对生物海洋学内涵的理解

中国科学院海洋研究所是从一个海洋生物实验室发展起来的综合性海洋研究机构,生物海洋学的理念、科学内涵、科学视野、生物海洋学对海洋科学发展的推动作用等在海洋研究所的发展历程中得到完美体现,生物海洋学也一直伴随整个研究所的壮大而不断发展。在中国科学院海洋研究所成立70周年之际,从生物海洋学角度回顾研究所发展历程,将会加深我们对海洋科学不同学科间的相互关系、相互配合、学科交叉、融合发展的意义的理解,对海洋科学未来发展起到积极推动作用。     

海洋研究四十载 硕果累累立丰碑——中国科学院海洋研究所成立40年来科研成果一览

中国科学院海洋研究所,随着新中国的成立而诞生,现已进入了不惑之年。40年来,海洋研究所由一个不足30名职工的海洋生物研究室发展成为拥有1100名职工,多学科综合性的海洋研究机构,研究海区也由以黄、渤、东海为主,扩大到邻近大洋。共发表论文报告2200余篇,出版专著和译著70多部,编汇各种专业图集20多册、图件3000多项,为我国海洋科学的发展奠定了良好的基础,为我国国民经济的发展和国防建设做了重大贡献,先后获得国家、部委、中国科学院、省、市级奖励140多项次。现将海洋所历年来获奖励的成果公诸于世。     

厚植海洋生物学基础,创新海洋生物技术,赋能蓝色生物产业

著名生物学家童第周、曾呈奎、张玺奠基的中国科学院海洋研究所建所70年来,面向国际学科前沿、国家重大需求和国民经济主战场;刘瑞玉、吴尚懃、张福绥、郑守义为代表的科学家和一批批优秀学科带头人努力攀登,攻坚克难,前仆后继,薪火相传,为我国海洋生物学学科的系统、全面发展做出了重要建树和奠基性贡献,夯实了海洋科学技术发展的根基。近30多年,可为海洋生产力及其可持续性提供解决方案的海洋生物技术受到国内外普遍重视,海洋研究所为国家海洋生物高技术发展战略出谋划策,并在关键技术突破上发力,引领了海洋生物技术的创新发展。在实现产业化,推动蓝色生物产业的征途上,海洋研究所为世界最大的海洋增养殖产业发展壮大做出突出贡献,直接催生了海藻、贝类和对虾三次养殖浪潮的兴起,带动了基础性、战略性海水增养殖种业发展;此外,海洋研究所在海洋药物、海洋生物制品的研究与开发以及着力挖掘和提升海洋生态系统服务功能和价值上,成果斐然,有力支撑了蓝色生物新型产业的发展。新近,海洋研究所牵头筹建的中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心必将为建设海洋强国,铸造蓝色辉煌注入强劲活力。     

前言

七十载奋斗入史册,数代人风流谱新篇。作为新中国成立的第一个专业性海洋科研机构,中国科学院海洋研究所迎来了七十周年华诞。七十年来,海洋研究所在我国海洋基础研究和应用研究领域做出了大量奠基性和开创性的工作,引领了我国海洋科学事业的发展。理论联系实际,促进科技成果转化,维护国家海洋权益,为国民经济保驾护航,是中国科学院海洋研究所始终秉承的理念。海洋研究所的成长历程是新中国海洋科技事业发展史的缩影,七十年来,海洋研究所围绕海洋学科基础和应用研究耕耘不辍,取得了一系列前瞻性、奠基性的学术成果,在海内外产生了重要的影响,实现了从萌芽、成长、独树一帜到核心引领的巨变,为党和国家培养、输送了一大批海洋科技人才。
《海洋科学》自1977年创刊以来,坚持密切联系生产实际、服务于我国现代化建设的办刊原则,及时报道海洋学及其分支学科的新成果、新理论、新观点、新工艺和新进展,并对重大科技成果予以优先报道。创刊至今,我们共出版372期,总计7641篇文章,为高效、广泛传播我国海洋科技成果作出了积极贡献。为系统总结七十年来海洋研究所在基础研究和技术创新方面的突出成就,本刊决定出版两期专刊,向海洋研究所七十华诞献礼。
受《海洋科学》编辑部委托,我邀请了六位从事海洋科技创新和成果转移转化的科研人员,共同完成了专刊编辑工作。我们精选了42篇论文,其中研究综述31篇、研究论文11篇,在2020年第7、第8期刊发。文章涉及海洋生态、海洋生物资源、海洋观测、海洋地质、海洋腐蚀等学科,展现了中国科学院海洋研究所等中国海洋科研机构的学术风采。我们衷心期望,这些成果的结集出版能够为广大海洋科研人员提供启发性思路,进一步推动我国海洋基础和应用研究,扩大我国在相关领域的国际影响,更好地服务于海洋强国战略实施。
感谢所有为本专刊撰稿的作者和审稿的专家,感谢各位客座编辑在专刊的组织和编辑出版过程中所做的大量工作。由于水平有限,本专刊难免有疏漏之处,敬请广大同仁谅解和批评指正！
站在新起点,迎接新时代、谋求新发展,《海洋科学》将不忘初心,牢记使命,为广大读者打造精品,为中国海洋科技成果的传播贡献力量。     

从海洋科研档案看中科院海洋所科研工作的发展

中国科学院海洋研究所创建于１９５０年 ,是目前中国规模最大的多学科综合性海洋科学研究机构。海洋研究所建所以来 ,在海洋气象、海洋环流、潮流、海浪、风暴潮、海洋沉积、海洋地球化学、海底岩石结构、化学海洋学、海藻化学、海洋资源化学、海洋生物分类区系、海洋生态学、实验海洋生物学、海洋水产养殖生物学与农牧化、海洋生物技术、海洋工程环境、赤潮与海洋环境保护、海洋腐蚀及防护、海洋观测与遥感技术等等诸多方面的研究中 ,做出了许多开创性和奠基性的工作 ,取得了近５００项具有很高学术水平和应用价值的科研成果 ,并形成了大量…     

第二届国际南海海洋生物学术会议将于1993年4月在广州召开

由中国科学院南海海洋研究所大亚湾海洋生物综合实验站主办,广东海洋湖沼学会协办的第二届国际南海海洋生物学术会议定于1993年4月在广州召开。会议旨在交流南海海洋生物学的研究成果,扩大南海海洋生物各学科领域的国际合作研究,促进对南海生物资源的开发利用和保护管理。 会议议题为:1.南海海洋生物资源与渔业;2.海洋污损生物;3.河口与海湾生态系统及人类活动对其影响;     

中科院海洋所45年取得400余项重要成果

新中国成立后建立的第一个,也是目前我国规模最大的多学科综合性的海洋科学研究机构——中科院海洋研究所,在45年的调查了解、开发利用和保护海洋的研究中,取得400多项有很高学术水平和应用价值的重要成果,完成论文报告2 680余篇,专著80部,获国家、部委、院、省市级重要成果奖200多项,成为海     

加拿大贝德福德海洋研究所概况及科研实力分析

加拿大贝德福德海洋研究所(Bedford Institute of Oceanography,BIO)目前是加拿大最大的海洋研究中心,为政府的一系列海洋发展战略提供研究支撑功能,海洋科研力量雄厚。结合科研论文产出分析,介绍了该研究所的基本概况,对其重点研究领域、研究规划、科考船等科研实力进行分析,为我国海洋研究提供参考。     

《热带海洋学报》2012—2021年发文分析

通过梳理《热带海洋学报》2012—2021年间发表的767篇论文,借助CiteSpace软件进行文献计量与可视化分析,了解这十年间的发展情况,为未来期刊建设和管理提供参考。结果显示,《热带海洋学报》的影响因子和发文数在十年间大致呈现下降—上升的趋势,在海洋科学期刊中处于Q2区前列,并在2018和2019年进入Q1区;该期刊特色明显,更突出热带海洋,特别是南海的研究成果,涉及的重点研究领域包括中尺度涡、数值模拟、上升流、珊瑚礁、浮游植物等;拥有一批层次较高的核心作者群体,主要来自中国科学院大学和中国科学院南海海洋研究所,研究方向涉及海洋地质学、海洋地球物理学、海洋环流、海洋遥感、海洋生物与生态学等;在高被引和高下载论文中,综述性论文占据较高比例。近年来,通过网络首发、新媒体推广等手段,《热带海洋学报》的论文下载量不断提高,影响力也逐步提升。     

水野笃行博士来华讲学

日本著名海洋地质学家水野笃行博士,于九月廿六日至十月七日,来青岛海洋地质研究所讲学,并召开了三次技术座谈会。参加听课与座谈的有,中科院所属海洋研究所,南海海洋研究所,国家海洋局第一、二海洋研究所,部属海洋地质调查单位,同济大学,山东海洋学院,以及本所的科研和教学人员共五十余人。 水野笃行博士是日本著名的海洋地质学家。一九五一年毕业于东京大学地学院科学系,一九六二年获东京大学科学博士学位。现任日本地质调查所海洋地质部部长。他长期从事海洋地质、特别是深海锰结核的调查研究工作。在深海锰结核和海洋沉积学方面造诣较深。此次主要是据其专长,重点讲授了以下内容: 一、日本地质调查所对海洋地质矿产资源的研究现状;     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.