龙滩水电站左岸导流洞爆破振动测试与控制研究

通过对龙滩水电站左岸导流洞爆破开挖振动进行观测、分析和处理,得到了该导流洞爆破开挖振动传播衰减经验公式。根据该水电站导流洞的特点,提出了爆破振动破坏标准,由经验公式和破坏标准,得出了该导流洞新浇混凝土支护区爆破安全控制参量。分析了爆破地震的特点,结合该水电站导流洞的爆破实际,建议了该导流洞相应的爆破降震措施。从工程实施的实际效果看,本文的研究成果与结论获得了较好的应用效果,保证了该工程爆破施工的顺利完成。     

青岛地铁工程爆破振动效应分析

本文根据大量现场观测资料研究了青岛地铁施工爆破引起的地面振动效应,分析了炸药类型,药量,爆心距,施工爆破方法以及地质条件等因素对爆破振动效应的影响,总结了青岛地铁施工爆破所引起的地面振动强度的一般规律,为施工中的爆破优化设计和爆破振动控制提供了依据。     

宁夏及周边地区爆破的基本概况

研究收集了宁夏全区及周边地区的爆破258次,对这些爆破丛集发生的地点进行现场落实,收集爆破类型、爆破时间、炸药量等资料。从爆破分布、不同类型爆破波形特征、场地及传播路径对爆破衰减影响等三方面进行研究。结果表明:爆破的波形记录特征不仅和爆破的类型有关,不同爆破场地及波传播路径在初动、周期、衰减速度均有不同表现,并解析了存在差别的原因与台站场地响应有关。     

工程爆破场地地震动强度预测研究

本文介绍了爆破地震动强度的预测方法和该领域研究的国内外现状,以岭澳核电站场地为例,利用该场地土石方工程爆破时实监测获得的大量实验数据进行统计回归分析,提出了一种估计(折算)爆破药量的方法,给出预测爆破地震动加速度、速度、的经验公式。按此地震动衰减规律并结合时实监测数据指导爆破,确保大亚湾核电站的安全运行。这种折算爆破药量的方法和预测爆破地震动强度的经验公式对指导工程爆破具有重要参考价值。     

贵州红枫水库溢洪道扩建工程爆破地震效应

本文叙述了1983年11月贵州红枫水库溢洪道扩建工程七次爆破地震效应的观测方法,分析了爆破地震动的特征和周围建筑物的爆破地震效应,并讨论了局部场地条件对爆破地震效应的影响。     

砂土中的爆破地震效应

介绍了砂土中一些爆破地震的测试结果，比较了装药位置对爆破地震特性的影响，为爆破地震危害的预测提供了依据。     

苏联地球物理学家萨多夫斯基学术活动简介

1984年11月6日是萨多夫斯基院士的八十寿辰。他是苏联卓越的地球物理学家和爆破物理学专家。他领导苏联科学院施米特地球物理研究所近25载。萨多夫斯基1930年到苏联科学院地震研究所任职,并开始研究爆破的力学作用。不久,他领导了苏联的爆破工程,把科学研究与苏联爆破工业等机构的工作结合起来。他在爆破力学作用研究中,取得了一系列基础性成果,制定了爆破工程的地震安全区规范。可以毫不夸     

爆破地震效应及其对附近建筑物影响因素的探讨

根据工作实践,围绕爆破地震效应及其对附近建筑物的影响因素进行了探讨和分析,阐明了爆破地震效应影响附近建筑物的因素,有助于减少爆破危害,对生产过程中的爆破工作具有一定的参考意义。     

工程微差爆破的监测与分析

工程微差爆破是近40年来控制爆破发展的新技术，它使工程爆破的使用领域得到拓展。原先只能在矿山或人烟稀少，远离建筑物地区进行的爆破施工，现在，即使在人口稠密、楼房鳞次栉比的城镇，甚至建筑物内部都有可能实施控制爆破。它减轻了劳动强度，缩短了施工期限，降低了工程成本。因此，具有较大的经济效益。随着特区建设的发展，厦门地区在港口建设、厂房场地平整等工程施工中大量使用了微差爆破。     

安徽及周边地区小爆破的识别与判据研究

根据安徽测震台网记录的爆破与地震的数字资料,采用波谱分析方法,对该区域记录的小爆破与小震级地震事件计算纵横波拐角频率和卓越周期,试图获得爆破和地震识别的定量指标。对比研究波谱特征,发现爆破与地震的纵横波拐角频率和卓越周期等存在明显差异,为该地区小爆破的识别,提供了新的判据。最后,对爆破与地震其他方面的判据特征进行了总结。     

Evaluation of blast-induced ground vibration effects in a new residential zone

The results from an experimental blasting program that was performed at the special explosives training field of the General Directorate of Security in Ankara, where new residential blocks are planned to be constructed nearby, are presented. With the objective of estimating the blast-induced ground vibration effects on the proposed structures, various blasting parameters of nineteen surface and underground explosions were recorded in two directions at three measurement stations. Site-specific empirical relationships between peak particle velocity, the amount of explosive and the distance were developed. These relationships were used to construct a practical blasting chart, which gives the maximum amount of explosive to be used as a function of distance, for future underground and surface blasting operations in the training field. Since the use of peak particle velocity in the field of civil engineering has been limited so far, site-specific parameters were also estimated to predict the blast-induced horizontal peak ground acceleration. Then, an attempt was made to investigate the dynamic responses of four and six storey reinforced concrete structures that consist of frame and shear wall type structural systems under the measured accelerations using finite element analysis. The limitations of this approach were discussed within the context of damage estimation.     

曹妃甸地震台网天然地震与人工爆破时频分析

搜集2014—2015年曹妃甸测震台网记录的各类爆破与天然地震事件,基于Matlab软件,编制程序实现短时傅里叶变换,对比分析核爆炸、化学爆炸、矿爆炸与天然地震的特征,分析频率随时间的变化规律。研究结果表明,天然地震与爆破在频率范围、频率分布和时频聚集性等方面具有各自特点,主要表现在:天然地震的时频图"多峰"且复杂,频率分布范围更广,频率成分集中在S波段;人工爆破的时频图"少峰"且简单,频率范围较窄,频率成分集中在P波段。本文的研究成果能够为今后区分天然地震和爆破提供依据。     

陕西地区地壳速度模型研究

本文以陕西地震台网2009年1月—2014年4月地震观测报告数据为基础,并在前人对该区域地壳速度模型研究成果的基础上,依据地震、爆破及塌陷的震相速度拟合曲线与折合走时曲线等结果,确定初始模型及扰动范围。再采用Hyposat定位程序对地震资料进行“试错”,最终确定了可供台网日常使用的地壳速度模型及各层的波速比结果,最后对模型进行了对比检验。结果表明:2015模型比1985模型的定位走时残差小,震中位置偏差减小,确定的实测爆破地震位置参数更准确。2015模型较1985模型更符合陕西地区的地质构造特征。     

Improved method of generation of artificial time-histories,rich in all frequencies,from floor spectra

A method to generate artificial time-histories from given floor response spectra is presented in this paper. The original method proposed by Levy and Wilkinson¹ is modified. New iterative equations are developed, based on extensive computational experimentation, to speed up and stabilize the convergence process. The present approach, when applied to spectra with peaks in the high frequency range (40 to 100 Hz) along with seismic peaks, converges very closely to the target spectra within eight iterations regardless of damping values. The original computer program for synthetic time-history generation was developed on the UNIVAC 1100 series computer. This program was converted to work on the IBM PC. The PC based program ‘MICRO-SEIM’ saves the response spectra generated at each iteration and the final synthetic time-history on the PC diskette. The post processing program reads those saved data from the diskette and plots the spectra and time-history.     

采石场周边民房爆破振动效应评价及衰减关系

为了避免福岭采石场爆破施工对周边民房的影响,布设4个测试点,对不同药量及距离产生的爆破振动给附近民房带来的影响进行监测和分析,得到了振动衰减关系及该采石场爆破施工对附近民房影响的安全距离。当保护对象距离为200 m时,96 kg药量,振动速度为0.45 cm/s,达到土坯房和毛石房屋容许振动的上限值。     

城市地铁爆破开挖对浅埋地下大直径管道的安全影响研究

在城市浅埋地铁爆破开挖中,经常遇到地下管网、涵洞等构筑物,而爆破地震效应对其影响范围和程度的正确评价就显得尤为重要。本文以长沙地铁爆破开挖为例,以现场实测数据为基础,采用有限单元法,对爆破振动下大直径混凝土污水管道的动力响应、变形和动应力等进行了计算,评价了爆破地震对管道的安全影响。研究表明:管道在控制爆破作用下是偏于安全的;爆心距是影响管道受到爆炸作用力影响大小的最主要因素;对于以实测数据为基础,采用加速度激励的时程分析方法以爆破振动对埋地管道的影响进行评价,是一种可行且较为精确的方法。     

Neues mathematisches Verfahren zur Charakterisierung unbekannter organischer Vielstoffgemische durch die Adsorptionsanalyse

The adsorption analysis, a process-technology-oriented analytical method, characterizes complex organic multicomponent mixtures with respect to their different adsorbability by a sorbent such as activated carbon. The analytical method is based on the determination of adsorption isotherms and their mathematical interpretation. So far, this interpretation has required the use of a large computer or a time-consuming computing program, in general. With the BASIC computing program “MAVIAS 10”, on the basis of the IAS theory a mathematical approach has been found which provides sufficient accuracy, demands low expenditure of time and makes the use of a small computer possible.     

Estimating aquifer transmissivity from specific capacity using MATLAB

Historically, specific capacity information has been used to calculate aquifer transmissivity when pumping test data are unavailable. This paper presents a simple computer program written in the MATLAB programming language that estimates transmissivity from specific capacity data while correcting for aquifer partial penetration and well efficiency. The program graphically plots transmissivity as a function of these factors so that the user can visually estimate their relative importance in a particular application. The program is compatible with any computer operating system running MATLAB, including Windows, Macintosh OS, Linux, and Unix. Two simple examples illustrate program usage.     

复杂环境水下控制爆破工程影响效应测试分析

结合某沉管隧道沉管段基槽开挖工程,采用爆破动态效应的现场测试、理论分析等综合手段,探索水下爆破水中冲击波和爆破地震波动对邻近建筑物的动态效应特性。研究表明:(1)与地震波的峰值压力值相比,浅水条件下钻孔爆破水中冲击波压力值较小,传播速度也没有地震波快,特定情况下,在考量岸边堤岸及岸边建筑物的稳定性时可以忽略水冲击波的影响;(2)对于不同区域爆破施工来说,应根据其距离被保护对象的远近,选择各允许最大药量中的最小值作为最大爆破控制药量。研究成果对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Estimation of particle velocity based on blast event measurements at different rock units

This paper analyses the results of the peak particle velocity measurements, at the trial, construction and quarry blasting carried out in sediment rock deposits comprising mainly limestone and dolomite. The tests are divided into 3 groups depending on different geological strength index (GSI) values in these rock groups. Based on the results of seismic measurements the empirical relationships between peak particle velocity and scaled distance were established for each group. In order to establish a useful relationship between peak particle velocity and scaled distance, a simple regression analysis was conducted with the Blastware software program from Instantel. The established relationships and the results of those analyses are presented in this paper.