用明显。     

动力型鱼雷锚基本结构与特性

鱼雷锚(torpedo anchor)自1996年被巴西石油公司(Petrobras)开发以来,一直得到国内外的广泛研究,并成功应用于巴西坎普斯湾的浮式生产储油卸油装置(FPSO)等系泊系统中。本文在分析现有鱼雷锚技术发展现状的基础上,介绍了一种拥有自主知识产权的动力型鱼雷锚技术,并描述了其内部结构和工作原理。通过实验室模型实验展示了其优越性能,最后指出了其工程应用前景。     

富钴结壳资源量评估方法

富钴结壳是一种重要的海底矿产资源,对其进行资源量评估有着十分重要的意义。主要探讨了当前富钴结壳资源量评估的几种主要方法,并对其进行了分析比较。     

Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of surficial sediments from the Northern Rias: Implications for sediment provenance and impact of the source rocks

A multidisciplinary study of the elemental geochemistry and mineralogical characteristics of the marine surficial sediment in the Northern Rias (NW Iberian Peninsula) has been carried out. The linkages between the marine sediment composition and their potential sources were examined.The influence of the river-borne sediments is only detected in the innermost part of the three Rias. Regional variations of the mineral assemblages are governed by the source-rock composition of the different geological complexes and the relative source-rock contribution controlled by the continental hydrology. Mineralogical composition of the Ortigueira Ria and adjacent shelf surficial sediments are mainly made up of mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Cape Ortegal complex indicated by the high content of Mg, Mn and chrysotile and riebeckite minerals. In areas nearby Ortegal complex the imprint of heavy minerals present in the surrounding rocks has also been recorded. Barqueiro and Viveiro Rias bed-sediments are influenced by granitic and metamorphic rocks from the Ollo de Sapo complex as revealed by the high contribution of muscovite and quartz.Mining activities in the continental domain left strong imprints on marine surficial sediments. Pyrite content is high in the innermost areas of the Ortigueira Ria since this mineral is exploited in the Mera River basin, whereas high muscovite percentages characterize the Viveiro Ria owing to the abundance of granitic rocks and its exploitation in the Landro River basin. Quartz content is high nearby Cape Estaca de Bares, induced by the presence of an important excavation of this material.     

“中华碘泉”矿泉水的特征与开发

在山东省德州市首次探明国内稀有含碘饮用天然矿泉水──“中华碘泉”。研究表明,矿泉水是在新生代断陷盆地发育的构造背景和弱碱氧化的水文地球化学环境条件下,地下水与陆相沉积含水介质长期水岩反应中经溶滤形成的,属古老埋藏型封存水;矿泉水水量丰富、水质优良,为含碘小苏打型矿泉水,但氟含量偏高;为合理开发这一宝贵资源,可采用规模化含碘矿泉水的技术工艺来开发。     

基于重矿物地球化学手段的南海东北部陆架沉积物物源研究

物源是研究大陆架沉积物搬运过程、重建陆架古环境以及海洋砂矿资源勘查的重要信息。然而，陆架砂质沉积物普遍经历过多次搬运、分选和混合，这给物源识别带来极大的困难。南海东北部陆架砂质沉积物分布广泛，本文首次采用单矿物化学方法对其物源进行了新的解析。研究区表层砂质沉积物中电气石与角闪石为优势重矿物，两者含量呈现此消彼长的关系。电气石和石榴子石的电子探针数据显示:珠江、韩江沉积物影响海域，火成岩成因的电气石占60%左右，其主要来源为区内广泛发育的燕山期花岗岩的风化产物；莲花山断裂带和长乐?南澳断裂带附近的南海东北部沿岸小河沉积物中变质岩成因的电气石含量显著增高，最高可达70%，其来源为区内与断裂带伴生的变质岩风化物；矽卡岩成因的钙铝榴石在南澳岛以东的陆架沉积物中发现最多，这与华南陆域矽卡岩的分布区吻合。综合分析认为，重矿物的矿物化学方法可以减少分选效应的影响，利用多种矿物的矿物化学分异可以获得多维的信息，为陆架沉积物的物源判定提供便利。     

青岛神泉天然矿泉水的发现及其地质意义

1989年12月,在青岛胶州市张应镇北4km处,发现了青岛神泉天然矿泉水。该矿泉水赋存于鲁东橄榄安粗岩系中的玄武质岩石中,属锶、硅酸复合型低钠低矿化度重碳酸钙型矿泉水。后经进一步研究发现:(1)围域橄榄安粗岩系中其它岩类的地下水,往往均可构成锶、硅酸复合型矿泉水;(2)随着岩石时代变新,其地下水pH值增高,偏硅酸含量增高,而锶含量降低,锶和偏硅酸构成负相关。这一发现不仅拓宽了天然矿泉水的找寻靶区,而且限制了其类型分布,具重要而广阔的示踪意义和指导意义。同时,隐示了广泛分布橄榄安粗岩系的胶莱地区,可能成为我国又一新的天然矿泉水田区。     

青岛地区矿泉水的分类及分布规律

本文根据青岛地区已评价的４２处矿泉水点资料，从有益元素的种类水化学性质及形成条件三个方面对矿泉水进行了不同性质的分类；从岩石、构造、地貌环境方面阐明了矿泉水的分布规律；探讨了矿泉水成因，指出了含有益元素的岩石是矿泉水形成的基础奶利的构造，地貌环境是矿泉水的形成条件，深成地下循环水的溶解作用是矿泉水的归宿的初步论断，提出了断裂破碎带及其次级构造裂隙发育区、大理岩、中基性火山岩分布区及第四系底部有良好     

Submarine-fan facies associations of the Eocene Butano Sandstone,Santa Cruz mountains,California

The Eocene Butano Sandstone was deposited as a submarine fan in a relatively small, partly restricted basin in a borderland setting. It is possibly as thick as 3000 m and was derived from erosion of nearly Mesozoic granitic and older metamorphic rocks located to the south. Deposition was at lower bathyal to abyssal water depths. The original fan may have been 120-to 160-km long and 80-km wide. Outcrops of submarine-canyon, innerfan, middle-fan, and outer-fan facies associations indicate that the depositional model of Mutti and Ricci Lucchi can be used to describe the Butano Sandstone.     

南黄海盆地南五凹阜宁组“广湖咸水”烃源岩及其油气勘探意义

通过对南五凹钻井所揭示的阜宁组进行岩性、地球化学、古生物及地震相等综合分析证实,南五凹阜宁组发育中深湖相泥质烃源岩,且该套烃源岩形成于"广湖咸水"沉积环境。"广湖"即湖盆分布广泛,中深湖相泥质烃源岩在凹陷深洼处和缓坡带均有发育,平面上面积大,纵向上厚度大,具备生成油气的物质基础。"咸水"即烃源岩形成时期湖盆受到了海侵影响,致使水体性质偏咸。南五凹与中国东部古新世—始新世期间曾遭受海侵影响的其他湖盆类似,其形成的咸化烃源岩具有"排烃早"的特征。南五凹阜宁组湖相烃源岩"广湖咸水"沉积特征对于油气勘探具有重要意义。     

Submarine-fan facies associations of the Eocene Butano Sandstone, Santa Cruz mountains, California

The Eocene Butano Sandstone was deposited as a submarine fan in a relatively small, partly restricted basin in a borderland setting. It is possibly as thick as 3000 m and was derived from erosion of nearly Mesozoic granitic and older metamorphic rocks located to the south. Deposition was at lower bathyal to abyssal water depths. The original fan may have been 120-to 160-km long and 80-km wide. Outcrops of submarine-canyon, innerfan, middle-fan, and outer-fan facies associations indicate that the depositional model of Mutti and Ricci Lucchi can be used to describe the Butano Sandstone. Margin setting represents fan and/or source area     

Hydrogeology and geochemistry of near-shore submarine groundwater discharge at Flamengo Bay,Ubatuba, Brazil

Near-shore discharge of fresh groundwater from the fractured granitic rock at Flamengo Bay, Ubatuba, Brazil, is strongly controlled by the local geology. Freshwater flows primarily through a zone of weathered granite to a distance of 24 m offshore. In the nearshore environment this weathered granite is covered by about 0.5 m of well-sorted, coarse sands containing pore water with sea water salinity, with an abrupt transition to much lower salinity once the weathered granite is penetrated. Further offshore, low-permeability marine sediments contain saline porewater, marking the limit of offshore migration of freshwater. Freshwater flux rates based on tidal signal and hydraulic gradient analysis indicate a fresh submarine groundwater discharge of 0.17–1.6 m³/day per m of shoreline. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and silicate are elevated in the porewater relative to seawater, and appeared to be a net source of nutrients to the overlying water column. The major ion concentrations suggest that the freshwater within the aquifer has a short residence time. Major element concentrations do not reflect in situ alteration of the granitic rocks, possibly because the alteration occurred prior to development of the current discharge zones, or because of large volumes of water discharge in this high rainfall region.     

崂山花岗岩中角闪石成分的变化及其意义

报道了崂山钙碱性岩套和碱性岩套花岗岩中角闪石的矿物成分及其变化特征,在此基础上,追索其物理化学条件的演变与成岩意义。指出,角闪石的成分及其变化特征在两个岩套中的差异,指示两个岩套岩浆可能有其独立的岩浆起源,同时也经历了不同的岩浆演化路径,分别受不同的物理化学条件制约。