2010年玉树7.1级地震震源区横波分裂的变化特征

本文对2010年玉树M_s7.1级地震序列的横波分裂的时空变化现象进行了研究.通过在横波窗内S波质点运动图的分析,从位于甘孜-玉树断裂带台站的地震记录中提取了S波分裂的快波偏振方向和快慢波之间的时间延迟.断裂带上3个台站的S波分裂的结果显示了NEE向快波偏振方向,与区域内最大主压应力方向基本一致.观测到了快、慢波到时延迟的趋势性变化,空间上,位于震源区甘孜-玉树断裂带的北支断裂上L6304和YUS台的到时延迟大于位于南支断裂上的L6303的结果,同时YUS台的到时延迟又大于L6304台的;时间上,YUS台的到时延迟在主震后迅速增大,持续一段时间后又减小.横波分裂现象主要由台站下方岩层中随应力分布排列的微裂隙控制,本文结果揭示了主震和余震过程中区域应力场的变化,玉树地震主震区的应力在主震后得到了释放,地壳应力向东南转移,导致了YUS台的到时延迟大于L6304台的;玉树地震的发震断裂是甘孜-玉树断裂的北支断裂,而南支断裂对其影响较小;YUS台附近的地壳应力在主震后得到了增强,随着余震活动导致的应力释放,后期应力减小.     

Variations of shear wave splitting in the 2013 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake region

In this paper, variations of shear wave splitting in the 2013 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake sequence were studied. By analyzing shear wave particle motion of local events in the shear wave window, the fast polarization directions and the delay time between fast and slow shear waves were derived from seismic recordings at eight stations on the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone. In the study region, the fast polarization directions show partition characteristics from south to north. And the systematic changes of the time delays between two split shear waves were also observed. As for spatial distribution, the NE fast polarization directions are consistent with the Longmenshan fault strike in the south of focal region, whereas the NW fast direction is parallel to the direction of regional principal compressive stress in the north of focal region. Stations BAX and TQU are respectively located on the Central and Front-range faults, and because of the direct influence of these faults, the fast directions at both stations show particularity. In time domain, after the main shock, the delay times at stations increased rapidly, and decreased after a period of time. Shear-wave splitting was caused mostly by stress-aligned microcracks in rock below the stations. The results demonstrate changes of local stress field during the main shock and the aftershocks. The stress on the Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake region increased after the main shock, with the stress release caused by the aftershocks and the stress reduced in the late stage.     

2017年8月九寨沟MS7.0地震序列S波分裂特征

采用质点运动判别法与偏振分析法相结合的方法,测定了四川九寨沟7.0级地震余震序列的S波分裂参数:快波偏振方向和慢波延迟时间,获得了6个台站S波分裂参数结果:位于余震密集区的L6202台有2个快波优势偏振方向(NNE向和近EW向),在主震后1个月其快波偏振方向为近EW向,随着余震的发生应力得到释放,其快波偏振方向调整为NNE向;L5111台无明显的快波优势偏振方向,体现了该区域复杂的地质结构和主震后应力调整作用;L5112台的快波优势方向为NNE向,与岷江断裂走向大体一致;位于余震密集区东侧的JZG台快波偏振方向为NW向,与塔藏断裂的走向一致;位于余震密集区南侧的L5110和L5113台的快波优势偏振方向为近EW向,与九寨沟区域应力场方向基本一致;各台站的归一化平均慢波延迟时间在1.2~5.0 ms/km范围内,L6202、L5112台的平均慢波延迟时间明显大于JZG、L5110台,反映出余震密集区的应力积累强于其他区域。     

2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震震源区横波分裂变化特征

对2017年九寨沟M_S7.0地震序列的横波分裂的时空变化特征进行了分析.通过横波窗内S波质点运动图的分析,从九寨沟地震震源区各个地震台站的近震横波记录中提取了横波分裂的快波偏振方向和慢波延迟时间.观测结果显示,震源区各台站的上地壳各向异性在空间上存在分区特征,时间上有随时间的趋势性变化特征.空间上,位于震源区北部余震区内的3个台站中,发震断层东面的台站L5112和L5111只有一个突出的快波偏振优势方向（NNE向）,而西面的L6202台有两个快波偏振优势方向（除了NNE向,还有一个近EW向）,体现了余震区剧烈调整的地壳应力和构造复杂断裂的综合作用;余震区外的3个台站中,震源区东部靠近塔藏断裂（东）附近的JZG台的快波偏振优势方向为NW向,与塔藏断裂（东）的走向一致,南部的台站L5110和L5113的快波偏振优势方向为近EW向,与区域主压应力方向一致;余震区内各台站的平均慢波延迟时间大于余震区外各台站,反映了九寨沟地震孕育过程中余震区的应力积累强于其周边区域.时间上,快波偏振方向在主震后前期离散度较大,随着时间的推移,离散度在后期有逐渐变小的趋势;慢波延迟时间在主震后较大,但随着时间的推移,也表现出逐渐减小,趋于稳定.横波分裂随时间逐渐减小和趋于稳定的变化特征反映了九寨沟地震在孕震中积累的应力,随着主震和余震的发生而导致的应力释放和调整,应力大小和调整幅度逐渐减小,后期趋于稳定.     

2013年芦山MS7.0地震序列S波分裂特征

本文测定了2013年4月20日芦山M_S7.0地震震源区及其附近台站的S波分裂参数,包括快波偏振方向和慢波延迟时间,最终得到了40个台站的S波分裂结果．结果显示:在地震主破裂区内观测到的快波优势取向为NE向,与余震分布的长轴方向一致;位于双石—大川断裂以西台站的快波偏振优势方向为NW向,与区域最大主压应力轴方向一致;位于荥经断裂附近台站的快波偏振优势方向为NW向,与该断裂走向一致．快波偏振优势方向随时间的变化结果显示:主震前位于地震破裂区附近的TQU和BAX台站的快波偏振优势方向均呈NE向;主震后TQU台站的快波偏振优势方向为近EW向,而BAX台站的快波偏振优势方向则不突出,反映出芦山地震主震前快波偏振方向受控于龙门山断裂带,而主震后受构造应力场的作用更加明显．此外,各台站的慢波延迟时间为1.25—5.40ms/km,在余震覆盖密集区域,台站的慢波延迟时间均大于3.0ms/km,反映出震源区的各向异性程度较强．芦山主震后,各台站的延迟时间随时间变化持续减小,反映出震源区地壳应力随余震活动逐渐减小．      

Upper crustal anisotropy observed around the Longmenshan fault in the 2013 MS7.0 Lushan earthquake region

Based on the shear wave splitting analysis of the seismic recordings at 17 temporary stations and three permanent stations, we measured the shear wave splitting parameters (i.e., the polarization direction of fast shear wave and the time delay of slow wave) to perform a systematic analysis of the crustal seismic anisotropy around the Longmenshan fault in the 2013 M_S7.0 Lushan earthquake region. We observed apparent spatio-temporal characteristics in the shear wave splitting parameters. The spatial distribution of fast polarization directions showed a clear partitioning in the characteristics from northwest to southeast in the focal region, which changed from NW-SE to NE-SW. In the northwest of the focal region, the fast polarization direction was oriented to NW-SE, which was parallel to the maximum horizontal compressive stress direction. However, the NE-SW fast polarization direction in the southeast of the focal region was parallel to the Longmenshan fault strike. For station BAX on the Central fault in the middle of the focal region, the distribution of fast polarization directions showed a bimodal pattern, with one dominant in the NE-SW direction and the other in the NW-SE direction. With regard to the temporal variation, the time delays were large in the initial stage after the mainshock but then gradually decreased over time and tended to be stable in the later period. This indicated that stress in the focal region increased to a maximum when the main shock occurred, with the stress release caused by the mainshock and aftershock activity, and the stress gradually decreased after a period of time. The scatter of fast polarization directions was large after the main shock, but over time the scatter gradually decreased, indicating that the Lushan earthquake caused a large perturbation in the local stress field. As the stress gradually decreased and was adjusted by the aftershock activity, the perturbation gradually weakened.     

四川宜宾地区S波分裂特征

本文采用纵横比与偏振分析相结合的方法测定了2013年4月25日~2015年12月31日四川宜宾地区10个台站S波分裂参数,即快波偏振方向和慢波延迟时间。结果表明,华蓥山断裂两侧台站呈现不同的快波偏振优势方向,断裂带以西的台站偏振优势方向为NW向,与区域应力场方向一致;位于断裂带以东的台站优势偏振方向为NE向,与断裂走向一致。在地震密集分布区域内的CNI台的优势偏振方向为NE向,与台站附近的断裂带走向基本一致。研究区域南段的3个台站(JLI、YAJ、XWE)优势偏振方向近NS向。各个台站平均慢波延迟时间在3.07~11.95ms/km范围内,慢波延迟时间最大的台站是CNI台,距离2013年4月25日06时10分M_L5.2地震震中位置最近,这反映出震源区地震波各向异性程度较强。CNI台站的慢波延迟时间显示,在2015年2月7日M_L4.8地震前观测到慢波延迟时间有明显的上升趋势。     

龙门山断裂带南段横波分裂分析

基于2009年1月—2015年4月芦山地震震源区 (龙门山断裂带南段) 大量地震的双差重定位结果,对固定台站 (BAX, MDS, TQU) 和流动台站 (L131, L132, L134, L135) 周围处于横波分裂窗内的地震记录进行了横波分裂分析.研究结果表明:除台站TQU外,其它台站的快波偏振优势方向与龙门山断裂带的走向基本一致;台站TQU处于前山断裂与一条SE向断裂的交汇处,其偏振方向具有一定的方位性,表明SE向断裂可能是导致台站TQU快波偏振优势方向偏离的原因之一.各台站位于1角区 (入射射线与裂隙面夹角为15°—45°的双叶区域) 和2角区 (入射射线与裂隙面夹角为0°—15°的区域) 的归一化时间延迟结果显示,除台站L135由于缺少震后持续数据外,其余6个台站在1角区内的归一化时间延迟在芦山地震主震后均逐渐减小.另外,从BAX, MDS, L134, L131这几个台站的玫瑰图中可见,芦山地震后快波偏振矢量发生了90°翻转现象,说明各向异性孔隙弹性 (APE) 理论在该研究区的适用性,即该理论可用于监测研究区的区域应力场变化.      

紫坪铺水库水位变化对剪切波分裂参数的影响

本文通过对2006—2009年四川紫坪铺水库库区8个地震台站记录的地震事件,采用剪切波分裂方法获得了水库库区剪切波分裂参数,并结合地震活动性与水库水位之间的变化关系,分析了紫坪铺水库库区地壳应力的变化特征.剪切波分裂结果显示该研究区域快波偏振方向有两个,分别为北东向和北西向,充分体现了紫坪铺水库地区地壳应力是由北西向的区域主压应力与南东走向的龙门山断裂带综合作用的结果.慢波延迟时间平均值为5.8ms·km-1,慢波延迟时间较大的地区位于库坝和库尾,分别是水库蓄水排水引起地壳应力变化最大的区域.对比慢波延迟时间的变化和水库水位的变化显示了慢波延迟时间与水库水位之间的一致变化关系,揭示了水库的蓄水排水对地壳应力的影响.     

玉树地区地壳介质的各向异性特征

本文利用2010年5月7日到10月18日玉树地震震源区及其周边22个地震台站记录的2010年4月14日玉树地震余震数据资料,使用剪切波分裂分析方法初步得到了每一个台站的剪切波快波偏振方向和慢波时间延迟,并分析了玉树及周边地区地壳介质各向异性特征.在该研究区域,甘孜-玉树断裂上部分台站快波偏振方向近于东西向,这一结果与该区域的水平主压应力方向一致.甘孜-玉树断裂带南段玉树周边的台站快剪切波偏振方向为南东向,与断裂带的走向一致,显示了此次地震断裂走滑性质的特征.位于杂多断裂和清水河断裂上的台站及其附近的台站,快波偏振方向与所处的断裂走向基本一致,多为南东东向.各个台站的慢波延迟时间结果分布在4.23~7.01 ms/km范围内,平均慢波延迟时间是5.68 ms/km.在甘孜-玉树断裂带和乌兰乌拉湖-玉树南断裂相交的位置慢波延时总体较高;而低值区位于打贝通-小苏莽断裂的北西端与杂多断裂之间的位置.沿玉树断裂带,慢波延迟时间的梯度值较大,本文这一结果揭示了慢波延迟时间的分布和破裂带的走向、余震的分布有很大关系.     

Spatio-temporal variation and focal mechanism of the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake sequence

Based on abundant aftershock sequence data of the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008, we studied the spatio-temporal variation process and segmentation rupture characteristic. Dense aftershocks distribute along Longmenshan central fault zone of NE direction and form a narrow strip with the length of 325 km and the depth between several and 40 km. The depth profile (section of NW direction) vertical to the strike of aftershock zone (NE direction) shows anisomerous wedgy distribution characteristic of aftershock concentrated regions; it is related to the force form of the Longmenshan nappe tectonic belt. The stronger aftershocks could be divided into northern segment and southern segment apparently and the focal depths of strong aftershocks in the 50 km area between northern segment and southern segment are shallower. It seems like 'to be going to rupture' segment. We also study focal mechanisms and segmentation of strong aftershocks. The principal compressive stress azimuth of aftershock area is WNW direction and the faulting types of aftershocks at southern and northern segment have the same proportion. Because aftershocks distribute on different secondary faults, their focal mechanisms present complex local tectonic stress field. The faulting of seven strong earthquakes on the Longmenshan central fault is mainly characterized by thrust with the component of right-lateral strike-slip. Meantime six strong aftershocks on the Longmenshan back-range fault and Qingchuan fault present strike-slip faulting. At last we discuss the complex segmentation rupture mechanism of the Wenchuan earthquake.     

2013年8月德钦—得荣M_S 5.9地震序列S波分裂

2013年8月28日、31日云南德钦、四川得荣交界地区分别发生M_S 5.2、M_S 5.9地震,采用纵横比与偏振分析相结合的方法,测定此次地震序列S波分裂参数,即快波偏振方向和慢波延迟时间。BZL流动地震台得到272对S波分裂参数,等面积玫瑰图显示快波优势方向为NWW向,与台站附近断层走向和地震序列分布长轴方向一致;在M_S 5.9地震发生后,快波偏振方向出现紊乱现象;观测到在M_S 5.9地震发生的前一天慢波延迟时间迅速下降,表明较大地震发生前地壳应力突然释放。     

首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究

本研究使用首都圈数字地震台网2002年01月～2003年12月的波形记录资料,采用SAM方法,进行了剪切波分裂的分析,得到首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性的初步结果.根据对有3条以上可靠记录的14个台站的统计分析,得到首都圈西北部地区的剪切波分裂的统计平均结果为: 快剪切波平均偏振方向为NE699°±445°,慢剪切波平均时间延迟为444±293（ms/km）.研究认为,NE699°±445°的快剪切波平均偏振方向暗示了该区域的水平主压应力方向,快剪切波偏振方向的第一优势取向揭示了NWW近E W方向的原地水平主压应力的构造意义,凸现了NWW向的张家口—蓬莱断陷带.通过快剪切波偏振方向,本研究进一步证实,位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向的优势取向与断裂走向一致,认为南口—孙河断裂和夏垫断裂是两个活动断裂,而八宝山断裂可能是个并不太活跃的活动断裂.华北盆地里的快剪切波偏振方向显示出复杂的分布特征,对应了盆地凹陷区里许多断裂互相交汇造成区域主压应力场受到局部调整的复杂图像.研究还认为慢剪切波时间延迟急剧的梯度变化可能与地壳深部的温度变化有关联.     

Regional features of coda attenuation of aftershocks of Wuding, Yunnan earthquake in near field

IntroductionSeismic wave is an important information source to analyze and study seismic source and internal structure of the earth. Studies of wave on different frequency ranges can provide many features of seismic source and internal structure of the earth. In recent years in quantitative study of seismic wave seismologists at home and abroad have developed a wide study field on the coda. Especially seismologists have done a lot of work in coda geneses, mechanism and its attenuation to explo…     

The characteristics of shear wave splitting in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake

Using seismic data of the aftershocks sequence of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake recorded by seismic temporary and permanent stations in the source region, with the visual inspection of particle motion diagrams, this paper preliminarily contains the polarization directions of fast shear wave and the time-delays of split shear waves at every station, and analyzes the crustal anisotropic characteristics in the source region. In the study area, the polarization directions at stations BAX, TQU, L132, L133, L134, and L135 are northeast, which is consistent with the strike of Dachuan–Shuangshi fault. There are two polarization directions at MDS and L131, which are northeast and southeast. The scatter of polarization directions suggests the complex stress field around these two stations where two faults intersect. For the normalized time-delays at every station, the range is 1.02–8.64 ms/km. The largest time-delay is from L134 which is closest to the mainshock, and the smallest one is from L133. The variations in time-delays show the decreasing at stations BAX, L134, and L135 because of the stress–relaxation after earthquake.     

云南武定地震余震近场尾波衰减的区域特征

根据地方震尾波散射理论，利用云南武定MS6.5主震后近场田心和云龙两个流动数字化台站记录的余震序列地震资料，以不同中心频率（1.5～20Ｈｚ）取样分频研究了近场尾波振幅衰减率（f ）的空间分布特征．结果表明，两个台站给出的尾波振幅衰减率（f ）存在明显的小区域范围非均匀性变化．位于主发震断层两侧的云龙台（东侧）和田心台（西侧）测得的尾波振幅衰减率（f ）值，当 f ＜6.0Ｈｚ时基本一致．相应的Qc（f ）值为66～120的低值；但在高频范围（f 6.0Ｈｚ），由于穿过主断层的近场尾波遭到断层破碎带强烈的吸收，因而云龙台测得的尾波振幅衰减率（f ）值，比不穿过主断层的田心台给出的（f ）降低30％，并讨论了产生近场尾波振幅衰减空间分布差异的原因．本文的研究结果还表明，波源因子A0（f）不仅与震源强度相关，也与频率犳相关，用1.5～20Ｈｚ求出的Ｓ波平均自由程犔在主断层东侧为30ｋｍ、西侧为40ｋｍ ，由此证实了地震波穿过主断层破碎带时有更强的散射．      

云南剑川近场横波特征及其与构造的关系

通过对1982年7月3日云南剑川Ms5．4级地震的余震震群近场记录的研究，为该地区存在横波分裂现象及上部地壳存在裂隙各向异性提供了直接的证据．剑川地区地震记录波形复杂，纵、横波视周期差异较大．横波快波偏振主要集中在NE45°和NW55°两个方向．7月20日ML4．8级强余震前后横波快波偏振取向变化显著，各台横波偏振方向震前彼此相对独立；震后整体上趋于有序．前者反映了地震发生前由于震源区应力集中在附近空间形成的应力分布的差异；后者显示出地震发生后由于震源区集中应力的释放带来的上述应力差异在一定空间范围的解除．该结果表明震源附近地区地震横波分裂特征不仅携带着地震处于相对平静期应力场的静态信息，而且也携带着地震发生前后应力场时、空动态变化的重要信息．文中还讨论了剑川地区构造对S波分裂的影响．     

A rupture blank zone in middle south part of Longmenshan Faults: Effect after Lushan M s7.0 earthquake of 20 April 2013 in Sichuan,China

On April 20, 2013, the Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake struck at the southern part of the Longmenshan fault in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. The shear-wave splitting in the crust indicates a connection between the direction of the principal crustal compressive stress and the fault orientation in the Longmenshan fault zone. Our relocation analysis of the aftershocks of the Lushan earthquake shows a gap between the location of the rupture zone of the Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake and that of the rupture zone of the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake. We believe that stress levels in the crust at the rupture gap and its vicinity should be monitored in the immediate future. We suggest using controlled source borehole measurements for this purpose.     

2019年四川长宁MS6.0地震序列S波分裂变化特征

本文采用质点运动判别与偏振分析相结合的方法对2019年四川长宁MS6.0地震震源区10个台站于2013年4月25日至2019年7月31日记录到的波形数据进行S波分裂参数测定,其中9个台站获取4条以上有效S波分裂参数.结果表明,震源区各台站的S波分裂参数不仅在空间上存在分区特征,还会随时间发生改变.快波偏振方向在空间上的...     

喜马拉雅东构造结上地壳各向异性特征

本文利用雅鲁藏布江下游台阵的16个台站2016年度的近震数据,通过横波窗内的横波分裂测量,在各台站总计得到369个有效的横波分裂参数对,分析得出喜马拉雅东构造结上地壳各向异性特征。空间上,各台站的快波偏振优势方向整体上自西向东由近EW向,转为NE向,然后转向近NS或NNE向,最后转向NW向。大部分靠近或位于活动断裂带上的台站的快波偏振优势方向与断裂的走向一致,主要体现在墨竹工卡断裂上的ZOS台,雅鲁藏布江断裂上的WOL,NYG,ZIB和DOJ台站,墨脱断裂上的BEB和DEX台站,以及迫龙—旁辛断裂上的BAX和DAM台站;而距离雅鲁藏布江断裂西段和东段各有一定距离的LAD和YIG台站,以及位于雅鲁藏布江断裂东段与嘉利断裂交会处的TOM台的快波偏振优势方向与断裂走向存在一定角度,但其与喜马拉雅东构造结主压应力场方向NNE向基本一致。上地壳各向异性整体体现了结构控制和应力控制的特征,但各台站的横波分裂参数并未表现出随时间的规律变化特征,这可能与2016年研究区地震活动强度较弱有关。研究区各台站间存在较大的横波分裂参数差异和自身离散度,反映出东构造结复杂的构造特征和剧烈的变形作用。