青海尖顶山锶矿床地质特征及成因分析

尖顶山天青石矿床位于柴达木盆地西北缘,矿体主要产于上新统狮子沟组上段含碳钙质泥岩及灰岩中,呈层状、似层状、透镜状,矿石以原生天青石矿石为主,品位较高,连续性好。含矿砂岩ΣREE值较低,平均为42.73×10~(-6),LREE/HREE平均为6.48;δEu平均为0.94,δCe平均为0.98;La/Yb-REE图中含矿岩石投点于沉积岩区,显示成矿物源具有多来源性特征;天青石矿的形成可能与深层地下卤水及盆地周缘陆缘碎屑物质富矿流体的补给紧密相关,表明该矿床成因可能具有陆源碎屑化学沉积型特征。     

黔中铝土矿矿床沉积环境及成矿作用

黔中铝土矿矿床产于寒武系碳酸盐岩层古岩溶侵蚀而上。为早石炭世大塘期沉积形成,含矿岩系由下部铁矿系和上部铝矿系组成。通过铝土矿床沉积环境和成矿作用的研究认为:①铝土矿成矿物质是多源的。来自盆地以北黔中隆起区; ②黔中铝土矿床形成于泻湖潮坪相环境,矿床主要产于泻湖洼地亚相、泻湖沟槽亚相和泻湖沼泽亚相; ③古构造、古岩溶对成矿区、矿床(体)的展布及矿体形态发育特征具有明显控制作用; ④晚期构造破坏含矿岩系和矿体。发生淋滤次生富集作用成矿。     

沉积岩容矿天青石矿床的发育特征与成因综述

沉积岩容矿的天青石矿床是锶最主要的来源.文章对全球该类矿床的资料进行了系统梳理,对矿床的发育特征和成因进行了综述和探讨.研究显示:①该类矿床的产出与含石膏或硬石膏的蒸发盐密切相关,或赋存在碳酸盐岩-蒸发岩沉积建造中,或出现在蒸发岩底辟环境;②多数为后生成因,表现为富锶流体交代石膏或硬石膏,或富锶流体与富硫酸盐流体混合、充填开放空间;少数矿床为同生成因,天青石直接从蒸发环境的水体中沉淀出;③后生天青石矿床中的锶可以来自不同途径,包括盆地流体与富钙矿物相互作用萃取的锶、碳酸盐岩重结晶过程文石转变为方解石或硬石膏转变为石膏释放的锶;同生天青石矿床中的锶来自沉积水体本身,沉积源区岩石提供了锶;④天青石中的硫来源于围岩地层中的石膏或硬石膏,有些矿床中的硫来自发生过硫酸盐还原作用后的(溶解的)石膏/硬石膏,而在个别矿床中,还原硫氧化成硫酸盐提供了部分硫;⑤一些天青石矿床中出现有铅锌硫化物,两者可以有成因关系,也可以无成因关系;⑥少数天青石矿床中重晶石含量较高,与高Ba/Sr流体与富硫酸盐流体混合有关.天青石从低钡流体中结晶时,钡在流体中含量的震荡变化会导致SrSO4-BaSO4固溶体的形成,从而使天青石出现环带或出溶结构.     

滇西北红牛—红山铜矿床构造特征与成矿关系研究

红牛—红山铜矿区位于义敦岛弧南段之格咱压性弧，矿床类型为与燕山晚期花岗岩有关的斑岩-矽卡岩型铁铜多金属矿床，矿床规模为大型。通过系统开展矿区构造地质调查，构建矿区"源-运-储-破"构造体系，结果表明，矿区构造格架为沉积构造、侵入构造、褶皱构造及断裂构造等构造系统叠加复合而成。沉积构造系统为主要成矿前赋矿构造，侵入构造系统为成矿前或成矿期导矿、赋矿构造，褶皱构造系统及断裂构造系统具有多期活动特征。断裂构造同时具有压扭性、张扭性及平移断裂等多性质叠加特征，主要呈NW—NNW向展布。成矿前红牛向斜对矿区成矿的空间分布具有决定性作用，矿体均产于红牛向斜中，同时成矿前红山断裂及次级断裂具导矿、配矿、赋矿作用，控制矿区成矿地质体的产出形态及范围，决定成矿的时间和空间范围。成矿期节理裂隙系统丰富了矿区成矿容矿空间，而成矿后断裂及次级小褶皱对矿区矿体进行破坏和改造，形成现今矿床特征。     

河南省内乡县午阳山矿区石墨矿矿床地质特征及成因

内乡县午阳山矿区石墨矿属于蛇尾-小岔沟与元古宙变质海相碳酸盐岩、含炭碎屑岩有关的石墨矿床成矿亚系列,属于沉积变成矿床。矿区内出露地层主要为古元古界秦岭群雁岭沟组和石槽沟组,石墨矿体分布于雁岭沟组二段内部,矿区内褶皱构造发育并影响区内主要矿体分布。     

云南省老许寨铜及多金属矿床成因及找矿潜力分析

老许寨铜及多金属床位于云南"三江"成矿带南段,形成于岛弧环境中,是一处较为典型的火山喷流—沉积型矿床。矿床形成主要受海相火山裂陷盆地控制,盆地中发育较为典型的"双峰式"火山岩。矿区成矿条件优越,含矿层位为上石炭统龙洞河组上段(C3l2)中的第二段,含矿岩性主要为角砾状流纹岩、沉凝灰岩及部分硅质岩。矿(化)体主要由位于上部的块状硫化物矿体及下部的细脉浸染状矿体组成,共同构成典型的"双层结构"。本文通过研究区域地质背景和成矿地质特征,结合矿区演化特点及矿床成因,对矿区找矿潜力进行分析,为本矿区进一步深部找矿提供理论依据。     

四川会理砂岩型铜矿的成矿条件及勘探应注意的问题

本文论述了含铜砂岩矿床的成矿模式及控矿主要因素。这些因素为矿区构造线方向,地下水运移方向,含矿砂体沉积时的古水流方向,有利岩性岩相带的空间展布方向等。并对这些因素之间的相互关系及它们在预测矿区远景时的具体应用进行了探讨。阐明该类矿床评价初期如何确定矿体延伸方向。对于莲藕状矿体,应重视无矿藕节地段地质因素分析,搞清是否是矿体的真正尖灭处,以免得出错误的结论而丢失矿体,从而在扩大矿区远景时达到正确评价该类矿床的目的。     

穆棱县光义石墨矿地质特征及成因浅析

穆棱县光义石墨矿为中型矿床,本文概述了该矿床的矿区地质特征,含矿层位,含矿变质岩,矿体规模,矿石类型,矿物及化学成份等.认为光义石墨矿碳质来源为生物有机碳,其成因类型属沉积变质型矿床.     

辽宁桓仁二棚甸子铜锌矿床地球化学特征及矿床成因

为确定二棚甸子铜锌矿床的成因,对该矿床的成矿地质背景和地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明,矿区内的含矿矽卡岩分为层状和不规则状两种类型,前者主要呈层状、似层状,与围岩整合接触; 含矿矽卡岩与寒武系徐庄组碳酸盐岩具有相似的稀土元素组成和一致的稀土配分曲线; 矿区地层中碳酸盐岩的Cu、Pb、Zn 等主要成矿元素含量明显高于克拉克值以及区域同类岩石的平均含量。结合S、Pb、C 等同位素资料,认为该矿床的层状矽卡岩矿体具有层控特征,成矿物质主要来自徐庄组沉积地层; 与燕山期闪长岩有关的接触交代型矿化形成了不规则状矽卡岩矿体,并对早期层状矿体进行了叠加改造。     

中国(天青石)锶矿床概述

中国 (天青石 )锶矿资源丰富 ,矿床以大型、特大型单一 (天青石 )锶矿为主 ,构成我国目前主要的工业锶源。依据成矿作用和成矿地质特征 ,将我国 (天青石 )锶矿床划分为沉积型、岩浆 热液型、沉积 热卤水改造型和表生淋积型等四大类七个亚类。主要产于印支、燕山、喜马拉雅三个旋回之中 ,不同类型矿床分别与一定的大地构造环境、沉积岩相、岩浆岩、热液及热卤水等作用有关。中国四川东南部、柴达木盆地东北部、苏南、鄂东南、云南云龙 -维西一带、陕西黄龙铺及四川攀西等 7个地区具有良好的找矿前景     

青海大风山锶矿床中天青石的成分特征

青海大风山是中国典型的陆相碳酸盐-硫酸盐沉积组合锶矿床,也是中国目前储量最大的锶矿床.文章对大风山矿床中不同产状的天青石进行了系统的电子探针测试,分析归纳了不同类型矿石中天青石的成分变化规律,发现同心圆状天青石中的SrO含量最高,其次是细纤维状、花朵状、钟乳状、假层纹状、粗纤维状天青石,隐晶质天青石含量最低.通过与江西省萍乡包公庙、宜春慈化、湖南浏阳永和海相碳酸盐沉积组合锶矿床、重庆大足、玉峡及干沟等海相碳酸盐-硫酸盐沉积组合锶矿床、云南金顶硫化物-天青石层控伴生锶矿床天青石的对比,总结了不同类型矿床中天青石的特征,指出青海大风山天青石矿床成分简单,除SrSO4较高外,其余均相对较低,有利于碳酸锶的提取和回收,具有很高的工业价值.     

华蓥山地区天青石矿稀土元素地球化学特征

华蓥山地区天青石矿各类型天青石的稀土总量(∑REE)均较低,为轻稀土富集型。巨晶天青石和条带状矿石之白色条带状天青石具铕的正异常,为热卤水成因,层状和条带状矿石之暗色条带天青石具δ Eu的负异常,与碳酸盐岩围岩一致,为沉积成因。区内天青石、碳酸盐岩表现为δ Ce的轻度负异常或无异常,与该区早三叠世嘉陵江组沉积时期所处的含膏泻湖相沉积环境有关。     

秭归岩溶流域锶的分布特征与富集规律

为探究岩溶地区水流系统控制下地下水中锶的分布现状及富集规律,本文以秭归茅坪河与九畹溪两个岩溶小流域为研究对象,于2016-2018年期间针对研究区典型泉点、典型断面地表水以及主要含水岩组的岩样进行了采集,共分析了415组水样数据,93组岩矿分析数据。研究结果表明：区域上锶多富集在以潮坪-潟湖沉积相沉积的嘉陵江组、娄山关组、灯影组地层中,且多以天青石、菱锶矿等矿物等形态存在;富锶地下水水化学类型主要为SO₄型和Cl型;在水流系统结构上,包气带以上地层中富锶矿物较少,主要受淋虑作用影响,浅循环地下水中的天青石与菱锶矿均未达到饱和,在少数深循环地下水流中趋于达到饱和状态;封闭还原且富含石膏、天青石的环境下有利于地下水中锶的富集。     

柴达木盆地西北部锶矿成矿系统研究

柴达木盆地西北部锶矿床是已知的世界上成矿时代最年轻的大陆热水沉积层控型锶矿床。区内锶矿成矿系统位于印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞带的前陆盆地内 ,其成矿作用发生在陆 -陆碰撞造山带的前缘 ;成矿构造和成矿流体对锶矿床的形成起着重要的控制作用 ;这些锶矿床是矿源场、流体场、能量场在一定时空条件下耦合的产物     

Nodular celestite in the Chihsia Formation (Middle Permian) of south China

The middle Permian Chihsia Formation of south China accumulated on a shallow shelf, and consists mainly of black to dark grey micritic limestone rich in chert nodules and organic matter. A unique type of nodular crystal cluster is distributed widely in the carbonate succession. Most crystal clusters consist of calcite. Some, however, are composed of celestite, and geochemical, microscopic and crystal morphological data suggest that celestite was the precursor of the calcite. The celestite developed displacively within the sediments during early diagenesis, before compaction and before local dolomitization of the host rock. Similar strontium isotopic values were obtained from the celestite clusters, replacement calcite, vein calcite and host rock. The values are within the range of middle Permian sea water. The strontium in the celestite was furnished chiefly by either diagenetic alteration of strontium‐rich marine aragonite to strontium‐poor calcite, or aragonite dissolution induced by aerobic oxidation of organic matter, or both. The sulphur isotopic values of the celestite are about 6–11‰ heavier than the sulphur isotopic value of sulphate in coeval sea water. Based on geological context, this difference is attributed to microbial reduction of porewater sulphate in the Chihsia sediments.     

Strontium distribution and celestite occurrence in Zechstein (Upper Permian) anhydrites of West Poland

The previous study showed that the Zechstein (Upper Permian) anhydrites have about 0.2% strontium with a remarkably small sample scatter. Our study of three lower Zechstein anhydrite units (Lower Anhydrite, Upper Anhydrite and Basal Anhydrite) from West Poland indicate that although often the Sr content is 0.1–0.2%, there are common deviations. In particular, a considerable part (28%) of the studied samples is characterized by lower values (<0.1%), and on the other hand ca. 15% of samples are Sr-enriched, and in those samples celestite was recorded. Particular anhydrite levels differ especially in the frequency of samples showing great Sr content. The greatest variation was found in the Lower Anhydrite. This agrees well with the conclusion derived from the sedimentological studies indicating that there was the greatest differentiation of depositional environments during the deposition of the Lower Anhydrite. The Sr content is a good indicator of brine concentration during the gypsum precipitation and it seems that the subsequent gypsum–anhydrite transformation itself does not affect the strontium distribution. The histograms of Sr content in the Basal Anhydrite indicate a slightly higher brine concentration than it was during the Lower Anhydrite deposition, and the latter in turn was higher than brine concentration during the Upper Anhydrite sedimentation. Celestite veins are clearly diagenetic in origin. The form of celestite occurrence and the increased strontium content (1% or more) indicate an additional source of ions that occurred outside the anhydrite series. In the case of the Lower Anhydrite, the supposed additional source of Sr was related to aragonite-to-calcite transition and squeezing of CaCl₂ brines from reefs into anhydrite series due to increased pressure. For the Basal Anhydrite this source could be related to brines derived from the Older Halite deposits.     

Strontium distribution and origins in a natural clayey formation (Callovian-Oxfordian, Paris Basin, France): A new sequential extraction procedure

Strontium is a good monitor of geochemical processes in natural clayey formations. In the Callovian-Oxfordian formation of Bure in France, strontium is sorbed on clay minerals and carried by carbonates, detrital minerals and accessory celestite. In order to determine the strontium distribution among these different phases, four-step sequential extractions (1. cobalt hexamine trichloride, 2. acetic acid, 3. EDTA and 4. tri-acid) were performed on samples from different levels of the clayey formation. The leachates were also analyzed for strontium isotopes, in order to determine the strontium origins. This sequential procedure is well suited to determining strontium distribution in claystones, although it is less efficient in clay-rich limestones and in celestite-rich samples. The carbonates (38-47% of the total strontium) show ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7070-0.7071) that have recorded the isotopic composition of the Callovian-Oxfordian seawater. Diagenetic carbonates (dolomite, ankerite and siderite) have almost not incorporated any strontium, which has been trapped by celestite during the late diagenesis. The major part of the celestite shows ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7069-0.7070) quite close to the primary carbonates. However, a second generation of celestite (0.7074) shows a slight ⁸⁷Sr-enrichment and is isotopically in equilibrium with the exchangeable strontium (27-48% of the total strontium with a mean ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr value of 0.70745) and the present-day porewater (0.7074). This very low ⁸⁷Sr-enrichment could be explained by the partial destabilisation of detrital minerals (feldspars, micas, clays) which exhibit ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios consistent with their pristine Hercynian origin (0.7229-0.7350). Diffusion of strontium from the subjacent Dogger aquifers (0.7076-0.7082) could also be invoked to explain the slight ⁸⁷Sr-enrichment.     

天青石中锶同位素组成测定——酸溶和碱熔样品分解方法的对比

利用酸溶法和碱熔法分解天青石样品，经过离子交换分离得到纯净的Sr，测定^87Sr／^86Sr同位素比值，实验结果表明两种样品分解方法得到的^87Sr／^86Sr同位素比值的偏差〈0.0001，证明在天青石锶同位素组成测定中，酸溶法和碱熔法都是可行的；但与碱熔法相比，酸溶法更简易并且利于本底值的控制。     

“三九”地区三江口铀矿床成矿作用及成矿模式

"三九"地区三江口铀矿床为华南花岗岩地区典型的中低温热液型铀矿床,其大地构造位置处于诸广山南北向构造带与诸广-万洋山华夏复式断隆带的复合部位,定位于遂川-热水断裂、上堡断裂、塘湾断裂和四方坪断裂所构成的三角形构造地块内。该矿床的含矿流体包裹体特征研究表明,其成矿期脉体形成时的氧逸度高于矿前期,且成矿期脉体含有较多的沸腾包裹体。矿床的稀土元素特征表明,北部九龙江地段铀矿(化)体为弱酸性环境下的成矿作用产物;南部石壁窝地段铀矿(化)体为弱碱性环境下的产物。岩(矿)石同位素特征表明,铀成矿物质来源具有壳幔源混合特点;水源主要来自于大气降水,部分来源于岩浆水。铀成矿过程主要经历了构造-岩浆演化、含矿流体形成及运移、矿质沸腾沉淀和蚀变交代叠加4个阶段。矿床的成矿模式属于"加气(ΣCO2)去气(ΣCO2)成矿"模式范畴。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定天青石中锶

将天青石试样经混合熔剂熔融,使锶转化为碳酸盐,水提取,过滤分离硫酸根离子,沉淀用盐酸溶解,加入聚乙醇,加热煮沸,稀释至一定体积。分取部分溶液于0.4mol/L硝酸介质中,加镧盐为释放剂,原子吸收光谱法(空气-乙炔火焰方式)测定氧化锶。方法适用于天青石中w(SrO)≤50%氧化锶的测定。