阿尔泰造山带中泥盆世强过铝花岗岩的发现及地质意义

克兰河岩体中含白云母的强过铝花岗岩锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为(387.4±1.3)Ma(MSWD=0.72),属中泥盆世岩浆活动产物。岩石具高硅(73.55%~74.14%)、高碱(7.99%~8.31%)、富Al_2O_3(14.48%~14.56%)、富P_2O_5(0.32%~0.39%)和低(FeO+MgO)(0.45%~0.59%)、低CaO/Na_2O值(均值小于0.3),高A/NCK值(1.18~1.21),高Al_2O_3/Ti2O(120.6~181),属高压强过铝质S型花岗岩;岩体不同程度富集Rb,Th,U,P,K,贫Ba,Sr,Zr,Ti,高场强元素Nb,Ta无明显异常。岩石富集轻稀土元素,并具Eu(δEu=0.42~0.49)的显著负异常。结合阿尔泰区域地质背景综合分析,推测该岩体可能形成于陆-陆碰撞造山过程中局部陆壳加厚的高压环境,是陆壳泥质岩石部分熔融的产物,可能揭示了由俯冲增生到碰撞的过程。     

腾冲地块梁河早始新世花岗岩成因机制及其地质意义

腾冲地块梁河地区芒东和青木寨花岗岩是新特提斯洋演化过程中重要的壳源岩浆活动产物。岩石形成年龄为48~51Ma,属于早始新世,与腾冲地块西缘盈江地区大量的酸性和基性侵入岩的形成年龄相近。梁河地区的早始新世花岗岩具有高硅、钾的特征,属于准铝质-强过铝质高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩。这些花岗岩具有高的初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值和富集的Nd同位素组成,Nd模式年龄显示源岩应为中元古代的地壳岩石。同时,芒东花岗岩具有高的CaO/Na_2O和相对低的Al_2O_3/TiO_2、Rb/Sr和Rb/Ba比值,说明源区为变质杂砂岩。而青木寨花岗岩具有低的CaO/Na_2O和Al_2O_3/TiO_2、相对高的Rb/Sr和Rb/Ba比值,指示其源岩以变泥质岩为主。结合区域内中-新生代岩浆活动特征,我们认为芒东和青木寨花岗岩是印度-亚洲大陆东向初始碰撞或同碰撞时期挤压背景下,腾冲地块中下地壳成熟度较低的杂砂岩以及成熟度较高的泥岩在高温条件下部分熔融的产物。     

阿尔泰南缘克朗盆地铁木尔特花岗岩体年龄、地球化学特征及成因

铁木尔特黑云母花岗岩出露于阿尔泰造山带南缘克朗盆地北西侧,岩体主要为黑云母花岗岩。锆石的SHRIMPU-Pb定年结果表明该岩体结晶年龄为459±4.9Ma。岩石具有高的SiO_2(71.92%～76.58%)和Al_2O_3(12.92%～14.55%)含量,富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.09%～8.11%)、高钾(K_2O/Na_2O=1.1～1.62)、低P_2O_5(0.14%)和MgO+FeO(5%)含量,强过铝质(ACNK=1.13～1.34);富集LREE和Th、U、Pb,贫Ba、P、Sr、Ti、Nb,呈现明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.33～0.53);并具有低的Al_2O_3/TiO_2(100)比值和高的CaO/Na_2O(0.3)比值。以上特征表明该岩体属高钾钙碱性高温型强过铝花岗岩。同时岩石具有低的Sr初始值(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr=0.701727～0.709951)和相对高的ε_(Nd)(459Ma)(-1.43～-0.98)值,两阶段Nd模式年龄较为均一(t_(2DM)=1.2～1.3Ga)。岩体的原始岩浆可能是富含白云母和黑云母的变泥质岩在大于875℃的条件下脱水熔融的产物,在部分熔融过程中有磷灰石、斜长石、钛铁矿等矿物的残留,并混入少量的幔源物质。结合阿尔泰南缘的区域地质背景综合分析,推测岩体形成于俯冲作用的初期,可能是在挤压背景下由于局部伸展减压以及异常地幔和深部热流不均匀上升提供的热影响发生的部分熔融产生。     

川西甲基卡二云母花岗岩与伟晶岩脉地球化学特征及其地质意义

对川西甲基卡地区二云母花岗岩及伟晶岩脉的岩石学特征、地球化学特征进行了分析,探讨了二云母花岗岩物质来源、构造背景及其与伟晶岩脉的成因联系。分析结果表明,甲基卡二云母花岗岩的SiO_2含量在73.93%~75.06%之间;全碱含量7.90%~8.36%,钾质含量较高,属高钾钙碱性系列岩石;Al_2O_3含量为14.24%~14.77%,A/CNK=1.14~1.24,具强过铝质S型花岗岩特征;ΣREE=31.18×10~(-6)~41.67×10~(-6),LREE/HREE=4.15~6.41,δEu=0.46~0.70;CaO/Na_2O=0.07~0.12(0.3),指示其物源可能是含砂屑物质极少的泥质岩;Al_2O_3/TiO_2=133.1~279.8,比值较高,表明甲基卡二云母花岗岩属高压低温型后碰撞强过铝质岩石。花岗伟晶岩脉SiO_2含量在72.59%~80.91%之间,全碱含量5.26%~10.60%,Al_2O_3含量11.79%~17.64%,σ=0.74~3.80,A/CNK=0.98~2.38,ΣREE=4.03×10~(-6)~8.29×10~(-6),LREE/HREE=2.61~10.40,δEu=0.18~0.68,与岩体差异明显,主、微量元素含量变化也较大。甲基卡二云母花岗岩与伟晶岩脉有密切的成因联系。岩浆不混溶作用可能是形成甲基卡含矿伟晶岩脉的关键因素,花岗质岩浆在上升过程中通过不混溶作用分离出富含挥发分的伟晶岩熔体,在运移或侵位过程中可能交代围岩矿物而使稀有金属元素进一步富集。二云母花岗岩浆和伟晶岩熔体性质的不同导致稀土元素和Th、Sr、Ti、Y、Rb、N等微量元素在两者中含量有明显差异。伟晶岩熔体在运移或就位过程中所经的路径不同和周围环境的差异导致不同位置产出的伟晶岩的元素含量有较大的变化。与二云母花岗岩相比,花岗伟晶岩的形成演化具有一定的跳跃性。     

青海南山地区加里东期强过铝质花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

青海南山地区位于南祁连构造带和西秦岭造山带的交接部位,在该地区元古宇变质地层中新厘定出一套含石榴子石白云母二长花岗岩,并对其进行了详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究。结果表明,浪日娘含石榴子石白云母二长花岗岩结晶年龄为438.7±4.2Ma,形成于早志留世早期。岩石含石榴子石、白云母、电气石等高铝矿物,同时具高SiO_2、富Al_2O_3特征,高铝饱和指数A/CNK=1.09～1.28,属高钾钙碱性强过铝质S型花岗岩;微量元素富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、U、K和Pb,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti、Zr、P和Ba、Sr;稀土元素总量低,配分曲线为轻稀土元素富集的右倾模式,具有弱-中等负Eu异常。高Rb/Sr值(1.83～3.95)、低CaO/Na_2O值(0.11～0.19),伴随有Pb正异常和Ba负异常,暗示源区物质成分为泥质岩并经历了缺水熔融条件下的白云母脱水熔融。结合岩体年龄及区域地质资料,推断其可能形成于原特提斯洋闭合碰撞造山过程。     

西藏当雄地区拉屋矿床二长花岗岩地球化学特征及构造背景

西藏拉屋矿床位于冈底斯铜铅锌多金属成矿带东段。通过对拉屋矿区出露的二长花岗岩地球化学研究表明,岩石中SiO_2、Al_2O_3和CaO等的含量均高、贫Fe和低Na_2O;w(SiO_2)含量为65.40%~74.43%,A/CNK值在1.41~2.20之间,为强过铝质花岗岩。岩石稀土总量ΣREE(不含Y)较低,为(5.08~80.38)×10~(-6),LaN/YbN值为2.43~5.65,ΣLREE/ΣHREE为1.63~3.64,稀土元素配分型式为右倾型,具负铕异常。Nb、Ti、Zr、Ce等高场强元素和Ba明显的亏损,K、Rb、Sr等大离子亲石元素明显的富集。综合研究认为,本区花岗岩的物质来源于上部陆壳,岩浆源区岩石成分为泥质岩;该岩体为形成于同碰撞构造环境、地壳加厚阶段的过铝质花岗岩。     

藏南吉隆淡色花岗岩地球化学特征、成因机制及其构造动力学意义

藏南吉隆淡色花岗岩体位于大喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带的中部,是吉隆地区藏南拆离系剪切带上部的重要组成部分。地球化学特征显示,岩石具有高SiO_2(72.09%~74.02%)、Al_2O_3(14.54%~15.59%)和K_2O(4.55%~5.59%)含量,高K_2O/Na_2O比值(1.12~1.55)和A/CNK值(1.14~1.18),属于高钾钙碱性过铝质S型花岗岩。富集大离子亲石元素Rb和放射性生热元素U,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr和Zr等元素,具有明显的轻重稀土元素分异和Eu负异常(δEu=0.37~0.54)。具有高的Rb/Sr比值(3.6~9.7)和低的CaO/Na_2O比值(0.15~0.25),指示源区为泥质岩区;(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i和ε_(Nd)(t)变化范围分别为0.7548~0.7586和-14.0~-13.1,与大喜马拉雅变泥质岩的Sr-Nd同位素组成一致;锆石边部的ε_(Hf)(t)介于-16.0~-8.5之间,位于大喜马拉雅变泥质岩中碎屑锆石的演化线上,表明淡色花岗岩的源岩为大喜马拉雅变泥质岩。岩石(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i较高而Sr浓度较低,且随着Ba浓度的增加,Rb/Sr比值降低,表明淡色花岗岩是无水条件下白云母脱水熔融形成的,部分熔融可能与藏南拆离系(STDS)伸展拆离导致的深部构造减压密切相关。吉隆淡色花岗岩的形成反映了地壳伸展减薄背景下,构造减压导致的深部地壳物质中含水矿物(白云母)脱水熔融并沿向北伸展的STDS侵位的构造动力学过程。     

特提斯喜马拉雅马拉山花岗岩的年代学、地球化学特征及成因机制

马拉山花岗岩位于特提斯喜马拉雅的西部,其主要矿物组成为石英、钾长石、白云母和黑云母。锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年表明,花岗岩的发育记录了(28.0±0.5)Ma和(18.4±0.3)Ma两期深熔作用,(18.4±0.3)Ma代表了最终的结晶时间。全岩地球化学分析结果显示,样品具有高的SiO_2(72.36%~72.51%)、Al_2O_3(15.22%~15.37%)和CaO(1.64%~1.66%)含量,高的K_2O/Na_2O值(0.97-1.05)和A/CNK值(1.15-1.20),显示高钾钙碱性过铝质的特征;岩石富集Rb、Th、U和K,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr和Zr、Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.80~0.89),轻重稀土分馏较强[(La/Yb)_N=7.09~19.68]。马拉山花岗岩具有较低的Rb/Sr值(0.90-1.10)和较高的CaO/Na_2O值(0.44~0.46),指示岩浆源区物质成分可能以页岩为主;样品(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i和ε_(Nd)(t)分别为0.742 522~0.744 097和-14.5~-13.7,与大喜马拉雅结晶杂岩中变质沉积岩成分一致,表明其来自变质沉积岩的部分熔融。岩石具有较低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr);和较高的Sr含量,且随着Ba含量的增加,Rb/Sr值基本不变,表明马拉山花岗岩是水致白云母部分熔融的产物,部分熔融可能与南北向裂谷的东西向伸展关系密切。     

河南内乡茶庵岩体岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

茶庵岩体位于秦岭造山带东段,岩体的主要岩性为二云母花岗岩。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,茶庵岩体w(SiO2)为73.22%~75.29%,w(K_2O)为4.11%~4.74%,w(Na_2O)为3.68%~4.34%,w(Al_2 O_3)为13.90%~15.31%,具有高钾钙碱性和过铝质(ACNK=1.03~1.17)特征。岩石稀土总量较低(22.02×10-6~84.18×10-6),轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,具有Eu的负异常,岩体富集Rb、U、Hf和Y,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta和Ti,显示出I型花岗岩的特点,形成于碰撞造山后的伸展构造环境。     

赣中山庄二长花岗岩的成因与构造背景:岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学证据

赣中山庄花岗岩岩体位于钦杭成矿带的南侧,岩性上包括二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。本文对岩体北部的二长花岗岩开展了年代学、地球化学及同位素研究以约束该岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及成岩构造背景。锆石CL图像、Th/U比值,以及(Sm/La)_N-La和Ce/Ce~*-(Sm/La)_N图解均表明,二长花岗岩所有锆石晶体为岩浆成因;其中第一组锆石加权平均年龄为420～419Ma,代表了岩浆结晶年龄。该花岗岩SiO_2含量为71.48%～66.20%、K_2O/Na_2O值为1.24～0.99、A/CNK1.1;结合白云母和石榴石的出现、ACF图解、Rb-Th、Rb-Y的负相关性,山庄二长花岗岩属高钾钙碱性强过铝质S型花岗岩。同时,该岩石亏损大离子亲石元素Ba和Sr以及高场强元素Nb和Ta,说明系壳源物质部分熔融的产物。CaO/Na_2O值(0.14～0.07)、Rb/Sr值(8.27～3.83)、Rb/Ba值(1.48～0.82)、FeO~T+MgO+TiO_2含量(2.4～1.8)和二阶段Nd模式年龄(t_(2DM)=2031～1971Ma)进一步说明二长花岗岩的源岩是古元古代的富粘土的泥质岩。锆石的饱和温度和Ti温度计计算结果表明二长花岗岩岩浆形成温度为722～720℃,黑云母的全铝温度计则反映其形成压力为3.21～2.71kbar。结合花岗岩构造环境判别图以及华南大地构造演化特征,山庄花岗岩岩体可能是在后碰撞环境下由古元古代富粘土泥质岩于低温低压条件下部分融熔的结果。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)