不同脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长、体组成和脂肪代谢的影响

在10%和18%两个脂肪水平下,分别添加0%、1.5%的胆汁酸,配制成四种等氮饲料,投喂初始平均体重为(45.78±0.11)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼8周,研究两个脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体组成和脂肪代谢的影响。结果表明:饲料脂肪水平升高或添加胆汁酸均能显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率,降低饵料系数(P0.05);相同脂肪水平下,添加胆汁酸显著提高了实验鱼的生长,降低了肝体比(P0.05)。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,组织中粗脂肪含量呈上升的趋势;而添加胆汁酸降低了组织中脂肪的蓄积,但全鱼与肌肉中水分、粗蛋白含量主要受饲料中胆汁酸水平的影响(P0.05)。胆汁酸能显著降低大菱鲆幼鱼肌肉PUFA含量(P0.05),增加SFA、MUFA含量。饲料添加胆汁酸能降低实验鱼血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量及谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性(P0.05),但饲料脂肪水平对血液生化指标的影响呈相反趋势。饲料脂肪水平的升高或添加胆汁酸均能提高实验鱼肝脏脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶、总脂酶和肠道脂肪酶活性(P0.05),且胆汁酸和脂肪二者之间的交互作用对脂肪代谢有显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,在2个脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸均能促进大菱鲆幼鱼的生长,提高饲料利用状况,促进脂肪消化吸收,降低组织中粗脂肪含量。     

饲料中脂肪水平及脂肪源对大菱鲆幼鱼生长和代谢的影响

本实验研究了饲料脂肪水平及脂肪来源对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)的生长、体组成及脂质代谢的影响。实验包括6组等氮实验饲料,分别以鱼油和豆油为主要脂肪源,设计3个脂肪水平(8%、12%和16%)的实验饲料(分别为F8组、F12组、F16组和S8组、S12组和S16组)。选取初始体质量为(13.01±0.01) g的大菱鲆幼鱼,随机分到18个养殖桶中,每桶30尾,采用定量投喂方式进行投喂,养殖周期56 d。研究显示:随着饲料中脂肪含量上升,饲喂鱼油饲料的鱼体终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率有增高趋势,F16组鱼体生长性能显著优于F8组;而饲料中添加过高剂量豆油(S16组)对鱼体生长有明显抑制现象。饲料中脂肪水平显著影响大菱鲆肝体比和脏体比指数,而鱼体肥满度则受脂肪源影响显著。实验饲料组成对大菱鲆鱼体水分含量和粗蛋白含量无影响,但显著影响鱼体粗脂肪含量,鱼体粗脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平升高而上升。饲料脂肪来源显著影响大菱鲆肝脏脂肪含量,豆油组肝脏脂肪含量显著高于鱼油组,且豆油组大菱鲆肝脏脂肪含量随着脂肪水平的升高而显著提高。进一步检测大菱鲆脂代谢相关基因发现,饲料脂肪水平及来源显著影响大菱鲆肝脏脂肪合成、氧化等基因表达。综上所述,大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中脂肪水平在12%～16%时鱼体呈现最佳生长性能,饲料中添加过多豆油显著影响鱼体生长及肝脏脂肪代谢。     

黄斑蓝子鱼幼鱼对蛋白质和脂肪适宜需要量的研究

采用酪蛋白为蛋白源、鱼油为脂肪源,配制脂肪含量为8%而蛋白水平分别为24%、28%、32%、36%和40%,以及蛋白含量为32%而脂肪水平分别为3%、6%、9%和12%的9种配合饲料,对黄斑蓝子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)幼鱼开展8周的生长试验,以研究其对蛋白质和脂肪的适宜需要量。结果显示,饲料中的蛋白质和脂肪含量对蓝子鱼的生长性能、饲料利用率及鱼体生化成分等都有一定的影响。蛋白水平过高(40%)或过低(24%)的饲料组鱼的生长效果较差;32%蛋白水平组鱼的增质量率和蛋白质效率最好、且显著高于其他各组,而饲料系数显著低于其他各组。鱼体的蛋白质含量随着饲料蛋白水平的增加而呈上升趋势,但水分、粗脂肪和灰分的含量不受影响。3%~9%脂肪水平组鱼的增质量率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率相互间无显著差异,但它们的增质量率及蛋白质效率显著高于12%脂肪水平组鱼,而饲料系数正好相反。肝体指数和鱼体脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平的增加而升高,但鱼体的蛋白质和水分含量受饲料脂肪水平的影响不大。3%脂肪水平组鱼的成活率较低。根据增质量率及蛋白质效率与饲料蛋白水平的二次回归分析,获得蓝子鱼幼鱼对蛋白质的适宜需要量为29.01%~34.37%;综合考虑上述指标,认为蓝子鱼幼鱼饲料中脂肪的适宜添加量为6%~9%。     

饲料中糊精替代鱼油对大菱鲆幼鱼代谢及免疫反应的影响

为研究饲料中糊精替代鱼油对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼代谢及免疫反应的影响,在饲料中蛋白质含量为45%的基础上,配制4组等氮等能的饲料(D1、D2、D3和D4),饲料中可溶性糖含量分别为1.93%、5.80%、15.98%和28.27%,脂肪含量分别为16.48%、12.82%、10.78%和6.64%,其中糊精为糖源,鱼油和大豆卵磷脂为脂肪源。在室内流水系统中养殖大菱鲆幼鱼((8.32±0.06)g),检测大菱鲆幼鱼的血液和肝脏中糖、脂肪和蛋白质代谢及抗氧化指标,试验周期为9周。研究表明:随着饲料中糊精替代鱼油水平的升高,大菱鲆的血糖含量、血浆胰岛素含量、血浆谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性(P0.05)显著升高。其中,D4组AST活性显著高于其余3组(P0.05),D1组ALT活性显著高于其余3组(P0.05)。饲料中糊精替代鱼油水平的升高对血浆中总氨基酸、总胆固醇(CL)和甘油三酯(TGs)的含量无显著影响(P0.05)。随着饲料中糊精含量的不断上升,血浆中溶菌酶、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)呈下降趋势。肝脏中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和CAT活性以及T-AOC也有一定程度下降(P0.05),但肝脏溶菌酶活性显著上升(P0.05)。当饲料可溶性糖含量为15.98%时,肝脏SOD活性最高(P0.05)。结果表明:饲料中,糊精替代鱼油既影响大菱鲆幼鱼的糖和脂类代谢,又影响其免疫力。在实际生产中,除了关注饲料中糖对鱼体生长的影响,还应关注糖对鱼体代谢及免疫的影响。     

饲料中主要能量物质对大菱鲆幼鱼生长的影响

于1999年6－8月，采用正交设计统计方法，对主要能量物质蛋白质、脂肪和糖类对大菱Ping幼鱼生长的影响进行研究。利用L16（4^3）正交设计了16组大菱Ping幼鱼饲料，在各级饲料中，蛋白质、脂肪和糖类的含量范围分别为36％－45％、8％－20％和0％－6％，共进行了60d的喂养实验，并对饲料及鱼体成分进行分析测定。结果表明，各主要能量物质对鱼体增重和配合饲料转化率的影响顺序为蛋白质＞糖类＞脂肪，且蛋白质的变化对增重率的影响极显著，对饲料转化率的影响显著。     

饲料脂肪含量对施氏鲟生长及其肝脏脂质组成的影响

本文报道了饲料中不同脂肪含量对施氏鲟生长及其肝脏脂质组成的影响结果，试验饲料是以酪蛋白质，鱼粉，糊精和纤维素等为主要原料配制而成的等氮和等能量的半精制饲料，以等量混合的海水鱼油，豆油作为肪源，试验周期为25d，结果表明；施氏鲟饲料中脂肪适宜含量为5．6－11．4％，最适合含量为7．5％左右，肝脏脂质含量和中性脂质含量随着饲料脂肪添加量的增加而升高，但在饲料脂肪适宜含量范围内各组间却无显著差异。     

不同蛋白质水平的饲料对南美白对虾生长的影响

采用鱼粉，豆粉等作为饲料蛋白源，加入等量的混合油（鱼油：豆油＝1：1），制成不同蛋白质梯度的试验饲料，研究不同蛋白质水平饲料对南美白对虾生长的影响，结果表明，不同蛋白质水平饲料显著地影响南美白对虾生长（F＞F0．01＝11．4），饲料中蛋白质为44．12％，能量蛋白比为33．0kJ/g时南美白对虾生长最快，饲料系数最低，体重生长比速最高，通过计算机拟合曲线方程并进行回归分析得出的南美白对虾配合饲料中适宜蛋白质含量为42．37％－44．12％，不同蛋白质水平的饲料对南美白对虾虾体蛋白质含量没有明显的影响。     

动植物蛋白源及牛磺酸对大菱鲆摄食、生长及体组成的影响

以初始体重(38.19±0.09)g大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为实验对象,分别以鱼粉和大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)为主要蛋白源,添加0%、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的牛磺酸,配制8种等氮等脂的配合饲料,进行8周的养殖实验。研究显示,SPC组大菱鲆终末体重、摄食率(FI)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率(PER)都极显著下降(P0.001)。牛磺酸对大菱鲆的FI未造成显著影响(P0.05),却显著影响了大菱鲆的SGR、FE和PER。随着牛磺酸含量升高,不同蛋白源饲料下大菱鲆的SGR、FE和PER均显著升高(P0.05)。SPC导致鱼体水分升高、蛋白和脂肪降低(P0.001),随着牛磺酸添加,鱼体水分有降低趋势,蛋白有升高趋势(P0.05)。蛋白源及牛磺酸对大菱鲆肥满度和内脏指数无显著影响(P0.05),但SPC组肝体比显著降低(P0.05)。SPC显著降低了大菱鲆血清总胆固醇及甘油三酯含量(P0.05),SPC组血清总胆固醇随牛磺酸添加而显著升高(P0.05)。研究结果表明,植物蛋白替代鱼粉条件下补充牛磺酸能够促进大菱鲆生长,并对植物蛋白导致的脂肪代谢异常有一定缓解作用。     

大菱鲆配合饲料中植物蛋白替代鱼粉的可行性研究

研究了植物蛋白豆粕部分或全部替代鱼粉对大菱鲆生长和消化酶活性的影响。用含不同豆粕量的饲料对4个实验组的大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus L．）在18℃下进行50d的饲喂实验，结果表明不同饲料配方下的大菱鲆对蛋白质和碳水化合物的表观消化率随饲料中豆粕质量分数的增加呈现下降的趋势；生长实验表明，30％豆粕质量分数实验组和10％豆粕质量分数实验组（常规质量分数）的生长状态良好，50d的体质量增长率分别为82．25％，85．3％，特殊生长率为1．19，1．23，饲料系数分别为1．35，1．28，蛋白质效率分别为1．44，1．49，各生长参数差别不显著。50％豆粕质量分数实验组及70％豆粕质量分数实验组生长缓慢；各实验组大菱鲆消化器官比重随豆粕添加量的增多而呈增大的趋势；不同饲料配方组大菱鲆蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力随豆粕质量分数的增多而升高，脂肪酶无明显变化。以上各实验结果均表明，饲料中以豆粕替代鱼粉量20％对大菱鲆生长无负面影响。     

大菱鲆幼鱼蛋白质消化特征及其对水环境的影响

采用单因素随机区组设计,选择平均初重34.5±5.5g的大菱鲆幼鱼225尾,平均分为5组(A~E),每组3重复。分别饲喂蛋白质水平45%,48%,50%,52%和54%的5种膨化颗粒饲料,研究大菱鲆幼鱼的蛋白质消化特征及其对水环境的影响。结果表明:随着饲料蛋白质水平的提高,幼鱼的生长性能提高,饲料系数相应降低;蛋白质消化率先升后降,在50%蛋白组取得最大;蛋白质摄入量、消化量以及粪氮排出量明显增加;养殖水环境中氨氮和亚硝氮的浓度也不断提高。特别是在50%蛋白质水平以上时,幼鱼生长性能提高幅度缓慢,而粪氮排出量和水环境中氨氮含量显著提高(p<0.05)。试验表明,大菱鲆幼鱼环保饲料中蛋白质的适宜水平为50%。     

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)种业发展及相关前沿技术应用

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)是原产于欧洲的重要的特有名贵鱼类之一, 于1992 年被引 入中国。由于大菱鲆大规模人工繁育技术的突破, 使其成为中国沿海重要的经济鱼类。然而, 在繁育 过程中, 由于缺乏有效的亲鱼管理, 导致出现亲鱼近交, 结果造成严重的种质衰退。因此, 为了维持 大菱鲆产业健康、稳定、持续的发展, 自大菱鲆规模化养殖以来又开展了大菱鲆的遗传改良工作。 本文从繁育和选育两个方面回顾了近年来国内外大菱鲆种业的发展历程及现状, 总结了大菱鲆种业 发展的前沿技术及应用, 并对大菱鲆种业发展所需的技术研发趋势进行了展望。     

大菱鲆四倍体的人工诱导研究

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为我国北方沿海主要的海水经济品种,其四倍体的获得对种质改良和三倍体的规模化生产具有重要的价值。到目前为止,有关大菱鲆四倍体的人工诱导尚未见报道。本文采用静水压抑制受精卵卵裂的方法,进行了四倍体诱导条件的摸索。结果显示,在14.8—15.5?C培育时,在卵裂前15min用67.5MPa处理6min可获得较好的诱导效果,其孵化率最高可达72%,染色体制片计数法计算其原肠胚期诱导率可达70%,初孵仔鱼流仪检测诱导率最高为73%。诱导组胚胎发育与对照组在形态学上基本一致,仅发育孵化时间比对照组略有滞后。     

Annual and spatial variation in the abundance length and condition of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima L.) on nursery grounds on the west coast of Ireland: 2000–2007

Turbot (Psetta maxima Linnaeus) is a high value commercially exploited marine flatfish which occurs in European waters, from the Northeast Atlantic to the Arctic Circle, the Baltic and Mediterranean Sea. In Ireland, turbot are the most valuable commercial non-quota species. Very little is known about their population dynamics in the wild, in particular during the sandy beach nursery phase of the life history. In 2000, a survey was established to assess flatfish species on nursery grounds on the west coast of Ireland. Eleven sandy beaches were assessed for 0+ turbot by beach seining, over an eight year period (2000–2007) during the months of August and September. The objective of the study was to estimate juvenile turbot abundance and size structure to determine if any spatial and annual trends existed. Large scale variability in the recruitment of fish to nursery grounds may be indicative of fluctuations in the adult stock. Turbot were found to recruit to five beaches consistently over the eight year period. Temporal and spatial variability in the relative abundance and length of turbot was discerned, with no apparent overall trend. However, certain nursery grounds were shown in most of the years examined to support higher abundances of turbot in comparison to other areas over the eight year period. Turbot abundances on nursery grounds were significantly correlated with mean spring sea temperatures during the pelagic stage. The condition of turbot did not significantly differ on an annual or spatial scale. Mean densities of 0+ turbot along the Irish coast were found to be similar and at times higher than other areas in Europe, ranging from 0.1 (± 0.3) individuals 1000 m^− 2 to 18.5 (± 6.9) individuals 1000 m^− 2. Mean turbot total length on beaches ranged from 3.8 cm (± 0.6) to 6.6 cm (± 4.3). The observed spatial and temporal variability in abundance and length highlights the need for long-term studies when assessing juvenile flatfish populations. Results from the present study have provided much needed baseline data on wild juvenile turbot populations which is severely lacking for this species both on an Irish and on a European scale.     

大菱鲆CD55负调控补体激活及其广谱细菌结合能力

CD55蛋白在哺乳动物中是一种补体调控因子,但其在鱼类中的功能未知。本研究探索了大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus) CD55(SmCD55)蛋白的功能。结果表明,SmCD55蛋白由344个氨基酸残基构成,含有一个N端信号肽和3个补体调控蛋白(CCP)功能域。SmCD55基因在大菱鲆多种组织中均有表达,其中,在肌肉中表达量最低,在脑组织的表达量最高。通过原核表达获得了重组的SmCD55(rSmCD55)蛋白,发现rSmCD55蛋白能够抑制大菱鲆血清的溶血活性和杀菌活性,表明其负调控补体系统的激活。此外,本研究还发现rSmCD55蛋白可以结合包括重要水产病原菌迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)、荧光假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguilla­rum)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)和海豚链球菌(Strep­tococcus iniae)在内的多种细菌,其中与哈维氏弧菌的结合能力最强。以上这些研究结果丰富了鱼类补体系统的理论知识,加深了对鱼类补体激活调控的了解。     

Annual and spatial variation in the abundance length and condition of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima L.) on nursery grounds on the west coast of Ireland: 2000–2007

Turbot (Psetta maxima Linnaeus) is a high value commercially exploited marine flatfish which occurs in European waters, from the Northeast Atlantic to the Arctic Circle, the Baltic and Mediterranean Sea. In Ireland, turbot are the most valuable commercial non-quota species. Very little is known about their population dynamics in the wild, in particular during the sandy beach nursery phase of the life history. In 2000, a survey was established to assess flatfish species on nursery grounds on the west coast of Ireland. Eleven sandy beaches were assessed for 0+ turbot by beach seining, over an eight year period (2000–2007) during the months of August and September. The objective of the study was to estimate juvenile turbot abundance and size structure to determine if any spatial and annual trends existed. Large scale variability in the recruitment of fish to nursery grounds may be indicative of fluctuations in the adult stock. Turbot were found to recruit to five beaches consistently over the eight year period. Temporal and spatial variability in the relative abundance and length of turbot was discerned, with no apparent overall trend. However, certain nursery grounds were shown in most of the years examined to support higher abundances of turbot in comparison to other areas over the eight year period. Turbot abundances on nursery grounds were significantly correlated with mean spring sea temperatures during the pelagic stage. The condition of turbot did not significantly differ on an annual or spatial scale. Mean densities of 0+ turbot along the Irish coast were found to be similar and at times higher than other areas in Europe, ranging from 0.1 (± 0.3) individuals 1000 m^− 2 to 18.5 (± 6.9) individuals 1000 m^− 2. Mean turbot total length on beaches ranged from 3.8 cm (± 0.6) to 6.6 cm (± 4.3). The observed spatial and temporal variability in abundance and length highlights the need for long-term studies when assessing juvenile flatfish populations. Results from the present study have provided much needed baseline data on wild juvenile turbot populations which is severely lacking for this species both on an Irish and on a European scale.     

Morphological and histological changes in the brains of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) with gonadal development

The brain plays a critical role in controlling reproduction through the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in vertebrates. Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) has become an economically important marine fish in Europe and North China. Previous research investigating turbot reproduction has focused on the role of the HPG axis in regulating egg and sperm production. However, the morphology and histology of the organs in the HPG axis have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the morphology and histology of brains in female and male turbot at different stages of gonadal development. The results showed that the brains of both female and male turbot were composed of seven parts that are typical of advanced teleosts: the telencephalon, diencephalon, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, myelencephalon, and olfactory bulbs. The telencephalon was well-developed and contained five distinct lobes, with the contiguous diencephalon at the caudal portion. The torus longitudinales and rostral torus semicircularis of the mesencephalon flattened along the dorsal surface, and the rostral corpus cerebellum was located in the dorsal portion. The actual total brain volume in mature males was significantly greater (p<0.05) than that of females with gonadal development. Notably, the pituitary volume in male turbot significantly increased (p<0.05) from immature to mature stage, but this difference did not occur in females. The data together illustrate a distinct sex difference in the turbot brain during gonadal development, providing insight into their HPG axes.     

大菱鲆的生物学特性和苗种生产关键技术

简要介绍了大菱鲆的形态、生态、生长和生殖等生物学特性以及胚胎和仔稚鱼发育过程中的形态特征变化,着重报道了有关亲鱼培育、控光控温和人工采卵以及室内水泥池苗种培育等人工繁育的关键技术。     

大菱鲆与牙鲆育苗异同的研究

本文结合多年生产实践,比较了大菱鲆与牙鲆人工育苗的异同,在人工繁殖、发育特征、苗种培育、营养与饲料、疾病预防等方面进行了研究,从而为大力发展大菱鲆与牙鲆的人工育苗、提高苗种数量和质量提供技术参考。     

Food and feeding habits of juvenile flounder Platichthys flesus (L.), abd turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. in the åland archipelago, northern Baltic Sea

The food choice of juvenile flounder (Platichthys flesus) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) was studied in the northern Baltic Sea during the years 1988, 1989, 1994 and 1995. The diet included organisms from 30 species/taxa in flounder (n = 306) and 10 species/taxa in turbot (n = 41). Flounder 45 mm mainly consumed meiofauna (dominating taxon: Harpacticoida, Copepoda) and larger fish (46–101 mm) consumed macrofauna (dominating taxa: Oligochaeta, Amphipoda and Chironomidae). In terms of biomass, macrofauna dominated for all sizes of flounders, and meiofauna was important only for the smallest fish. A strong seasonal variation could be detected in the diet. In spring, macrofauna dominated for all size classes of fish (only fish > 30 mm were caught in spring), while in summer and autumn meiofauna dominated the diets for fish 45 mm in size. Juvenile turbot (22–88 mm) consumed macrofauna and small fish. Turbot 30 mm consumed mainly amphipods, while > 30 mm turbot consumed mysid shrimps, amphipods and fish.The ontogenetic shift from meio- to macrofauna-sized prey in flounders occurs at a larger fish size in the northern Baltic Sea than reported in other areas, possibly depending on the increased relative importance of meiofauna in the northern Baltic. The seasonal variation in the diet could be due to seasonally changing abundances in the zoobenthos, or for the small fish (1-group, spring), to switching from meio- to macrofauna in order to optimize their energy gain. The 0-group flounders consumed meiofauna for a long period, possibly due to a learning-process or simply due to easy availability of meiofauna. Turbot has a much larger mouth gap than flounders, thus allowing them to consume macrofauna from the beginning of their benthic life.     

中间球海胆人工育苗附着基改良及不同规格种苗养殖效果的比较

人工育苗是我国培育中间球海胆养殖业种苗的主要手段,然而传统的海胆附着基的人工育苗效果不尽如人意,尤其是在控制稚胆剥离损伤方面。目前,海上吊笼养殖是中间球海胆人工养殖最主要的养成方式之一,而随着室内工厂化养殖技术的更新和优化,海胆的室内工厂化养殖产业发展迅速并受到广泛关注。为探明以软质塑料膜作为中间球海胆附着基的育苗效果以及不同规格种苗养殖的效果,分别使用硬质波纹板和软质塑料膜作附着基进行中间球海胆人工育苗,并开展了大、小两种规格（壳径分别为0.5 cm和2.0 cm）的海胆种苗室内工厂化养殖和海区养殖研究,旨在明确软质塑料膜替代传统硬质波纹板作海胆育苗附着基的可行性以及中间球海胆室内工厂化养殖和海区养殖效果的优劣。实验结果表明：软质塑料膜在采苗效率方面与波纹板无异,但在促进稚胆生长和提高存活率方面优势显著（p<0.05）;在不同规格中间球海胆种苗的工厂化养殖和海上养成研究中,相同养殖条件下,养殖12月龄的大规格种苗相较于小规格种苗在生长和存活方面优势显著（p<0.05）,同时工厂化养殖能确保更高的养殖成活率和更优的生长性能（p<0.05）,然而中间球海胆的工厂化养殖在...