内蒙古苏尼特右旗白垩纪A型花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

兴蒙造山带中段苏尼特右旗北部敖包吐岩体主要由二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩组成,LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为143.37±0.83Ma和142.58±0.61Ma,时代为早白垩世,代表着区域上燕山期最广泛的一期岩浆活动。地球化学分析表明,敖包岩体具高硅(71.68%~76.65%)、高碱(7.51%~9.01%))、低铝(12.01%~14.10%)、富铁、贫钙、贫镁特点,属于高钾钙碱性-碱性过渡系列花岗岩;稀土元素丰度中等,呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾模式。微量元素特征表现为大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Th、U、K相对较为富集,高场强元素(HFSE)Nd、Ta、Zr和Hf相对富集,而Ba、Sr、P、Ti强烈亏损。上述特征与典型的A1型板内花岗岩相似,其成因可能为在岩石圈伸展环境下,大陆拉张减薄导致软流圈物质上涌,岩浆与上地壳发生混染而形成。     

河南内乡茶庵岩体岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

茶庵岩体位于秦岭造山带东段,岩体的主要岩性为二云母花岗岩。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,茶庵岩体w(SiO2)为73.22%~75.29%,w(K_2O)为4.11%~4.74%,w(Na_2O)为3.68%~4.34%,w(Al_2 O_3)为13.90%~15.31%,具有高钾钙碱性和过铝质(ACNK=1.03~1.17)特征。岩石稀土总量较低(22.02×10-6~84.18×10-6),轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,具有Eu的负异常,岩体富集Rb、U、Hf和Y,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta和Ti,显示出I型花岗岩的特点,形成于碰撞造山后的伸展构造环境。     

甘肃北山中泥盆世哈尔特尔德勒花岗岩体的地球化学特征及其构造意义

牛圈子哈尔特尔德勒岩体具有高硅(Si72.2%)、高碱(AR=2.9~5.1,K2O=3.86%~5.49%,Na2O=3.04%~3.83%)和高FeOT/MgO值(3.29~13.47)、低Al_2O_3(11.48%~13.42%)、贫CaO(0.57%~2.27%)和MgO(0.14%~0.78%)、低FeO T(1.33%~2.34%)的特征,A/NK值为1.43~1.77,A/CNK值为1.35~1.4,为过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩。ΣREE较高,LREE略富集((La/Yb)N=4.9~16),轻重稀土元素分馏不明显,Eu负异常明显(δEu=0.12~0.21);相对富集Rb、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti,Eu,并弱亏损Ta、Nb等元素;同时具有与地壳更为接近的Nb/Ta与Nd/Th值,显示了A(A2)型花岗岩的特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石定年获得哈尔特尔德勒岩体的206Pb/238U年龄为371.7±2.9 Ma,代表该岩体的形成年龄,表明其为中泥盆世岩浆活动的产物。结合区域构造演化以及与区域同时代A型花岗岩的对比显示,该岩体形成于后碰撞伸展环境。     

西准噶尔北部比图岩体的地球化学特征及构造环境

选择西准噶尔北部晚志留世比图岩体进行系统的岩石学、地球化学特征研究,揭示其岩石成因及形成的大地构造环境。比图岩体岩性以钾长花岗岩为主,边部为碱性花岗岩、正长岩和闪长岩。钾长花岗岩和正长岩贫Mg O(0.3%~0.5%)、CaO(0.8%~1.1%),稀土含量高(105~204μg/g),Eu异常明显,属于碱性高分异I型花岗岩;碱性花岗岩富碱(6.8%)、贫Al_2O_3(9.9%),稀土含量较高(271μg/g),极度亏损Sr、Ba、Eu,属于典型的A型花岗岩。闪长岩富MgO(4.1%)和CaO(7.5%),稀土含量较高(93μg/g),属于高钾钙碱性系列,源自富水地幔的部分熔融。岩体地球化学特征表明比图钾长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、正长岩均是新生地壳部分熔融之后不同程度结晶分异的产物;比图岩体的各种岩性普遍具有富碱、轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(Rb、K),弱亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta)的地球化学特征,形成于后碰撞的伸展环境。     

浙东地区东园花岗岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

浙东地区岩浆岩广泛分布,受区域构造控制较明显,总体沿北东向余姚-丽水断裂带分布。本文对东园花岗岩体开展了详细的年代学和岩石地球化学研究。东园岩体主要由二长花岗岩、石英二长岩和少量花岗岩组成,主岩体二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为235.6±0.7 Ma(MSWD=0.97,2σ),花岗岩为238.1±0.8 Ma(MSWD=1.3,2σ),均属中三叠世产物。二长花岗岩和石英二长岩为准铝质-弱过铝质的钙碱性花岗岩,具高硅(62.94%~75.29%)、富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=8.17%~9.34%)且富钾(K_2O=4.54%~5.63%)的特征,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有较强的Eu正异常(δEu=0.94~2.43),明显亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、P、Ti,而相对富集Th、Hf,富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb,相对贫Ba。岩体属高(-中等)分异I型花岗岩,岩浆来源于具弧属性的加厚地壳部分熔融,形成于同碰撞向后碰撞阶段转变的大地构造环境,可能与太平洋板块向华南板块俯冲作用事件有关。     

金川县独松岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征

首次获得四川金川县南部的独松岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为200.9±4.3Ma。该岩体属钙碱性系列,富硅、低镁铁、富铝、富钾钠,K_2O较Na_2O偏高,富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb,贫Ba、Sr,高场强元素富等,贫Ta、Nb、Ti、P、Nb、Ta。稀土元素低-中等,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,轻重稀土分馏较明显。具弱的负铕异常,无明显的铈异常,具有基本一致的配分模式特征。独松岩体岩石类型为S型花岗岩,在Barbarin的划分方案中属于富钾钙碱性花岗岩类(KCG)。可能形成于造山阶段后碰撞环境。     

金川县独松岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征

首次获得四川金川县南部的独松岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为200.9±4.3Ma。该岩体属钙碱性系列,富硅、低镁铁、富铝、富钾钠,K_2O较Na_2O偏高,富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb,贫Ba、Sr,高场强元素富等,贫Ta、Nb、Ti、P、Nb、Ta。稀土元素低-中等,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,轻重稀土分馏较明显。具弱的负铕异常,无明显的铈异常,具有基本一致的配分模式特征。独松岩体岩石类型为S型花岗岩,在Barbarin的划分方案中属于富钾钙碱性花岗岩类(KCG)。可能形成于造山阶段后碰撞环境。     

北天山四棵树岩体地球化学特征及地质意义

四棵树岩体侵入于北天山蛇绿混杂岩带巴音沟蛇绿岩,属"钉合岩体"。通过对四棵树岩体进行详细的地球化学分析,该岩体主要组成为闪长岩、花岗闪长岩及二长花岗岩,SiO2含量为63.3%~68.9%,富碱,铁、镁、钙,钛含量较低,贫磷,具有偏铝质I型花岗岩特征。相对富集轻稀土而亏损重稀土,具明显铕负异常(δEu=0.4~0.7),富集大离子亲石元素K,Rb,Ba及Th,亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Zr及Hf。四棵树岩体可能来源于由洋壳和岛弧建造组成的年轻地壳,结合区域地质背景,认为该岩体形成的构造背景为后碰撞构造环境。     

江西于都马岭岩体地球化学特征及其找矿意义

马岭岩体是大埠岩体的一部分,大埠岩体已发现有铀、钨(锡)矿产。地球化学特征显示马岭花岗岩属陆内S型花岗岩,呈钙碱性、过铝质,具富硅[w(SiO2)为73.73%~75.73%]、略富碱[w(K2O+Na2O)为7.63%~8.63%]、高钾[w(K2O)为3.99%~5.60%]和低钙[w(CaO)为0.239%~0.662%]特点,铝饱和指数A/NCK为1.04~1.20。稀土元素配分曲线呈LREE富集、HREE亏损,具强负铕异常的"V"字型,大离子亲石元素富集,Ba、Sr、P、Ti亏损,Al2O3/TiO2比值100,低Sr高Yb的特征表明马岭花岗岩体形成是古老陆壳物质部分熔融的产物,原岩部分熔融的温度875℃,岩体形成时的压力较低、深度较浅。结合华南成矿花岗岩地球化学特征分析,马岭花岗岩体具铀、钨(锡)矿成矿潜力。     

新疆西准噶尔阿克图约克花岗闪长岩地球化学特征、锆石LA-ICP-MS年龄及地质意义

阿克图约克花岗闪长岩富黑云母,具较高SiO_2(61.53%~67.01%),低里特曼指数(1.8~2.25),富钠贫钾,A/CNK小于1,稀土元素总量中等(∑REE=64.64×10~(-6)~76.12×10~(-6)),弱Eu亏损,富集大离子亲石元素(Th,K,Ba,LREE),亏损HREE和高场强元素(Ti,Ta,Nb,P),Nb/Ta小于1等特征。该岩体为钙碱性系列准铝质花岗闪长岩,并具I型花岗岩特征。岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(329.7±1.9)Ma,早于苏云河含矿岩体,为早石炭世洋壳俯冲背景下的火山弧花岗岩,暗示洋壳闭合时限晚于(329.7±1.9)Ma。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.