浅谈冀东北地区的大地构造演化规律与金矿成矿规律

本文根据新近资料分析冀东北地区的大地构造演化规律对金矿成矿规律的控制作用.由于该区的地壳经过前地槽、地槽、地台和地洼四大不同发展阶段,因而在不同大地构造发展阶段中形成不同的金矿类型:前地槽阶段形成含金矿源层;地槽发展阶段,由于多期混合岩化、多期变质分异和侧分泌作用使矿源层中的金矿质富集溶移而在扩容构造中充填和交代形成变质热液型金矿床,地洼发展阶段,由于古地台的构造岩浆活化解体,在巨厚的的地槽构造层的基底上形成大量的岩浆热液型金矿床和叠加(再造)富化型金矿床.     

衡阳市清水塘矿区金,银成矿地质背景分析

清水塘矿区主要含矿地层是下古生界浅变质岩，代表地槽构造层，受地洼阶段的岩浆侵入。由于构造岩浆多期活动的叠加和３，形成金银成矿的有利条件。地洼阶段的岩浆活动不仅提供了成矿的驱动力，而且提供了成矿物质来源。     

海南岛沉积建造特征及大地构造问题

海南岛是欧亚大陆壳的南缘。作者主要依据沉积建造特征及其演化、空间分布和大地构造属性,并结合岩浆活动等重要标志,认为海南岛经历了地槽、地台、地洼三个大地构造发展阶段。以岛南九所—陵水深断裂为界,岛中岛北现阶段属东南地洼区,前寒武纪一早古生代为地槽区,晚古生代为地台区;深断裂以南为南海地洼区,前寒武纪时为地槽区,古生代演化为地台区。全岛早三叠世末同时进入地洼发展阶段。岛西石碌铁矿和近年发现的戈枕金矿成矿带皆位于前寒武纪地槽构造层内,皆受地洼构造叠加改造影响,皆属多因复成矿床。     

海南岛地壳演化的基本特征

本文系采用历史分析法对海南岛的沉积建造、岩浆建造、变质作用、构造型相进行分析.可将其地壳演化划分为前地槽、地槽、烛台、地洼四个发展阶段;采用动力分析法把具有成生联系的构造成分归为一起。作者认为海南岛存在着古北东,古东西、北北东、南北构造系和环状构造系:用历史和动力综合分析法全面探讨海南岛地壳演化与构造格局变迁特点。可得出结论:其前地槽发展阶段受北东古构造系控制,于地槽发展阶段叠加了东西古构造系:地洼初动期北北东构造系又疊加在东西古构造系之上并产生复合;地洼激烈期北北东向构造系与东西构造系产生联合环状构造系:地洼余动期的东西构造系和南北构造系又先后叠加在环状构造系之上.海南岛地壳在长期复杂多阶段的演化过程中,曾几经左,右旋交替的剪切作用,最终导致形成海南岛环形块体.     

地洼区原生金矿的某些成矿特征

地洼区是陈国达教授提出的有别于地槽区的一种新型活动区,是地壳第三基本构造单元。地洼区金成矿作用强烈,分布着众多的金矿床(点),而多因复成金矿床则是其中重要的金矿类型。由于金矿的成矿继承性,致使地洼区金矿的含金建造比较简单。金矿的空间分布严格受构造区的发育程度和展布方位所制约,表现为一定的层控性。金矿的岩控性集中于加里东期、海西期和燕山期三期岩浆活动,而燕山期构造-岩浆活动则控制了中国金矿的空间分布格局。地洼区金矿的成矿构造,主要为短轴复背斜、块状断裂、面状断裂、层间破碎带、构造窗和火山机构等。重磁异常与金矿化有着不可分割的内在联系。这是我们圈定成矿远景区的重要准则。     

海南省土外山金矿地质与成因

土外山金矿赋存于长英质糜棱岩中,矿体受戈枕脆、韧性叠加剪切带控制,载金矿物为石英和黄铁矿,主要为裂隙金、晶隙金。矿床的成矿物质具有前地槽期、地槽期和地洼期岩石建造的三重组分;成矿作用、成矿阶段具有明显的改造与叠加过程,既有前地槽期、地槽期岩石建造的动力变质分异而导致的演化富集,又有地洼期花岗岩多次侵入而带来的成矿物质的叠加富集。因此,土外山金矿是与剪切带长期演化相关的动力变质分异成矿与岩浆热液成矿相叠加而形成的多因复成矿床。成矿时代主要为中生代印支晚期及燕山期。     

湖南雪峰地区金成矿演化机理探讨

研究表明,湖南雪峰地区存在前地槽构造层,该区金矿的成矿物质主要来自赋矿地层,成矿流体主要为大气降水,其主成矿期为加里东期、印支－燕山期。金的成矿作用与壳体的演化关系密切,前地槽阶段为矿源层的形成提供了物质基础,地槽阶段形成矿源层并发生金成矿作用,地洼阶段金发生改造迭加成矿。     

琼西戈枕断裂带多因复成金矿成矿特征

海南岛西部的戈枕断裂带处于东南地洼区儋县地穹的西南缘。由于该区地壳经历了前地槽、地槽、地台、地洼等四个发展阶段，致使该区经受区域变质、混合岩化、岩浆侵入和动力变质等多种地质作用，为戈枕断裂带多阶段成矿创造了良好的地质构造条件，并使受戈枕断裂控制的金矿床在矿体形态、产状、矿化特点、围岩蚀变、矿石类型、成矿阶段、金矿成矿物质来源、成矿的地质、地球化学特征等许多方面，具有多因复成金矿成矿特点。构造控金模拟实验结果为戈枕断裂带构造变形及构造作用使金活化迁移、富集提供实验依据。     

湖南岩金矿床找矿前景的构造成矿研究

湖南岩金矿床集中分布于雪峰、湘西南两个地穹构造及湘东、湘中和湘东南三个地洼构造中，金成矿明显受深部地质构造控制。断裂构造在岩金矿成矿过程中起了特别重要的作用。在前地槽构造层中寻找岩金矿，并在地洼构造中取得新金矿类型的找矿突破应是该省进一步找金的前景所在。     

论新疆北部石炭-二叠纪成煤大地构造

研究表明,本区现阶段的构造分区为:天山地洼区,准噶尔地洼区和阿尔泰地洼区,各区演化、发展各具特征,表明地壳演比的不平衡性和差异性,石炭—二叠纪分别处于地槽发展前期和后期,二者无论在沉积环境、古地理条件,还是在构造型式、岩浆活动强度上都存在明显的差异。前期形成的聚煤盆地属海相环境,受近东西、北西西向地槽构造系的控制,火山话动强烈,系典型的优地槽沉积;后期形成的聚煤盆地属海陆交替相、陆相环境,为山间坳陷型盆地,受地槽褶皱山系的控制,以快速升降运动和快速堆积为特色,盆地中沉积了巨厚的磨拉式建造。石炭—二叠纪的沉积环境和构造条件不利于聚煤作用的发生和持续进行,致使海盆边缘和陆盆中未能形成良好的含煤岩系。因此,新疆北部地槽区与华北地合区相反,石炭—二叠纪不是理想的成煤时期,地槽期的海盆和地槽褶皱带期的山间坳陷也不是理想的聚煤盆地,这为该区的大地构造条件所决定。     

A PRELIMINARY APPROACH TO THE GEOTECTONIC EVOLUTION HISTORY AND MINERLIZATION IN VICTORIA,AUSTRALIA

According to the available data and field research, based on the diwatheory, the authors have studied the geotectonic evolution history and the associated minerlization in the Victoria area. It has been shown that this area is in fact a part of the Lachlan diwa region. The Victoria area can be divided into geodome fault-fold zone and subsidence zone. The former can be subdivided into three zones, from west to east, which are western uplift zone, central depression zone and eastern uplift zone. The evolution history of the Victoria area can be divided into four stages-Pregeosyncline, geosyncline, plateform and diwa. Each stage has distinct sedimentary, magmatic and structural features. Of the four stages, diwa stage is the most important for minerlization. Diwa stage started in the Devonian. During the development of diwa, a number of granites, which are characterized by high SiO2 and Na2O+K2O, were formed. The granites were abundance with mineralforming material. On the other hand, diwa geotectonism reformed and enriched the geosynclinal or platform ore deposits. Therefore, most of the ore deposits that occurred in the Victoria area are,more or less, related with diwa tectonism.     

我国沉积建造的含金性

将我国的沉积建造划分为前地槽型、地槽型、地台型和地洼型４类，并均从（１）赋存金故体，（２）在沉积－成岩期成矿和（３）为沉积－成岩期后成矿提供矿质３个方面加以探讨。     

全球锑矿床成矿学基本特征及超大型锑矿床成矿背景初探

本文对全球锑成矿的基本特征进行了初步研究并编制了全球锑成矿图。研究表明全球锑成矿的一般规律具以下特点：锑成矿与大陆型壳体的构造发展阶段及演化程度具显著相关性，全球锑矿床可划分为地槽型（或古地槽型）和地洼型两种基本大地构造类型；锑成矿在时、空分布上具有不均一性，成矿主要集中于大陆壳体较晚地质历史（中、新生代）的地槽区和地洼区；锑成矿是地洼区特征性成矿之一，往往在分异，演化程度较高的地洼区内形成锑成矿高峰；沿与深部上地幔关系密切的浅部碎裂岩断层带以中─低温热液交代或充填的方式富集是地洼型锑成矿的基本型式。最后文中对超大型锑成矿富集特殊性与非超大型锑工业富集的一般性进行了对比研究。     

青藏高原大地构造性质归属地洼区的论证和分析

该文是用地洼学说的观点论述整个青藏高原的大地构造性质,并从该区的构造层的结构、岩浆活动、沉积建造、构造型相、地震活动、地热、地球物理和现代地貌等特点来论证和分析它应归属地洼区。从地洼发展时期来看,它应归属“中亚期”地洼区。青藏高原北部进入地洼阶段较早,从侏罗纪时开始;而南部较晚,最晚是在渐新世时才进入地洼发展阶段。     

MAGMATISM OF THE EASTERN SAYAN

New geological and petrological data on the range of magmatic complexes and formations of the Eastern Sayan show two primary magmas: basic and granitoid. These magmas were formed through melting hard deep-seated layers of the earth crust: basaltic and sialic. During the geosynclinal stage the development of magmas belonging to the Archean, Proterozoic, and Salair [Cambrian] volcanic cycles proceeded consecutively from ultrabasic and basic formations formed in a pre-orogenic or earlier-orogenic geosynclinal development stage to granitoids set up in a synorogenic or later-synorogenic development stage. During the platform stage middle Paleozoic (Lower Devonian) and Mesozoic-Cenozoic cycles of magmatism proceeded directly, without the geosynclinal preparatory stage. Their development, accompanied by faulting, proceeded in reverse order from acidic and alkalic intrusions to predominantly basic eruptives. A further development of deep-seated basic and granitoid magmas was determined first by magmatic differentiation and later by assimilation phenomena which took place during the magma's passage into upper structural layers. The granitoids of geosynclinal magmatic complexes correspond petrochemically to the intermediate types of calc-alkalic rocks of the Pacific Ocean belt. The granitoids and alkalic rocks of the Lower Devonian platform magmatic complex resemble those of the Cenozoic East-Asia alkalic province. The composition of the granitoid magma belonging to the volcanic cycle is conditioned initially chiefly by the sial environment and geosynclinal strata. Magmatic complexes and formations are characterized by definite endogenic mineralizations. Chromium, nickel, cobalt, platinum, diamond, asbestos and other deposits are genetically connected with Proterozoic basic and ultrabasic rocks; gold, muscovite and tin-rare metal pegmatite with upper Proterozoic granitoids. Copper, galenaite and gold-ore occurrences are related to the postmagmatic manifestations of Salair granitoids. Deposits of pyrochlore carbonatites, molybdenite, graphite and others belong to Lower Devonian acidic and alkalic granitoids. — Auth. English summ.     

北祁连-河西走廊志留纪和泥盆纪古地理及其对同造山过程的沉积响应

北祁连-河西走廊志留系包括下志留统鹿角沟砾岩和肮脏沟组、中志留统泉脑沟山组和上志留统旱峡组，泥盆系包括中、下泥盆统老君山组和上泥盆统沙流水组。鹿角沟砾岩为水下冲积扇沉积，断续分布于北祁连西段。肮脏沟组在北祁连-河西走廊分布广泛，主要为半深海碎屑复理石沉积。泉脑沟山组和旱峡组分布于北祁连和河西走廊西段，前者以浅海相砂泥岩和泥灰岩为主，后者以滨海潮坪-浅海碎屑岩沉积为主。老君山组分布于古祁连山山前和山间盆地，为粗碎屑磨拉石沉积。沙流水组分布于河西走廊东段，为湖相沉积。区域古地理分析表明，北祁连-河西走廊志留纪-泥盆纪的古地理主要受北祁连加里东-早海西期不规则造山作用控制。鹿角沟砾岩标志着弧-陆碰撞最早发生于早志留世早期。早志留世北祁连-河西走廊由弧后残余盆地向前陆盆地转化。中、晚志留世北祁连东段剧烈造山并与阿拉善古陆的连接，前陆盆地限于北祁连-河西走廊西段。志留纪末期为北祁连的主造山期，泥盆纪形成高峻的古祁连山。早、中泥盆世形成山前和山间盆地的粗碎屑磨拉石沉积。晚泥盆世造山带西段造山作用剧烈，形成剥蚀区。东段造山作用微弱，山地被剥蚀，山前形成湖泊相的晚泥盆世沉积。     

西秦岭礼县-太白地区金、铅锌矿床的地质地球化学

礼县一太白地区的金、铅锌矿床产于泥盆纪沉积盆地。它们都是沉积改造矿床,其含矿建造是中泥盆统或中上泥盆统。根据矿床的地质、地球化学特征,该地区的铅锌矿床可以分为２类,厂坝式和邓家山－八方山式矿床。金矿床可分３类,李坝式、八卦庙式和双王式矿床。厂坝式铅锌矿床产于强变质、弱变形地区,属于与变质作用有关的沉积改造型矿床。邓家山－八方山工区铅锌矿床产于强变形、弱变质地区,属于与构造动力作用有关的沉积改造型矿     

Timing of orogenic gold mineralisation in northeastern Tasmania: implications for the tectonic and metallogenetic evolution of Palaeozoic SE Australia

New ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data from sedimentary rock-hosted orogenic gold deposits in northeastern Tasmania constrain most ore formation to between 395 Ma and 385 Ma. These 385–395 Ma ages for the formation of orogenic gold agree well with an inferred Early to Middle Devonian timing for peak deformation and folding across much of northeastern Tasmania. Data from micas within alteration halos in some deposits give dates of ~420–430 Ma; these dates confirm the occurrence of an earlier Silurian phase of deformation and suggest that at least some of the mineralisation was possibly generated during this event. Gold mineralisation hosted by Middle Devonian post-tectonic granites may be genetically related to magmatism following orogeny, but these deposits formed virtually synchronously with peak deformation-related systems. Early to Middle Devonian deformation in northeastern Tasmania also reactivated older structures in western Tasmania, and the formation of quartz vein-hosted gold mineralisation there. Based on geological, structural, tectonic and metallogenetic similarities, northeastern Tasmania is interpreted as a lateral equivalent of the turbidite-dominated fold-thrust belt of the western Lachlan Orogen. However, unlike Victoria, where the sedimentary rock sequence developed on oceanic crust, northeastern Tasmania was probably underlain by thinned Proterozoic crust, either as part of a promontory along the Gondwana margin or as a microcontinental fragment. This may have protected the Palaeozoic succession from large-scale, pre-Devonian orogeny, with collision not beginning until the Middle Devonian. These variations in the structural and tectonic evolution, and the timing of deformation and ore formation can explain the difference in contained gold, and the distribution and number of major orogenic gold deposits within the Palaeozoic of northeastern Tasmania.Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

安徽铜陵地区含金硫化物矿床成矿作用

铜陵地区位于华中地洼区,苏鄂地洼系。具工业价值的金矿床多赋存于地洼期次一级构造以及它们的交汇处,这是本区构造控矿的特点。近矿围岩以地台型碳酸盐岩为主,矿体明显受地层层位控制。与矿化有关的侵入岩,主要形成于地洼期(燕山早、中期)。岩体形成后叠加了成矿热液的多次活动。金的成矿作用及金矿床的形成,通常与含金丰度相对较高的地台构造层有密切的成因联系,它们提供了重要的物质来源,可认为是矿源层(Source beds)。本区各主要矿床是以地洼型岩浆期后热液作用为主的多因复成层控含金硫化物矿床。     

论中国斑岩、矽卡岩型铜、钼矿床的形成与地壳演化的关系

根据中国120个斑岩、矽卡岩型铜、钼矿床的研究表明:中国斑岩、矽卡岩钢、钼矿床形成于地壳发展的一定阶段,一定构造单元。即形成于吕梁期之后的地槽褶皱区和印支期之后的地洼区,特别是后者,它是中国斑岩、矽卡岩铜、钼矿床发育最盛时期。它们分别占中国该类铜、钼矿床总量的84.7％,96.6％斑岩、矽卡岩铜、钼矿床的形成主要是由于地洼或地槽褶皱时期构造、岩浆活动改造或活化、迁移、富集原地层中的成矿物质或矿源层、层状铜(钼)矿的结果。