应用遥感资料进行流域地表水及浅层地下水资源评价的方法

本文提出了利用遥感资料进行流域地表水及浅层地下水评价的方法。利用遥感图像分析了流域下垫面结构,建立了适于遥感资料的下垫面分类系统,提出了以流域景观特征值为参数的流域地表水及浅层地下水资源评价模式。根据遥感资料和该模式,分别计算了验证流域地表水及浅层地下水资源,其相对误差分别为4.3％和5.1％;年径流计算相对误差8.8％,并获得了该流域水资源分布图。为利用遥感资料推求水资源,特别是浅层地下水资源及其在时、空上的分布,提供了新的方法,可作为无资料地区水资源评价的依据。     

基于层次分析法的马鞍山地区浅层地热能分区评价

本文在分析安徽马鞍山地区的水文地质条件、地温特征及地质灾害等条件的基础上,通过层次分析法并结合MapGIS软件对该地区的地源型热泵浅层地热能利用方式进行了适宜性分区.结果表明,研究区中部马鞍山市及当涂县大部分为适宜区,西部长江水体及东部大部分地区为不适宜和差适宜区.该分区方法不仅充分利用了层次分析法对分区结果进行定量化的优点,还结合该地区的水文地质、地温场特征及地质灾害分布情况进行了评价,因而分区具有较高的可参考性,对其他地区的浅层地热能利用也有一定的参考价值.     

ArcGIS地统计分析在地下水脆弱性评价中的应用

地下水是水资源的重要组成部份,地下水污染危害人的健康,影响人们的生产和生活,查明某一地区地下水容易受污染的可能性即地下水脆弱性,能为管理决策部门提供合理开发地下水资源,防治地下水污染的科学规划和管理依据。在脆弱性评价工作中,应用当前国际上最先进的地理信息系统平台ArcGIS,并结合地统计分析原理,完成地下水系统脆弱性编...     

法国南部拉尔扎克高原的岩溶水资源保护

1 引言 岩溶含水层占法国领土面积的35％以上,提供着30％的饮用水,由于岩溶含水层脆弱性高,所以常常发生水和土地利用方面的冲突。然而,在法国的岩溶地区,大多数时间中,人类活动不象在其他地区那么显著。因此,岩溶地下水一般水质很好,硝酸盐、杀虫剂和可溶性碳氢化合物的浓度要比法定     

豫东地区浅层地下水污染初步评价

豫东地区浅层地下水水量丰富,水质良好,是理想的供水水源。本文利用商丘市新区水质现状,运用模糊数学法对其浅层地下水水质进行评价,确定了其环境背景值,并划分为3个区。     

GIS技术在地下水系统脆弱性编图示范中的应用

主要论述应用GIS完成地下水系统脆弱性编图的技术方法,查明某一示范区地下水固有脆弱性,并进行地下水环境保护功能分区,以保护地下水资源免受污染或是减少到最低限度,为城市规划和建设服务。     

联合重力卫星和水井资料监测华北平原地下水储量变化

华北平原作为人口最多的平原地区,其地下水资源开采十分严重,常态对该地区地下水储量（ground water storage,GWS）变化的精确监测具有重要的生态意义。利用重力卫星数据反演了华北平原的GWS变化,并与水文模型、降水资料、南水北调调水量和地下水井资料进行对比分析,提出融合浅层GWS变化和深层地下水变化方法,得到总地下水的贡献。研究结果表明,重力卫星与全球陆地数据同化系统模型估计的水储量变化均表现出明显的季节性特征;重力卫星反演的GWS变化与浅层地下水井资料估计结果一致性较好;考虑深层地下水的贡献,融合浅层和深层地下水井资料估计结果和重力卫星反演结果吻合更好,相较于仅使用浅层地下水估计结果吻合度更高,并表明浅层地下水为GWS变化的主要变化量;2003—2017年,华北平原地下水处于长期亏损趋势（-1.3±0.6 cm/a）;2018—2020年,重力卫星反演结果与同时段内顾及深层地下水井资料的总GWS亏损速率几乎一致;2021年,重力卫星和地下水井资料与前期观测结果形成鲜明的U型反转,GWS均呈增长趋势;降雨和南水北调对华北平原的水储量变化具有直接影响,对缓解GWS亏损和地下...     

GIS在水资源空间分析与管理中的应用

水资源问题是我们现在面临的一个重要问题，要解决水资源面临的各种问题，首先需要利用现代信息技术对水资源进行管理和评价，得到相关的决策信息。本文以利用AccGIS开发某区域水资源管理系统为例，介绍利用地理信息系统技术和水文地质模型相结合来建立水资源空间分析和管理系统，管理地下水资源的方法。     

基于Java/Java 3D的地层3维建模与可视化

利用Java 3D技术建立一个地层可视化3维建模系统,实现地层3维模型漫游、旋转、剖切等功能,并以某地区地下水资源调查评价中采集的地质钻孔数据为例,验证该系统的有效性。该系统将不仅为地下水模型的3维实体建模提供理论支持,而且将推动WebGIS在地下水模型中的应用。     

层次分析法支持下的道路洪涝灾害风险评价——以武夷山地区为例

本文首先采用基于多准则决策的层次分析评价法,根据自然灾害风险理论,将洪涝风险影响因子分为危险性和脆弱性两类,子准则层包括平均降雨量、汇流累积量、坡度、海拔和土地覆盖度、道路级别、地表产流能力7个因子,构建了道路洪涝灾害风险评价模型。然后以福建省武夷山地区为研究区,利用地形数据、气象数据及遥感影像提取土地覆盖类型数据,通过道路洪涝灾害风险评价模型,绘制了道路风险分区图。结果表明,中、高风险积水道路占比较高,主要集中在东部、西部和中南部地区。本文对道路洪涝灾害风险所进行的评价,可服务于洪涝灾害风险预警和应急救援规划。     

Development of groundwater favourability map using GIS-based driven data mining models: an approach for effective groundwater resource management

The development of groundwater favourability map is an effective tool for the sustainability management of groundwater resources in typical agricultural regions, such as southern Perak Province, Malaysia. Assessing the potentiality and pollution vulnerability of groundwater is a fundamental phase of favourability mapping. A geographic information system (GIS)-based Boolean operator of a spatial analyst module was applied to combine a groundwater potentiality map (GPM) model and a groundwater vulnerability to pollution index (GVPI) map, thereby establishing the favourable zones for drinking water exploration in the investigated area. The area GPM model was evaluated by applying a GIS-based Dempster–Shafer–evidential belief function model. In the evaluation, six geoelectrically determined groundwater potential conditioning factors (i.e. overburden resistivity, overburden thickness, aquifer resistivity, aquifer thickness, aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity) were synthesized by employing the probability-based algorithms of the model. The generated thematic maps of the seven hydrogeological parameters of the DRASTIC model were considered as pollution potential conditioning factors and were analysed with the developed ordered weighted average–DRASTIC index model algorithms to construct the GVPI map. Approximately 88.8 and 85.71% prediction accuracies for the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps were established using the reacting operating characteristic curve method and water quality status–vulnerability zone relationship scheme, respectively. Finally, the area groundwater favourability map (GFM) model was produced by applying a GIS-based Boolean operator on the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps. The GFM model reveals three distinct zones: ‘not suitable’, ‘less suitable’ and ‘very suitable’ zones. The area analysis of the GFM model indicates that more than 50% of the study area is covered by the ‘very suitable’ zones. Results produce a suitability map that can be used by local authorities for the exploitation and management of drinking water in the area. The study findings can also be applied as a tool to help increase public awareness of groundwater issues in developing countries.     

Groundwater vulnerability assessment based on modified DRASTIC model: a case study in Changli County,China

Groundwater vulnerability assessment has been regarded as the initial step to understand and evaluate the susceptibility of the subsurface to contamination. As one of the most widely used models, the DRASTIC has been applied worldwide. However, problems associated with the model, such as the subjectivity in rating and weighting schemes, have led to modified versions of this model for better representing the vulnerability of the aquifer. In this study, a modified DRASTIC model was formulated by adjusting the rating and weighting scores based on Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Analytic Hierarchy Process. The modified model was then applied to the evaluation of groundwater vulnerability in Changli County, China in a GIS environment. The validity of the model was verified by analysing the correlation coefficient between the vulnerability index and the nitrate concentration. The results revealed that the modified DRASTIC model presents stronger correlation with the nitrate contamination than the traditional DRASTIC model.     

An Integrated GIS Based Statistical Model to Compute Groundwater Vulnerability Index for Decision Maker in Agricultural Area

The conservation areas in a plain are affected by the groundwater contamination from intense application of the fertilizers. The vulnerability of groundwater can be tested by using the DRASTIC model for the pollutants. The groundwater susceptibility to pollution in the various areas is mapped through DRASTIC model. However, the effects of pollution types and its characteristics are not considered, as this model is used without any modifications. This technique must be standardized for usage in the various aquifers and specific pollution types. The rates of DRASTIC parameters are corrected to obtain the potential for a more accurate analysis of the vulnerability pollution. The relationships between the parameters are identified with respect to the nitrate concentration in the groundwater by calculating the new rates. The methodology was applied to the selected area situated in the south eastern region of Iran at Kerman plain. Twenty-seven different locations were selected to test and analyse the nitrate concentration in the water from underground wells. The pollution in the aquifer was associated and correlated with the DRASTIC index by using the measured nitrate concentrations. The relationship between the index and the measured pollution in the Kerman plain was determined by applying the Wilcoxon rank-sum nonparametric statistical tests and the rates were calculated. It was found specifically in the agricultural areas that the modified DRASTIC model performed more efficiently than the traditional method for nonpoint source pollution, as indicated by the results. After modifications, the regression coefficients revealed that the relationship between the vulnerability index and the nitrate concentration was 77 %, while it was 37 % before the modifications were used. These statistics show that the modified DRASTIC performed far more efficiently than the original version.     

Combined use of groundwater modeling and potential zone analysis for management of groundwater

A methodology for groundwater evaluation has been developed by the combined use of numerical model and spatial modeling using GIS. The developed methodology has been applied on the sub-basin of the Banganga River, India. Initially, the groundwater potential zones have been delineated by spatial modeling. Different thematic maps of the basin like geology, geomorphology, soil, drainage, slope factor and landuse/landcover have been used to identify the groundwater potential zones. Further, the groundwater flow model for the study area has been developed in the MODFLOW. The groundwater flow vector map has been developed and superimposed on the potential zone map to validate the results of spatial modeling. Finally, the different scenarios have been conceptualized by varying the discharge of the wells and purposing the location for new rainwater harvesting structures. Results reveal that increasing the discharge of the wells in the potential zones put less stress on the aquifer. The suggested locations of rainwater harvesting structures also help to reduce the overall decline of groundwater in the area. The hydrological and spatial modeling presented in this study is highly useful for the evaluation of groundwater resources and for deciding the location of rainwater harvesting structures in semi-arid regions.     

Groundwater potential modelling using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of the Al Dhaid area,United Arab Emirates

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEM and LANDSAT images of spatial resolution 30?m were used to construct groundwater potential zones (GPZ) map by integrating geological fractures, drainage network, slope and relief, and convergence index maps of the study area. Weight and score of each map were developed according to their level of contribution toward groundwater accumulation and spatial distribution of groundwater wells. The area that has very high potential for groundwater is located at the foot of Oman Mountains and Al Dhaid Depression covering an area of about 59.33?km², which is 4.40% of the study area. Further hydrological map and data on hydraulic properties of shallow aquifer, as recorded from observation wells in the regions, have been used to validate the produced GPZ map. The validation result showed sufficient agreement between the produced GPZ map.     

Vulnerability of groundwater resources under climate change in the Pannonian basin

ABSTRACT

The impact of climate change on groundwater vulnerability has been assessed in the Pannonian basin over 1961–2070. High-resolution climate models, aquifers composition, land cover, and digital elevation model were the main factors which served to perform the spatial analysis using Geographical Information Systems. The analysis reported here is focused on the long-term period, including three temporal time sets: the past period of 1961–1990 (1990s), the present period of 2011–2040 (2020s), and the future period of 2041–2070 (2050s). During the 1990s, the high and very high areas of groundwater vulnerability were identified in all the central, western, eastern, southeastern, and northern sides of the Pannonian basin. In these areas, the water availability is lower and the pollution load index is high, due to the agricultural activities. The low and very low vulnerability class was depicted in the South-West part of the basin and in few locations from the peripheral areas, mainly in the North and West. The medium groundwater vulnerability spreads over the Pannonian basin, but it is more concentrated in the central, South, and South-West. The most affected territory is Hungary, while the territories of Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina are less affected. In the present and future periods, the very high groundwater vulnerability increased in areas by 0.74% and 0.87%, respectively. The low class area decreased between the 1990s and the 2020s by 2.33% and it is expected to decrease up to 2.97% in the 2050s. Based on this analysis and the groundwater vulnerability maps, the Pannonian basin appears more vulnerable to climate change in the present and future. These findings demonstrate that the aquifers from Pannonian basin experience high negative effect under climate conditions. In addition, the land cover contributes to this negative status of groundwater resources. The original maps of groundwater vulnerability represent an instrument for water management planning and for research.     

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Groundwater Level and its Relation to Drainage and Intrusive Rocks in a part of Nalgonda District,Andhra Pradesh,India

Drainage and lineaments play an important role in the flow of groundwater. The objective of this study is to assess the groundwater level and its relation to drainage and lineaments in a hard rock region of a part of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, southern India. The region predominantly comprise of granites and gneisses. Groundwater level was measured in 42 representative wells in this study area from March 2008 to January 2010 once in every two months. Observed groundwater levels were compared with drainage and dyke density. Groundwater level fluctuation in low drainage density region is generally greater than those in moderate and high drainage density regions. The dykes do not act as barriers for groundwater flow as they are highly weathered. The quantity and flow of groundwater in this region is predominantly controlled by drainage density, intensity of weathering and presence of fractures. Thus the study indicate that the drainage density play a major role in groundwater level fluctuation and as the dykes are weathered, they do not affect the groundwater flow in this shallow unconfined aquifer.     

groundwater prospects of shahbad tehsil, baran district, eastern rajasthan: a remote sensing approach

The relevance of satellite remote sensing in groundwater exploration stems from the utility of satellite images in identifying and delineating various featares that may serve as direct or indirect indicators of the presence of groundwater. This paper presents the results of hydrogeomorphological mapping using IRS-IB LISS II data and evaluation of groundwater prospects of each. hydrageomorphologic unit on the basis of lithotogy, struclure, landfrom and available aquifer data in the Shahbad tehsil, Baran district, Eastern Rajasthan, The study has shown that in the western parts of the area the Vindhyan sandstones (Lower Bhander) in which groundwater occurs under unconfined to confined conditions along bedding planes and fracture zones have vast potential for groundwater development thtough deep bore-wells or dng-cum-barewells, while in the eastern parts where shales dominale, large diameter dug wells are suitable to tap the limited groundwater resources. Infiltration (or recharge) tube wells have been proposed to augment the sandstone aquifers.     

GIS在采煤沉陷区生态价值评价中的应用

以淮南市在采煤沉陷区生态治理规划中对规划区的生态价值评价为例,探讨了运用GIS技术和多源信息复合原理对规划区进行生态要素单因子评价和生态价值综合评价,选取评价因子包括地形因子、生态基质因子、植被因子及水环境保护因子。采用遥感与地理信息系统相结合的技术,建立与评价相关的基于GIS的基础数据平台,运用GIS的空间分析功能对规划区的生态价值进行分析和评估。通过对规划区各类生态因子的评价,深入了解规划区内生态价值的特征与空间分布,提取重要生态节点;为挖掘规划区生态建设潜力,实施生态治理和建设提供依据。