北三家拦河闸的进水闸除险加固设计计算分析

北三家拦河闸除险加固工程由溢流坝、冲砂闸和引水闸组成,工程主要作用是以灌溉为主的枢纽工程。经过长期运行,进水闸底部漏水严重,多处出现纵横裂缝,基础有不均匀沉降,两侧边墙有不同程度倾覆,闸门丢失及启闭机锈蚀严重。通过对进水闸进行水力计算,进而对进水闸进行除险加固设计,能够延长进水闸工程的使用年限,对充分发挥工程综合效益具有重要作用。     

水电站进水口快速闸门水力学分析

主要分析水电站进水口快速闸门在动水关闭过程中流量、临界开度和闸门受水流作用力(闸顶水压力、闸底水压力和闸门水平压力)等问题。根据模型试验所观测的水力现象和非恒定流计算理沦,提出了计算电站闸门、引水管道的水力参数(流量、水头和通气孔水位等)的数学模型。实例计算结果和模型试验结果基本吻合。     

苏家屯区柳沟拦河闸过流能力计算与水位校核分析

为解决柳沟拦河闸存在的安全问题,使其满足设计要求正常运行,全面分析了苏家屯区柳沟拦河闸存在的问题,通过设计暴雨、排涝模数、排涝流量、洪水成果合理性分析等计算拦河闸过流能力,并结合设计水面线计算结果校核了拦河闸断面水位.结果表明:拦河闸段20 a一遇过流能力为122.88 m3/s,10 a一遇过流能力为81.46 m3...     

赵家套拦河闸工程地质条件及土基承载力评价分析

赵家套拦河闸位于蒲河流域,东起辽东山地,西至辽河平原,横跨两大不同地貌单元。通过对该工程场地所在地区的水文地质、工程地质和土基承载力进行评价,结果可知:从大地构造位置看,全流域处于新华夏系第二个隆起带的西斜坡地带上。整个闸址均建在蒲河平原上的蒲河上,前第四纪地质对赵家套拦河闸所有工程部位及工程周边没有任何直接影响,赵家套拦河闸闸基土主要由粗砂及砾砂组成,承载力高,可满足地基稳定要求。     

大型输水渠道闸前常水位的研究

南水北调中线输水渠道中,针对同时操作闸门是否仍能维持闸前水位为常值,模拟计算了同时改变渠首流量、闸门开度和分水口流量时渠道中的非恒定过渡过程。结果显示,中线主干渠中所有闸门开度不论是同时增加还是减小,渠道中的水流均需要很长时间才能达到新的恒定状态,且闸门开度减小比闸门开度增大所需的过渡时间要长很多。非恒定过渡过程中,闸前水位的变化幅度都较大,各闸前水位最终都能回复到初始时刻的水位。由于非恒定过渡过程时间很长,实际运行条件下,要实现闸前常水位运行方式还需要对闸门的调度方式做更多的研究。     

弧形闸门开高与开启弧长相关法

在应用水力学公式推求过闸流量,或对闸门流量系数进行实测率定时,闸门开启高度(简称开高)是重要的水力因素,也是利用水工建筑物测流的基本观测项目,其观测精度对过闸流量或流量系数成果质量有决定性的影响。     

闸门远程自动控制系统在位山灌区的应用

闸门调节是灌区工程中经常采用的手段,闸门控制的研究对于节约能源、确保水利工程的正常运行、提高水资源的利用效率和节约用水具有重要的意义。以位山灌区二、三干渠节制闸为例,详细说明了闸门远程自动控制系统的工作原理和操作技术,重点介绍了应用效果。     

清原县北三家拦河闸灌区水稻灌溉规模复核分析

清原县是优质水稻的生产基地,高标准农田建设发展迅速。北三家拦河闸作为清原县重要的引水工程,担负着闸址下游两岸2 400亩水田灌溉任务。本文就灌溉范围内水稻的灌溉方式、各时期的灌水定额、渠系水利用系数和灌水率进行计算,并对水平衡进行分析,结果显示:北三家拦河闸除险加固完成后,能够满足灌溉面积3 000亩灌溉用水量需求,可有效提高灌区粮食超量、增加人民经济收入,对农业产业化发展具有重大意义。     

靖安潦河灌区解放堰重建工程闸门及启闭设备设计分析

基于解放闸坝泄洪冲沙闸和灌溉进水闸闸门存在强度低,漏水严重,启闭设备陈旧,启闭困难等问题,需对该工程闸门及启闭设备进行设计分析。通过相关计算分析,确定冲沙闸工作闸门采用平板钢闸门,选用QP-2×250 KN卷扬启闭机启闭;冲沙闸检修闸门采用平板钢闸门,选用QP-2×160 KN卷扬启闭机启闭;灌溉进水闸工作闸门采用SPZ2m×2m-5m双向受力铸铁闸门,选用LQ-200KN-SD螺杆启闭机启闭。     

箱隔式拦河闸的抗冻胀研究与实践

传统的中小型拦河闸受冻害破坏较普遍而严重，新型的箱隔式拦河闸通过其总体布置，结果形式本身圆满地解决了复杂的冻害问题，不需外加任何特殊的防冻措施，箱隔式闸总体布置简单，阵线集中，薄弱环节少，受冻部位及面积小，基础在一个平面上均用水保温防冻，消除了基底法向冻胀力的危害，箱隔对称水平冻胀力大部分通过箱隔传递作用而衰减或平衡。     

Evaluation of alternatives for lowering the groundwater table in a village in upper Egypt affected by the construction of the New Naga Hammadi barrage

The Egyptian government is replacing the existing Naga Hammadi barrage, located across the Nile River some 450 km south of Cairo, with the New Naga Hammadi barrage (NNHB) to incorporate a hydropower plant and to improve conditions for river traffic. The new structure will lead to an increase in river water levels, both locally near the new barrage and upstream. The rise in river water levels will in turn result in changes in groundwater levels in the aquifer system up and downstream of the barrages. In this paper, an area is chosen, which is expected to suffer from a high groundwater table after the construction of the NNHB, to investigate the problem and propose alternatives for lowering the groundwater levels. The study area is a village called Bakhaness, with an area of 588 ha. It is located some 1.5 km upstream of the NNHB. A computer model (MicroFEM) has been used to simulate the groundwater conditions before and after construction of the NNHB. Alternatives for lowering the groundwater table are proposed, simulated and evaluated. The systems, which are assessed are a municipal sewer system, a system of perforated pipes in urban areas, and tile drainage with different values of efficiency in agricultural areas.     

人工冻土钻眼爆破法

冻结法是通过厚表土井筒施工的有效方法“冻实”和强化冻结是深厚粘土层冻结值得推荐的方案。实践证明，钻眼爆破法能够加快掘进速度，在保证冻结管安全条件下提高钻眼爆破效率，必须合理选择钻眼设备，优化冻土爆破参数，实现全断面一次爆破。     

Imaging of sand lens at a barrage site in the Indian Himalaya — a case study using cross-hole seismic tomography

Drilling at the barrage site of a hydropower project usually gives a reasonable picture of the sub-surface rock mass condition. However, when the overburden (OB) comprising river borne materials is very thick and the basement rock is deep, the drilling results become unreliable. In the present case, the depth to the granitic gneiss basement is 45m from the river level and the height of the proposed diversion barrage is only 24.5 m. For this reason, stripping of the overburden up to the basement is not considered feasible. Cross-borehole seismic tomography (CST) was carried out at the barrage site to investigate the inclusions and structure of the OB material in order to facilitate a foundation design suitable for permeable formation. Three sets of CST surveys were carried out up to a depth of 30 m between the three vertical boreholes that were prepared at the vertices of an equilateral triangle with a separation of 17.8 m. The tomograms precisely imaged the nature and disposition of the different constituents of the overburden material. A lens shaped low velocity layer (LVL) with seismic velocity V_p=2000–2500 ms^?1 was mapped at a depth of 14.5m from the surface. Hence, it was recommended to shift the barrage axis by 50 m towards the downstream side of the proposed axis. The outcome of this study proved valuable for the designer who finalised the foundation design. Successful application of CST in OB characterisation has reiterated the need of such studies for barrage site investigations particularly in the Himalayan terrain.     

Impact of rehabilitation of Assiut barrage, Nile River, on groundwater rise in urban areas

To make optimum use of the most vital natural resource of Egypt, the River Nile water, a number of regulating structures (in the form of dams and barrages) for control and diversion of the river flow have been constructed in this river since the start of the 20th century. One of these barrages is the Assiut barrage which will require considerable repairs in the near future. The design of the rehabilitation of the barrage includes a headpond with water levels maintained at a level approximately 0.60 m higher than the highest water level in the headpond of the present barrage. This development will cause an increase of the seepage flow from the river towards the adjacent agricultural lands, Assiut Town and villages. The increased head pond level might cause a rise of the groundwater levels and impedance of drainage outflows. The drainage conditions may therefore be adversely affected in the so-called impacted areas which comprise floodplains on both sides of the Nile for about 70 km upstream of the future barrage. A rise in the groundwater table, particularly when high river levels impede drainage, may result in waterlogging and secondary salinization of the soil profile in agricultural areas and increase of groundwater into cellars beneath buildings in the urban areas. In addition, a rise in the groundwater table could have negative impact on existing sanitation facilities, in particular in the areas which are served with septic tanks. The impacts of increasing the headpond level were assessed using a three-dimensional groundwater model. The mechanisms of interactions between the Nile River and the underlying Quaternary aquifer system as they affect the recharge/discharge processes are comprehensively outlined. The model has been calibrated for steady state and transient conditions against historical data from observation wells. The mitigation measures for the groundwater rise in the urban areas have been tested using the calibrated mode.     

阜阳华纺新天地超长空桩成孔施工控制措施

阜阳华纺新天地桩基工程,原计划基坑底面施工调整为地面施工,增加了近14 m的空桩。为此,工程桩施工质量存在桩位、孔底沉渣厚度、钢筋笼位置、砼质量、砼桩顶标高等方面控制的相关问题。本文介绍了其施工情况,其经验可供类似工程借鉴。     

桩基工程隐伏块石探测技术研究

海堤附近新建闸站常需要采用桩基进行软土地基处理,施工区域若存在隐伏块石层将影响桩基施工进度,增加施工成本,块石的空间分布特征亦对桩基施工工艺的选择起决定性作用。针对钻探法调查地下不规则分布块石盲目性大的问题,采用地质雷达与高密度电法为先导,并在物探异常区域辅以钻探验证的综合勘察技术对某闸站工程桩基施工区域地下块石进行了详查。依据勘察成果选用以旋挖钻为主的桩基施工方案,埋深小于6 m的成片块石区域采用井点降水与土方开挖回填相结合的施工工艺,局部埋深大于8 m的块石采用螺旋钻头或岩心钻头挖除,显著提升了桩基施工效率。结果表明:地质雷达与高密度电法用于探测地下浅部块石可优势互补,前者分辨率高,能体现部分零星块石堆的电磁异常,但块石与土层分界面难以判别,其异常特征表现为强振幅、波形杂乱,在纵向上伴随一定程度的多次反射;后者更适用于成片块石层的探测,较大粒径块石电阻率大于100 Ω·m,地下水位线附近的碎石电阻率小于30 Ω·m。研究成果可为软土施工区域地下深度6 m范围内块石的高精度探测以及对应桩基工程施工钻头的选择提供参考。      

Fossa Carolina: The First Attempt to Bridge the Central European Watershed—A Review,New Findings,and Geoarchaeological Challenges

The Central European watershed passes through the southern Franconian Jura in Bavaria, Germany. This principal watershed divides the Rhine/Main catchment and the Danube catchment. In the early Middle Ages, when ships were an important means of transportation, Charlemagne decided to connect these catchments by the construction of a canal known as the Fossa Carolina. In this paper, we present for the first time ¹⁴C data from the Fossa Carolina fill and document a high‐resolution stratigraphic record of the Carolingian and post‐Carolingian trench infilling. Our results provide clear evidence for peat layers in different levels of the trench infill, suggesting a chain of ponds. However, the majority of these peat layers yield mid‐Medieval and younger ages. The period of major peat growth was during the Medieval climatic optimum. Therefore, our preliminary results do not prove the use of the trench during Carolingian times. However, first results from the reconstruction of the Carolingian trench bottom support the hypothesis that the Fossa was primarily planned as a navigable chain of ponds and not as a continuous canal. In the eastern part of the trench, a dam is located that was postulated in former studies to be part of a barrage for supplying the Carolingian canal with water. New ¹⁴C data indicate much younger ages and do not support the Carolingian barrage concept.     

Impacts of barrage flushing and flooding in operations on upstream total suspended solids

This study looks into the impacts of Sarawak Barrage (located in Kuching City, State of Sarawa Malaysia) flushing and flooding-in operations on upstream total suspended solids (TSS). Water samples were collected from three upstream stations on 17^th, 18^th and 19^th of August 2000. During flushing, it was observed that TSS levels increased over a distance of 11 km upstream. Maximum TSS recorded 250 mg/L at 1.5 km, 120 mg/L at 6 km, and 85 mg/L at 11 km upstream. During flushing, TSS levels increased with depth, and upstream turbulence intensities were indirectly proportional to distance from barrage. During flooding-in operation, TSS decreased from 249 to 155 mg/L at 1.5 km near the bottom, while surface TSS decreased from 86 to 58 mg/L. Generally, during flooding-in operation, TSS increased from 90 to 116 mg/L between 6 and 11 km. During flooding-in operation, maximum bottom TSS recorded 216 mg/L at 6 km upstream. Differences between bottom and mid-depth TSS levels were relatively minimal ranging from 19 to 45 mg/L, whilst the maximum difference between mid-depth and surface TSS was as high as 78 mg/L. After 9 hours of gate closure, a well-mixed regime prevailed from 6 to 11 km upstream with TSS ranged from 35 to 47 mg/L at all the monitoring points regardless of depths.     

梧桐庄矿新增大口径3号排水孔施工技术

介绍了梧桐庄矿大口径排水孔钻探成井、固井施工技术。该孔设计孔深646 m,终孔直径520 mm,落点坐标水平位移≯5 m,下入重达90余吨的Φ426 mm套管646 m,水泥固井。由于钻孔直径大,垂直度要求高,施工难度大,预防钻孔超斜、确保顺利安全下入Φ426 mm套管并固井是关键。通过采用小口径先导孔钻进再扩孔成井的施工方法,并采取合理的钻具组合和泥浆,制定有效的防斜技术和下套管措施等,顺利完成了施工任务,施工质量满足设计要求。