江苏省新沂市小焦榴辉岩型金红石矿床的特征及成因初探

江苏小焦榴辉岩型金红石矿床是苏鲁超高压变质带中发现的品位最富、连续宽度最大的大型矿床,它与超高压变质榴辉岩密切相关。矿体主要赋存在含金红石的块状榴辉岩中,呈似层状、长条状和透镜状产出。地球化学特征表明榴辉岩的原岩为来自上地幔或壳幔过渡区的基性至超基性岩。金红石在矿石中主要呈包裹体、粒间充填、蚀变残余、热液充填4种赋存形式,分别代表了4个不同的形成及演化阶段。电子探针分析结果显示,在高压、超高压变质作用期间,富含Na的深部流体对金红石的成矿可能起了重要的作用。研究表明该矿床属典型的榴辉岩型金红石矿床,在成因上与超高压变质作用有关,类似于挪威的Engebfjellet、俄罗斯的Shubino矿床和意大利的PianPaludo矿床,而不同于中国已知的主要金红石矿床。此外,通过本次研究以及对普查和勘探资料的总结,提出了该类矿床的主要找矿标志。     

苏鲁超高压变质带南部浅变质岩的全岩Rb-Sr同位素年龄

提供了苏鲁超高压变质带南部震旦纪浅变质千枚岩的全岩Rb Sr同位素年龄测试数据 ,获得了 2 2 1± 14Ma的等时线年龄。对测试结果的分析认为 :该年龄为浅变质岩的变质年龄。区域调查对比表明 ,低绿片岩相变质作用在造山带组成岩石中普遍存在 ,并叠加于超高压变质岩石 ,因而上述年龄代表在印支期存在普遍的退变质作用年龄。浅变质岩中印支期同位素年龄的获得 ,对正确认识超高压变质带的演化具有重要意义。     

南大别山碧溪岭榴辉岩加里东期 Ar-Ar年代学信息

笔者曾尝试把热液矿床流体包裹体 Ar- Ar定年技术应用于碧溪岭超高压变质榴辉岩石榴子石流体包裹体定年研究 , 并获得了石榴子石流体包裹体 Ar- Ar等时线年龄～ 450Ma.为了探索这个年龄信息的地质意义 , 继续开展了更广泛的研究工作 , 结果表明,加里东期年龄信息也记录于碧溪岭其他榴辉岩露头的石榴子石流体包裹体中 , 它们的 Ar- Ar年龄谱和等时线非常相似 ; 而碧溪岭榴辉岩体中的花岗片麻岩之角闪石和黑云母的 Ar- Ar年龄谱平坦 , 其等时线年龄分别为 (275± 18) Ma和 (273± 4) Ma, 明显早于当前主流学术观点的超高压峰期变质年龄 240～ 220 Ma.这些 Ar- Ar年龄将有助于进一步认识大别-苏鲁地区超高压变质作用历史.     

苏北高压超高压变质成矿系列

苏北高压-超高压变质带经历了5期以上变质作用,其中至少有两期高压或超高压变质作用,伴生有金红石、蓝晶石、磨料石榴石、石榴红宝石、金刚石、红刚玉及水晶等矿产。它们是一个与榴辉岩、超镁铁岩有关的,高压一超高压变成或幔成成矿系列。     

江苏东海—中国第一口大陆科学钻探的最佳选区之一

江苏东海位于中国巨型秦岭一大别－苏鲁超高压变质带东段，在该地区实施中国第一口大陆科学钻探既具有了解古变质造山带动力学机制和壳幔作用的重大理论意义，也具有探索榈矿化和郯庐断裂带及其对地震影响的现实意义。苏北工海选区具有构造位置独特，变质造山带根部暴露最浅，超高压岩石及矿物最为丰富，构造层次多，无中生代花岗岩类分布，矿床种类多，勘查程度高，已有大量钻孔成果，施工条件优越等优点。作为大别－苏鲁超高压带最     

与区域变质作用有关的钨矿床及控矿因素

区域变质和超变质作用是受变质岩石中钨元素聚集定位而形成矿床的重要地质因素。在华南地区,按变质成矿作用的不同特点,可划分为变质热液钨矿床、混合岩化热液钨矿床和花岗岩化钨矿床三大类型。中元古界—古生界中的含钨沉积建造,是变质成矿的物质基础;含矿流体的形成,是变质成矿的重要环节;有利的控矿构造和地球化学障,是促使成矿流体中矿质聚集淀积的重要因素;混合岩化前锋外缘,是成矿物质汇聚的重要场所;印支—燕山期花岗岩化,在区域成矿中有重大意义;多期变质作用叠加的复变质带,为成矿的有利地区。     

广东中生代岩浆作用矿床成矿系列

广东中生代与壳幔岩浆活动有关的成矿作用十分强烈,多期成矿作用明显.在前人工作的基础上,根据矿床的成矿时代、成矿地质构造环境、主要成矿作用及形成的矿床组合,将中生代与岩浆作用有关的矿床厘定为6个矿床成矿系列：1）云开与印支期岩浆活动有关的铌、钽、磷、铁矿床成矿系列;2）粤北与燕山期花岗岩有关的有色金属、稀有金属、贵金属、非金属、铀矿床成矿系列;3）深大断裂带与燕山期基性-中酸性侵入岩有关的铜、铅、锌、金、铁、钼、钨、水晶、砷、硫铁、钒、钛矿床成矿系列;4）深变质带与区域变质、动力变质及燕山期花岗岩类有关的金、银矿床成矿系列;5）沿海与燕山期火山-侵入活动有关的铁、铜、金、银、铅、锌、钨、锡、钼、铌、钽、硫铁、水晶、萤石、叶蜡石、重晶石矿床成矿系列;6）阳春-罗定与燕山晚期壳源花岗岩类侵入活动有关的锡、钨、钼、铜、铁、铅、锌、银矿床成矿系列.论述了各成矿系列的基本特征,并对成矿系列形成的构造背景和成矿作用的时空分布及演化规律进行了探讨.     

俯冲—碰撞和高压、超高压变质带中的金红石研究进展

金红石是高级变质岩和热液矿床中广为展布的一种矿物。目前，金红石在俯冲—碰撞和高压—超高压变质带中研究包括以下4个方面：①金红石在俯冲—碰撞带中的作用；②金红石同质多象变体；③金红石的U Pb定年；④金红石对源区的示踪。第一方面的研究一直是最近10余年来研究的主题之一，而后3个方面的研究尚处于起步阶段，上述研究对认识俯冲—碰撞过程中埃达克岩的成因和特征，对超高压大陆深俯冲深度及形成岩石温压条件的限定，对重塑超高压或高级变质地体峰期变质事例年龄，对赋存金红石岩石的源区示踪具有重要的意义。     

滇缅双变质带及宝玉石成矿

滇西及缅北克钦邦、掸邦一带，属于欧亚板块与印巴板块碰撞带。该区存在的双变质带是闻名于世的宝玉石矿产地。此带以东即为高黎贡山变质岩带展布区及三江地区：该区东部为高温低压变质带，西部为低温高压变质带，两者之间为过渡带。宝玉石矿床、矿点都受到岩性、断裂的控制。分析双变质带宝玉石矿床（点）的控矿因素、成矿规律及成矿机理，为在滇西相似的双变质带中进一步寻找宝玉石矿藏提供依据。     

显微红外测温技术及其在金红石矿床中的应用

显微红外测温技术是红外显微镜通过红外成像系统研究不透明和半透明矿物的流体包裹体的丰度和分布特征,并与冷热台相结合,进行流体包裹体显微测温分析的一种技术手段。本文以苏鲁超高压变质带东海榴辉岩中金红石矿床的流体包裹体研究为例,系统介绍了显微红外测温分析技术。结果表明,显微红外测温技术是研究半透明和不透明矿物中流体包裹体的一种十分有效的新手段,可见光和红外光两种光源下流体包裹体的测定不存在系统误差。利用红外显微镜进行半透明-不透明矿石矿物的流体包裹体测定时,循环技术法是测定冰点和均一温度的有效方法。江苏东海地区超高压变质带所经历的早期退变质阶段是金红石矿床的主要形成阶段。显微红外测温技术对研究矿床的成矿流体性质以及矿床成因等具有重要的意义。并将在金属矿床成矿流体的研究领域发挥重要的作用。     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the     

天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区小气候特征研究

利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.     

Climate: Is the past the key to the future?

 The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal. Greenhouse gases (H₂O, CO₂, CH₄, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO₂ during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO₂ to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity has increased the CO₂ content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO₂ content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century. The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO₂ and another important greenhouse gas, H₂O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently, and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is unpredictable because by adding CO₂ to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial “icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3 plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates. Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997