ISOS业务软件的监控系统设计

随着新型自动站在业务工作中的正式运行,为了及时监控新型自动站ISOS业务软件的运行情况,利用Visual Basic编程语言和Access数据库技术,设计了新型自动站ISOS业务软件的监控系统。该系统能及时监控新型自动站ISOS业务软件的运行情况,对新型自动站和ISOS软件故障造成的观测数据缺测、上传观测数据文件未能正常生成或数据文件传输失败等状况进行字幕、响铃、手机短信的形式报警,提醒气象业务人员采取有效措施及时处理自动站故障,提高气象观测业务质量。     

基于ISOS软件数据自动化备份的研究与实现

目前,基层气象台站主要使用地面综合观测业务软件（简称ISOS软件）作为业务测报软件,有效存储、保护测报数据是台站的重要工作之一,使用计算机技术备份测报数据成为有效保护手段。因此,针对ISOS测报数据特点,本文利用Python语言和Tkinter等工具包设计不同备份策略,开发人机交互页面的系统对不同的测报数据进行备份。经实验,本文设计的系统可对ISOS测报数据实现自动化备份,有效保护数据安全,系统可用作基层台站的备份工具。     

浅谈新型自动站软件的优缺点

随着地面观测自动化的迅速发展,新疆吐鲁番鄯善站于2014年1月1日起开始运行新型自动站软件(简称ISOS软件),在运行过程中发现软件其优缺点,并简要总结说明,促进ISOS软件的正常运行,有利于县级综合业务人员在遇到问题时处理数据的能力,从而确保观测数据的准确性和均一性。     

一次集成版ISOS软件报警信息处理过程的分析

为了实现自动气象观测数据采集、业务处理、数据传输等功能集于一体,监控管理台站自动站观测设备运行状态,对地面综合观测业务软件集成版ISOS软件报警信息处理过程进行分析,根据软件报警信息开展相应工作,找出故障发生和数据异常的原因,并进行及时的排查,并据此提出自动气象站故障处理的工作任务要点。     

Ver3.0.2.615版地面综合观测业务软件应用及探讨

为贯彻落实中国气象局关于实现地面观测自动化的决策部署,全面实现地面气象要素自动化、智能化观测。该文结合工作实际,介绍了目前台站最新使用的Ver3.0.2.615版地面综合观测业务ISOS软件在架构核心、业务应用、应急处理和日常使用等方面的应用技巧和注意事项,为从事气象业务的工作者提供一些参考和帮助。     

地、县气象业务现代化建设实用技术应用中有关问题的解决办法

对于地县气象业务系统运行中遇到的一些问题做了初步探讨，分析了问题存在的原因，并提出了解决办法。尝试将原有业务系统软件进行修改或活用原有软件，使业务工作更加方便、快捷、高效。     

一次ISOS集成版故障排除方法及思考

以南郑国家一般站的一次通讯传输故障为例,讨论了最新的集成版ISOS(台站地面气象综合观测业务软件)中使用无线传输备份时出现的特殊情况,提出了将光电通讯模块和计算机直连的方式,避免了无线网卡和计算机网卡同时使用出现的冲突问题,解决了新版ISOS集成版在实际工作中无法以常规方式使用无线网卡的情况。     

浅谈集成版ISOS软件使用过程中的问题及处理

针对集成版ISOS软件使用过程中在数据采集、数据文件传输、正点观测编报、地面月报表(A文件)、日数据等方面出现的异常问题进行分析总结,并提出有效的处理对策。以帮助测报人员更好地掌握软件应用,正确处理问题,保证观测数据时效性、完整性和准确性,提高台站地面气象观测业务质量。     

新型自动站ISOS日常数据处理方法

新型自动站ISOS主要是在自动化观测和自动化业务流程的基础上,通过信息化辅助手段实现目前还不能完全由设备自动观测的相关业务。本文通过试运行到升级至V3.0.0.2版本中存在的问题,得出新型自动站ISOS数据处理方法;重点对天气现象的处理方法进行了总结,归纳出了08时发报时次现在天气码的编写,自动采集的大风现象起止时间重叠等问题。     

台站地面综合观测业务软件数据备份方法

为了减少数据文件的缺失,做好台站观测资料的日常数据同步备份,结合清涧县国家气象观测站地面综合观测业务软件(ISOS Ver2.0.0.0)运行过程中经验,总结了软件数据归档、第三方软件备份、文件批处理结合任务计划备份等数据备份方法,及突发事件下计算机故障应急处置措施,为新型站的业务运行保障提供参考。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...