基坑区块施工对邻近地铁隧道变形影响

城市中心基坑开挖对周围环境影响,特别是对地铁隧道的影响越来越引起人们的重视。杭州某基坑位于已运营的地铁1号线区间盾构北侧,基坑围护边线距离盾构隧道最近距离约20. 0m。为了保护临近基坑地铁隧道的安全,基坑采用分区块的施工方法。施工时,先把基坑分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两区块,Ⅰ区块再分成I-1区、I-2区,其中I-1区、I-2区采用钻孔灌注桩作挡土结构,I-1区、I-2区基坑北侧钻孔桩外围采用高压旋喷桩作止水帷幕,其余三侧钻孔桩外围采用TRD作止水帷幕,且支护桩间隙采用高压旋喷桩作止水帷幕。Ⅱ区采用TRD水泥土连续墙内插H型钢作挡土结构兼作止水帷幕。监测结果表明,分区块开挖的施工方法,具有变形量更小,隧道变形得到有效控制和保护,具有一定推广前景。     

高压旋喷桩在第29届奥运会青岛帆船中心陆域工程Ⅱ标段深基坑围护中的应用

介绍了高压旋喷桩在第29届奥运会青岛帆船中心陆域工程Ⅱ标段止水帷幕和基坑支护设计及施工中的应用，对止水帷幕的设计及双重管高压旋喷桩的施工工艺进行了论述。     

邻近建筑物的深基坑工程实例

沈阳华晨宝马新工厂主办公楼工程周边有邻近建筑物,其深基坑工程为坑中坑形式,基坑开挖深度为10．4m,局部开挖深度6．05、7．4m。为了控制变形,采用排桩＋旋喷桩止水帷幕作为挡土结构及坑内管井降水方式。通过对支护方案的选择和现场施工结果的分析,为基坑周边存在邻近建筑物、基坑上部存在独立基础的基坑支护的设计与施工提供一定的参考。     

苏州凤凰国际书城基坑监测分析

依据周边环境、地质条件与基坑挖深,对苏州凤凰国际书城基坑采用钻孔灌注桩加内支撑支护方案。由于该基坑紧邻地铁车站,周边环境复杂,依据有关规范制定了基坑施工监测方案,并对监测结果进行分析,包括深层水平位移、地下水位降深、地铁车站变位等。对于地下三层基坑的止水帷幕优先选择“两次提升、两次下沉”的三轴深搅桩施工工艺;局部落深区小范围内的第Ⅰ承压水位的降低对周边建筑物的影响不大。结论可作为区域性围护设计方案选择的参考。     

深圳东门61号大院基坑支护设计与施工

深圳东门61号大院项目临近地铁和浅基础房屋,基坑开挖深度17.15 m和18.60 m.基坑支护设计根据不同周边环境和地质情况采取咬合桩、冲孔桩、旋喷桩、内支撑及锚索等多种支护形式,运用三维数值分析方法对基坑施工进行模拟计算,分析了基坑开挖过程变形情况及其对地铁的影响,确保了基坑的安全施工,为同类基坑开挖提供了一个很好的工程实例.     

饱水砂层深基坑中悬臂式双排桩支护及地下水处理方法

结合实例,对常用基坑支护及止水方法进行了比选,介绍了在饱水砂层深基坑中采用的悬臂式双排桩支护及高压旋喷止水帷幕技术。通过理论计算和监测数据分析了双排桩的支护效果,并探讨了高压喷射注浆止水技术在基坑支护中的应用。     

北京地区桩间旋喷止水工艺的影响因素分析及改进初探

结合目前北京地区桩锚支护基坑旋喷止水工艺常见的设计方案及实际止水效果,分析了利用桩间旋喷止水工艺止水的利弊。总结了影响桩间旋喷止水工艺效果的主要因素,初步提出了桩间旋喷止水工艺的改进建议。     

广西地矿局科技业务楼深基坑施工实例

介绍了广西地矿局科技业务楼深基坑桩锚+高压旋喷止水帷幕联合支护形式、渗透系数试验、锚索试验，以及施工质量控制措施。     

王家官庄旧村改造基坑支护设计与施工实践

介绍了青岛市即墨区王家官庄旧村改造项目基坑支护设计方案与基坑支护实施情况,该工程地层条件复杂,地下水丰富,又靠近石鹏水库,环境条件较复杂,通过采用土钉墙与高压旋喷桩止水帷幕,基坑降水等技术措施的顺利实施,基坑支护效果良好,确保了地下车库基坑开挖、基础施工的安全,施工质量满足相关技术要求。     

大连临海超大深基坑旋喷桩止水帷幕施工技术

大连临海区域地貌为冲海积阶地,后经人工回填,地质水文条件复杂,既有天然沉积的土层和岩石,又有人工回填的透水性很强的杂填土。其地下水位受海水影响,下部为卵砾石及强风化基岩,基岩面起伏较大。地铁车站超大深基坑开挖采用桩基围护结构加止水帷幕,坑内深井井点方式降水。通过两次试桩及工艺参数优化,高压旋喷桩止水帷幕达到理想效果。     

Tectonics and oil and gas potentials of the Kolyma and Primor'ye lowlands and adjacent shelves

The impact of gigantic meteorites momentarily creates extremely high pressures and temperatures, leading to the formation of distinctive objects — impact breccias and impactites — at the points where they fall. The Zhamanshin crater is one such place. This annular structure has a diameter of about 10 km, contoured by a low rim made up of a body of shattered Paleozoic rocks thrown out from the ring's center, from depths exceeding 100 - 200 m. Among these breccias have been found pieces and lenticular bodies of remelted rocks — impactites, called zhamanshinites. These thermally altered rocks from a series ranging from baked clays to cinder-like, partly recrystallized substances, glass, and black drops and spattered droplets (up to 1 - 5 cm) of isotropic glass that undoubtedly hardened as they fell through the air. The refused neogenic substances formed by selective evaporation are characterized by a considerable deficit of K and Na, excess Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, a lack of H₂O, and a sharp predominance of Fe⁺² over Fe⁺³. Their characteristic shape and distinctive structure and composition suggests that these remelted droplets are tektites, which were called irgizites when first found in the USSR. Their occurrence in the meteorite crater confirms the idea of a genetic unity between tektites and impactites. Selective evaporation of the more volatile elements is characteristic of the surfaces of small planets lacking an atmosphere, but is not characteristic of the earth's surface. The processes and substances occurring at the impact points of gigantic meteorites are therefore unique on the earth, but highly typical of the surfaces of the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and other relatively small celestial bodies.     

RS和GIS技术集成及其应用

本文简要地介绍了ＲＳ（遥感图像处理系统）和ＧＩＳ（地理信息系统）技术及其集成的基本概念和方法。讨论了ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ技术及其集成的内在涵义、相互关系,认为ＲＳ是ＧＩＳ重要的外部信息源,是其数据更新的重要手段,尤其对于全球性的 地理动力学分析,更必须有ＲＳ所提供的覆盖全球的动态数据与ＧＩＳ的结合。反之,ＧＩＳ则可以提供ＲＳ所需要的一些辅助数据,以提高ＲＳ图像的信息量和分辨率,同时,ＧＩＳ可以将实地调查所     

Partition of magnesium and iron between Olivine and spinel,and between pyroxene and spinel

Partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg between coexisting (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ spinel and (Mg, Fe)SiO₃ pyroxene was investigated at pressures 80 and 90 kbar and at temperatures 840 and 1050° C, using tetrahedral-anvil type of high pressure apparatus. Olivine-spinel solid solution equilibria in the system Mg₂SiO₄-Fe₂SiO₄ were discussed in the light of the partition reaction. Partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg in both olivine-spinel and pyroxene-spinel systems can not be regarded as that between ideal solid solutions. By applying the simple solution model for the partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg, sign of the heat of mixing was estimated to be positive for all olivine, spinel and pyroxene. Relative concentration of Fe²⁺ in spinel in the pyroxene-spinel system is likely to cause some change in the chemical composition of modified spinel () or spinel () in the transition zone of the mantle. A considerable change is also expected in the transition pressure of to ( + ) and ( + ) to .Presented at the symposium Recent Advances in the Studies of Rocks and Minerals at High Pressures and Temperatures held in Montreal, 1972. Jointly sponsored by the International Mineralogical Association and the Commission on Experimental Petrology.     

自动化智能化地质岩芯钻探技术装备研发与应用

为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。     

自动化智能化地质岩芯钻探技术装备研发与应用

为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。     

Nano-Geology and Unconventional Oil and Gas

<正>Numerous Striking achievements have been made in micro and macro geology after the development for hundreds of years.Two trends branches of geology are divided into microcosmic nano-geology and macroeconomic astrono-geology with the enormous technology progress.The unique characteristics related to the nano-particles and nano-pores may be significant for     

红藻石和蓝藻石概念及分类归属的综述和修订

在分析和总结前人对红藻石和蓝藻石研究成果基础上,结合岩石薄片显微镜下观察实例,发现在以往碳酸盐岩颗粒分类中没有红藻石和蓝藻石的合适位置。鉴于红藻石重要的成因意义和造礁作用,有必要明确红藻石的概念和归属。珊瑚藻本身极易钙化,经生物矿化作用最终保存下来的珊瑚藻屑一直放在生物碎屑中,而红藻石是由非固着的珊瑚藻构成的钙质独立结核,因此也可以被划分到生物碎屑中。蓝藻石作为蓝细菌钙化作用的产物,同时鉴于蓝藻石的广泛存在,把钙化蓝细菌形成的核形石命名为蓝藻石,这一重要概念从提出到现在一直被使用。然而蓝绿藻概念已变更为蓝细菌,蓝藻石的形成与藻类无关,显然将其称作蓝菌石更加确切。因此,应将红藻石和蓝藻石分别归为生物碎屑和核形石当中,并用新的术语蓝菌石替代蓝藻石。其意义在于使红藻石和蓝藻石的概念及归属更为规范,并为碳酸盐岩颗粒的深入研究提供有益线索。     

Resource-based industrialization and country size: Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago

There are scale advantages in resource-based industrialization (RBI). Trinidad and Tobago's small size meant that its RBI projects resulted in: relatively low revenue retention, heavy dependence on export markets, skilled personnel shortages and severe ‘Dutch disease’ effects. However Venezuela squandered its size advantage because its RBI strategy was over-ambitious. Instead of taking advantage of its ample scope for risk-reducing diversification, Venezuela concentrated largely on metals processing in a single location. Although it captured more backward linkage than Trinidad and Tobago it did so at high cost as a result of inefficient project execution. Worse, Venezuela's metals projects greatly exceeded its sizeable domestic demand, overtaxed its human resources and exacerbated existing distortions in the economy. Since poorly implemented RBI projects can overwhelm even a large developing economy, RBI is risky and should therefore only be pursued as part of a flexible, broadly-based diversification drive.     

矿物——成矿与找矿

单颗粒矿物微量元素激光原位定量分析测试数据的大量积累和研究,使矿物成为矿床地球化学研究和矿床勘查的重要示踪剂。本文重点选择磁铁矿、磷灰石、石榴子石、榍石、锆石、绿泥石和绿帘石等的原位分析研究所获得的认识,介绍单颗粒矿物成分组合及变化在矿床类型划分、成矿年龄测定、氧逸度、成矿过程与物质来源、找矿与勘探等方面的应用。不同矿床类型中普遍存在的矿物,如磁铁矿、磷灰石等的微量元素含量及组合差异,提供了矿床类型识别的标志。单颗粒矿物,特别是矿石矿物和密切共生矿物如锡石、铌钽铁矿、赤铁矿、石榴子石、方解石等的原位定年,使成矿年龄的直接准确测定成为现实。矿物中变价元素,如Fe、V、Mn、Ce、Eu含量和/或比值的变化,指示了成矿过程氧逸度及其变化特点。从矿物核部向震荡环带与边部的微量元素含量或同位素组成的变化,示踪了成矿过程中流体来源或性质的变化。斑岩和矽卡岩矿床中与成矿作用关系密切的蚀变矿物,如绿泥石、绿帘石的形成温度、特征微量元素比值,如Ti/Sr、Ti/Co、V/Ni、Mg/Sr等,与距矿床中心距离呈线性函数关系,可定量预测距矿床中心的距离,使以绿泥石、绿帘石为代表的找矿指示矿物研究迅速发展。