ZY-3 MUX传感器数据的缨帽变换系数推导

缨帽变换是一种实用性都很强的遥感影像增强方法,已被成功地应用于各种遥感领域。然而,对于缺少中红外波段的4波段高分卫星传感器,采用常规的Gram-Schmidt正交化方法难以推导出缨帽变换的湿度分量,即便少量推导出湿度分量的算法也存在着结果失真的问题。因此,开展针对4波段传感器缨帽变换系数的推导,提出了先确定湿度分量、再确定亮度和绿度分量的逆推算法,并将其应用在ZY-3 MUX传感器数据上。实验结果表明:(1)逆推方法可以有效地推导出ZY-3 MUX缨帽变换的湿度分量,较好地解决了前人研究中出现的湿度分量失真问题;(2)新方法求出的3个分量的散点在其三维特征空间中呈现典型的"缨帽"特征,较于传统的GramSchmidt正交化方法,新方法的散点在水体、植被和建筑用地/裸土之间的空间分布位置可以更好地相互分离,不会造成不同地类之间的混淆;(3)采用新方法所得到的缨帽变换系数的精度好于传统的Gram-Schmidt正交化方法,体现在新方法具有较高的R值和较低的RMSE误差。本研究可为ZY-3 MUX数据提供一套有效的缨帽变换系数,同时也为缺乏中红外波段的高空间分辨率遥感影像提供一种新的缨帽变换系数推导方法,解决了常规GramSchmidt正交化方法无法准确表示湿度分量的问题。     

胶东半岛果园TM影像信息的提取决策树方法

本文选取胶东半岛最具代表性的5个果品县(市)为研究区,以Landsat TM影像数据为分类影像,尝试提取果园信息。选用可以"无缝"融入多种辅助信息的决策树分类方法,综合NDVI、地形地貌和缨帽变换等多种辅助信息,利用年内物候变化最大的果园与背景地物的光谱差异,进行果园信息提取;利用SPOT影像以及野外考察资料作为检验样本进行精度验证。表明综合多种辅助信息,利用决策树分类法提取TM影像果园信息可行且准确性较高。     

基于缨帽变换的农田洪水淹没范围遥感信息提取

针对灾后水中悬浮物质增多和高含水量农作物导致常规水体信息提取方法精度较低的问题，提出了一种基于缨帽变换的农田洪水淹没范围遥感信息提取方法。首先，对灾前、灾后遥感图像进行辐射定标和大气校正。其次，通过缨帽变换获取绿度分量和湿度分量；然后，利用最大类间方差法对湿度分量进行分割，结合绿度分量提取水体信息；最后，叠加农田矢量数据，确定农田洪水淹没范围。以湖南省岳阳市及其附近区域为研究区，从定性和定量两个方面对方法进行精度评价。结果表明，该方法所得结果边界清晰，范围准确，生产者精度和用户精度分别为0.97和0.90。该研究能够为农田灾损评估、洪涝灾害动态监测提供参考。     

基于决策树方法的ETM+影像湿地信息提取

湿地是自然界最富生物多样性的生态系统和人类最重要的生存环境之一,运用遥感影像提取湿地信息,进而对湿地的土地利用/覆盖进行分析,为后续湿地变化检测提供一个适宜的分析方法,对于湿地保护和可持续利用有重要意义.该研究以崇明东滩河口型湿地为例,通过对研究区ETM+影像进行K-T变换、HLS变换,主成分分析,并结合NDVI指数、均值纹理等特征,构建基于知识规则的决策树模型来提取湿地信息,结果表明,决策树模型以其自身优势,能够有针对性地实现湿地信息的快速提取,并取得较高的分类精度.     

基于决策树方法的Landsat8 OLI影像红树林信息自动提取

基于广西山口国家红树林生态自然保护区的Landsat 8 OLI影像数据,选用广泛应用于植被液态水含量反演的归一化差值湿度指数(normalized difference moisture index,NDMI)和修正的归一化差值池塘指数(modified normalized difference pond index,MNDPI)作为分类特征,运用决策树方法进行红树林信息的自动提取。研究结果表明:红树林独特的滨海湿地生境特点,使其光谱同时包含植被和湿地信息;MNDPI和NDMI可分别反映可见光-近红外波段反射率同短波红外波段反射光谱的反差,可成功应用于湿地植被信息的提取,能有效地将红树林同其他地物相区分;采用Landsat8 OLI遥感数据,并结合NDMI和MNDPI分类特征构建的决策树模型可有效地提取红树林信息,其错分率和漏分率都较低,分别为5.34%和1.69%。     

基于缨帽变换影像融合的遥感影像植被信息提取

充分结合缨帽变换、遥感影像融合以及归一化植被指数(NDVI)的优点,提出了一种基于缨帽变换的遥感影像融合与NDVI相结合的植被信息提取方法,并与传统的NDVI方法进行了对比。实验表明,该方法很好地改善了遥感影像植被信息的提取精度,特别是提取道路两旁的行道树以及居民小区中的绿地信息,效果更好。     

森林湿地遥感信息提取方法研究现状

森林湿地是湿地的重要组成部分,因其群落结构复杂,从景观尺度上对其进行识别是湿地研究的难点之一。在分析国内外相关科学文献的基础上,从地理生态环境、影像特征及影像信息处理单元角度分析了森林湿地遥感信息提取方法的研究现状,总结了当前森林湿地遥感提取的特点,并在此基础上初步预测未来森林湿地遥感信息提取方法的发展趋势。结果表明:以水文特征反演为依据,认为基于地理生态环境的提取方法包括基于水文地貌学方法、基于光学遥感和微波遥感的分类方法;基于影像特征提取方法包括基于雷达散射特征决策树、随机森林决策树及航片目视解译法;基于影像信息处理单元角度方法主要有基于像元和对象分类2种方法。     

基于决策树的洪泽湖湿地信息提取

湿地是地球的重要组成部分,快速而准确地提取湿地信息,是湿地动态监测和可持续发展的一项基础而重要的工作.以洪泽湖淡水湿地为研究对象,采用2006年8月19日的Landsat5 TM遥感影像为数据源,采用经K-T变换光谱增强后的数据及利用灰度共生矩阵分析影像第一主成分的纹理统计量作辅助分类变量,基于地物光谱特征、纹理特征和形状特征,运用决策树分类法提取洪泽湖湿地植被信息,将其分类结果与最大似然法的分类结果进行比较.结果表明:1)洪泽湖地区的湿地植被比较丰富,面积约占全湖的10.74％,其中以浮水植物为主.2)基于决策树的分类结果的精度有了明显的提高,总精度由77.33％提高到86.33％,Kappa系数由0.7292提高到0.8354,证明基于决策树分类方法是提取淡水湿地植被信息的有效手段.     

Landsat 8陆地成像仪影像的缨帽变换推导

针对Landsat 8陆地成像仪影像,该文提出了一种缨帽变换系数的推算方法。利用准同步的Landsat ETM+影像缨帽变换结果为目标值,采用普鲁克算法对不同地理分布下的陆地成像仪影像样本点的主成分轴分别进行旋转,得到相应的初始变换系数;通过广义普鲁克分析对所得初始变换系数进行平均化,并以格拉姆-施密特算法保持其正交性,最终得到基于陆地成像仪大气表观反射率数据的缨帽变换系数。验证结果表明,与现有陆地成像仪变换系数相比,该文提出的缨帽变换精度相对较高,误差较小,变换后的不同地物覆盖类型具有更好的可分性。     

利用BP神经网络提取TM影像水体

常用的水体提取方法需要设定阈值,而阈值的选择通常需要反复实验才能确定。为克服这一不足,本文提出了一种基于BP神经网络和光谱特征的水体自动提取方法。首先在TM影像中提取水体样本光谱信息、谱间关系、归一化差异水体指数以及缨帽变换(K-T变换)的第三分量(TC3)特征,然后将这4个特征作为BP神经网络的训练输入参数,最后利用训练好的网络对水体进行提取。对长沙市区TM影像进行水体提取,发现该方法组合了其他方法的优点,在不设置阈值的情况下,得到了更好的水体提取效果。     

天津市滨海新区湿地类型变化及其影响分析

通过对天津1993、1998、2004、2006年的遥感影像解译,探索新区开发过程中湿地类型的转化过程、内、外部原因机制,并根据已有湿地生态系统服务价值的研究,讨论变化引发的后果和影响。结果表明,从1993年至2006年,滨海新区湿地、湿地中天然湿地类型面积减少;从转化的趋势来看,湿地类型向着居民点及建设用地转化,天然湿地向着人工湿地转化。这些转变既带来了丰厚的经济效益也会对当地生态系统造成一定的影响,改变湿地生态系统的格局和功能。     

The potential of using LiDAR and color-infrared aerial imagery for palustrine wetland typology and change

Wetlands are dynamic landscapes and their spatial extent and types can change over time. Mapping wetland locations, types, and monitoring wetland typological changes have important ecological significance. The National Wetlands Inventory data suffer from two problems: the omission error that some wetlands are not mapped, and the out-of-date wetland types in many counties of the United States. To address these two problems, we proposed an automatic wetland classification model for newly mapped (or existing) wetland polygons lacking typological information. The research goals in this study were (1) to develop a nonparametric and automatic rule-based model to assign wetland types to palustrine wetlands using high-resolution remotely sensed data and (2) to quantify wetland typological changes based on the wetland types obtained from the previous step. The model is a direct application of the Cowardin et al. (1979) wetland classification system without modification. The input information for the proposed model includes Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-derived vegetation height and color infrared aerial imagery-derived vegetation spectral information. We tested the model for the palustrine wetlands in Horry County, SC, and analyzed 29,090 palustrine wetland polygons (101,427 ha). The model achieved an overall agreement of 87% for wetland-type classification and showed the dynamics of wetland typological changes. This nonparametric model can be easily applied to other areas where wetland inventory needs updating.     

Mapping Wetland Areas Using Landsat-Derived NDVI and LSWI: A Case Study of West Songnen Plain,Northeast China

Increasing interest in wetlands for environmental management requires an understanding of the location, spatial extent, and configuration of the resource. The National Wetlands Inventory is the most commonly used data source for this information. However, its accuracy is limited in some contexts, such as agricultural and forested wetlands. An large number of studies have mapped wetlands worldwide from the perspective of land use and land cover change. However, information on the actual wetland planting areas annually is limited, which greatly impacts ongoing research. In this case study of the West Songnen Plain, we developed a simple algorithm for the quick mapping of wetlands by utilizing their unique physical features, such as annual display of phenological land-cover change of exposed soils, shallow flooding water, and plants from multi-temporal Landsat images. Temporal variations of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) derived from Landsat images in 2010 for wetlands at different growth stages were analyzed. Results show that during the ante-tillering phase, the NDVI value (above zero) is lower than the LSWI value of paddies because of flooding of shallow water; during the reproductive and ripening phases, the NDVI value is higher than the LSWI value (above zero); and during the post-harvest wetland planting phase, the NDVI value is still higher than the LSWI value, but the LSWI value is negative. Wetland areas can be detected using one or two images in the optimum time window. The algorithm based on the difference of NDVI and LSWI values derived from Landsat images was used to extract the actual wetland planting area. Validated alongside statistical data, the algorithm showed high accuracy. Therefore, this algorithm highlights the unique features of wetlands and can help in mapping the actual wetland area annually on a regional scale. Results further indicate that the new method has a classification accuracy of 92 %. In comparison, two traditional methods based on Landsat-7/ETM registered accuracy rates of only 83 % and 87 % respectively.     

Study of coastal wetland classification based on decision rules using ALOS AVNIR-2 images and ancillary geospatial data

Wetlands play irreplaceable key roles in ecological and environmental procedures. To make effective conservation and management, it is essential to understand the wetlands’ distribution and changes. In this study, an approach based on decision rules algorithm in conjunction with maximum likelihood classification is proposed for coastal wetland mapping using multi-temporal remotely sensed imagery and ancillary geospatial data. As a case study, Multi-temporal Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 images acquired by Japanese Advanced Land Observation Satellite are analysed to investigate the seasonal change pattern of coastal wetlands in Washington State, USA. Geospatial data, including Digital Elevation Model and spatial neighbourhood knowledge, are further integrated to characterize wetland features and discriminate classes within a certain elevation ranges. The final result is a refined coastal wetland map with 15 land cover categories. Preliminary evaluation of the final result shows that the proposed approach is effective in coastal wetland mapping.     

Mapping wetland characteristics using temporally dense Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data: A case study in the St. Lucia wetlands,South Africa

Wetlands have been determined as one of the most valuable ecosystems on Earth and are currently being lost at alarming rates. Large-scale monitoring of wetlands is of high importance, but also challenging. The Sentinel-1 and -2 satellite missions for the first time provide radar and optical data at high spatial and temporal detail, and with this a unique opportunity for more accurate wetland mapping from space arises. Recent studies already used Sentinel-1 and -2 data to map specific wetland types or characteristics, but for comprehensive wetland characterisations the potential of the data has not been researched yet. The aim of our research was to study the use of the high-resolution and temporally dense Sentinel-1 and -2 data for wetland mapping in multiple levels of characterisation. The use of the data was assessed by applying Random Forests for multiple classification levels including general wetland delineation, wetland vegetation types and surface water dynamics. The results for the St. Lucia wetlands in South Africa showed that combining Sentinel-1 and -2 led to significantly higher classification accuracies than for using the systems separately. Accuracies were relatively poor for classifications in high-vegetated wetlands, as subcanopy flooding could not be detected with Sentinel-1’s C-band sensors operating in VV/VH mode. When excluding high-vegetated areas, overall accuracies were reached of 88.5% for general wetland delineation, 90.7% for mapping wetland vegetation types and 87.1% for mapping surface water dynamics. Sentinel-2 was particularly of value for general wetland delineation, while Sentinel-1 showed more value for mapping wetland vegetation types. Overlaid maps of all classification levels obtained overall accuracies of 69.1% and 76.4% for classifying ten and seven wetland classes respectively.     

潮汐和植被物候影响下的潮间带湿地遥感提取

潮间带湿地具有重要的生态和经济价值,但受到全球变化影响,发生大面积退化甚至丧失.掌握潮间带湿地的时空分布特征,对海岸带资源的科学管理具有重要意义.由于受到多云多雨天气和潮汐动态淹没的影响,单时相遥感数据难以获取完整的潮间带湿地信息.因此,本研究开发了一种基于时序遥感指数的潮间带湿地分类算法,并以福建省亚热带海岸带为例,...     

双台河口保护区湿地景观格局变化研究

在分析国内外主要湿地分类系统、总结有关湿地分类方法的基础上,结合双台河口保护区的实际情况,建立了适合研究区的湿地景观分类体系。利用1988年、2001年和2007年三个时相的Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像数据,分析研究区内湿地景观类型的变化特点,以及影响研究区湿地景观格局变化的主要因素。分析结果表明:从1988年到2007年,研究区内以天然湿地为主,但天然湿地面积呈减少趋势,比重从72.68%降到56.64%;人工湿地面积比重逐渐上升,从2.93%上升到11.86%,增加量为1988年人工湿地面积的3.04倍;非湿地面积的比重从24.38%变化到31.50%。人为因素已成为研究区湿地景观格局变化的主导因素。     

Improved coastal wetland mapping using very-high 2-meter spatial resolution imagery

Accurate wetland maps are a fundamental requirement for land use management and for wetland restoration planning. Several wetland map products are available today; most of them based on remote sensing images, but their different data sources and mapping methods lead to substantially different estimations of wetland location and extent. We used two very high-resolution (2 m) WorldView-2 satellite images and one (30 m) Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image to assess wetland coverage in two coastal areas of Tampa Bay (Florida): Fort De Soto State Park and Weedon Island Preserve. An initial unsupervised classification derived from WorldView-2 was more accurate at identifying wetlands based on ground truth data collected in the field than the classification derived from Landsat 8 OLI (82% vs. 46% accuracy). The WorldView-2 data was then used to define the parameters of a simple and efficient decision tree with four nodes for a more exacting classification. The criteria for the decision tree were derived by extracting radiance spectra at 1500 separate pixels from the WorldView-2 data within field-validated regions. Results for both study areas showed high accuracy in both wetland (82% at Fort De Soto State Park, and 94% at Weedon Island Preserve) and non-wetland vegetation classes (90% and 83%, respectively). Historical, published land-use maps overestimate wetland surface cover by factors of 2–10 in the study areas. The proposed methods improve speed and efficiency of wetland map production, allow semi-annual monitoring through repeat satellite passes, and improve the accuracy and precision with which wetlands are identified.     

基于3S技术的武汉城市湿地景观变迁

采用3S技术,以武汉城区为研究区,采用1991年、2003年Landsat-TM影像及2009年的CBERS02B-CCD影像为数据源,运用多尺度影像分割与目视解译相结合的方法提取3期湿地信息,并分析武汉城区近18年来湿地景观格局动态变迁。结果表明,近18年间城市湿地总面积减少,斑块的数目增加,破碎程度增加,平均斑块形...