基于缓波布置构型的深水立管动力优化机理研究

缓波型立管可以有效降低深水立管的顶端张力,缓解浮式结构运动对立管触地区的耦合作用,从而提高立管触地区的疲劳寿命。通过改进细长杆理论模型以及浮力段等效优化,提出基于多重波形串联布置的深水缓波型立管构型(简称多重缓波型立管),通过对比不同浮式结构垂荡激振以及海流作用下悬链线立管、缓波型立管以及多重缓波型立管的动力响应特征和运动传递路径,探究缓波布置构型对深水立管动力响应的影响规律和对立管触地区运动的解耦机理。结果表明:基于缓波布置构型的深水立管通过构建缓波构型可以大大降低立管触地区的法向运动响应,进而优化该区域的动态曲率及抗疲劳性能;相比于缓波型立管,多重缓波型立管在动态轴力及动态曲率等方面没有显著优势,但在触地区曲率幅值响应上具有一定竞争力。     

基于进化算法的浮筒配置优化问题的研究

根据浮筒配置方案的设计要求和合理性检验准则,给出了方案的优化模型。针对问题的复杂性,结合约束支配的概念,提出了一种改进的将浮筒纵向位置配置和浮筒充气量综合考虑、一体优化多目标进化算法。通过算例分析可知,将多目标进化算法以及约束支配的概念应用到浮筒配置优化方案是可行的、有效的。     

非线性海床土深水缓波型立管动力响应分析

缓波立管的结构形式能够有效改善立管触地区的动力响应,达到保护立管触地区的目的。基于集中质量法和考虑土体弱化的非线性海床土模型,用等效浮力的方法将缓波立管浮力段简化,并在Orca Flex中建立传统钢悬链线立管和缓波立管的集中质量模型进行分析,考虑立管结构形式、浮力段长度和浮力段起始位置的影响,得到立管静态位形、触地点张力和弯矩、立管贯入深度以及触地点海床阻力等结果进行比较。结果表明:浮力段的配置会提高立管静态弯矩分布水平,但合理的缓波立管设计能有效改善立管触地区的动力响应,抑制海底沟槽的发展,达到保护立管触地区的目的。     

陡波型柔性立管浮力块参数优化及应用

浮力块分布和外径等参数直接影响柔性立管在环境载荷作用下的动力响应,对某深水柔性立管进行陡波型布置,开展时域内的整体动态有限元分析,得到浮力块分布和外径对柔性立管动力响应的影响规律,表明浮力块参数是陡波型柔性立管整体设计的一个重要因素。立管动力响应是弯曲加强器的设计载荷,根据上述规律,构造具有不同浮力块参数的柔性立管模型,进行多工况动态分析,通过对比弯曲加强器设计载荷对(T,θ)的散点图,得到弯曲加强器设计载荷优化方法及最优设计载荷。     

基于粒子群算法的浮筒配置优化问题的研究

针对传统的验证法在解决浮筒配置问题中存在的计算量大、计算时间长、工作重复性强等缺点,提出了一种将浮筒纵向位置配置和浮筒充气量综合考虑、一体优化的方法。文章将各种合理性校验准则作为约束条件,通过逼近沉艇起浮瞬间和浮起后的平衡状态,来求取各对浮筒的纵向位置和充气量,将浮筒配置问题转换为一个多目标、多约束的最优化问题。在此基础上,根据粒子群优化算法的特点,提出了一种双向搜索策略,来求解浮筒配置优化问题。这种方法简单实用,计算时间短,无需人工干预,算法运行一次可获得多组配置方案供决策人员选择。算例表明用这种方法来解决浮筒配置问题是可行的、有效的。     

新型浮式防波堤水动力性能数值研究

针对设计的新型双浮筒+Savinious型(S型)桨叶浮式防波堤的结构形式,基于势波理论和结构耦合水动力分析理论,利用面元积分和Newmark-β时间步进格式进行计算,研究其在线性规则波作用下的消波性能、运动响应和系泊张力响应,验证该结构的合理性。数值计算结果表明,阻尼修正后的防波堤纵摇运动响应合理,在波高H=1.5 m、波浪周期T=3 s下其消浪性能较为理想,透射系数达到0.65,同时系泊线张力呈周期响应并满足最大破断力的条件。此外,还研究了浮筒相对间距S1/L,浮筒—桨叶相对间距S2/L以及Savinious型桨叶高径比d/h三个无量纲关键几何参数对防波堤透射系数Ct和系泊线时域张力响应的影响。计算结果表明,浮筒间距S1越接近波长,防波堤消波性能越好,但迎浪侧张力响应幅值越大;随着浮筒—桨叶相对间距S2/L由0趋近于1,其透射系数随之减小,但迎浪侧张力响应幅值基本保持不变;减小桨叶的高径比d/h可以提高防波堤消波性能的稳定性,但张力响应幅值随之增大。     

6000m级探测型AUV优化设计与阻力分析

使用ISIGHT集成EXCEL,ICEM,ANSYS FLUENT软件,搭建封闭耦合优化仿真平台。根据任务需求和布置需要得到设计变量、状态变量和目标函数,采用多岛遗传算法,优化求解得到局部最优AUV设计结果。借助SOLIDWORKS设计得到全附体模型,使用ANSYS CFX分别在0°,±2°,±4°,±8°,±16°攻角的条件下,计算其阻力值,经过经验公式对摩擦阻力的计算结果进行理论验证,证明了计算结果的可靠性。为6 000 m级探测型AUV的总体方案设计提供了线型参考和布局依据。     

半潜式平台垂荡响应抑制措施研究

半潜式平台垂荡响应较大,对生产平台立管和采油树系统的选择、钻井平台钻杆升沉补偿装置等提出更高要求,增大了作业和维护成本。针对这一问题,在传统结构基础上提出了三种新的结构概念:1)在浮筒底部加垂荡板;2)沿立柱外延加垂荡板;3)改变立柱为变截面结构。通过数值分析对各平台模型水动力性能进行比较,结果表明,各新型结构对半潜式平台垂荡起到一定程度的抑制效果。由于在浮筒底部加垂荡板的方案效果比较突出,对该方案进一步做了优化和改进工作,并对平台在南海百年一遇波浪环境条件下的垂荡响应概率密度函数和响应极值进行了预报和对比研究。     

柔性立管钟型嘴形状参数设计研究

钟型嘴限制柔性立管顶端部分的过度弯曲,进而保护柔性立管。针对规范API RP 17B中曲率与弧长成线性关系的钟型嘴几何形状进行优化设计研究,提出两种优化方案。首先推导规范方案及优化方案的钟型嘴几何公式,再分析对比不同方案中钟型嘴的弧长与质量,最后利用OrcaFlex软件对比分析不同方案中柔性立管顶端部分的曲率、柔性立管与钟型嘴的接触力以及柔性立管顶端部分的有效张力,对优化方案进行综合评估。结果表明:形状优化后的钟型嘴不但均能够满足保护柔性立管的性能要求,而且在体积和质量方面均得到改善,其中曲率与弧长的平方根成线性关系的钟型嘴的体积和质量最小。     

基于拓扑优化与多目标优化的集装箱相似畸变模型设计

使用相似原理构建缩尺模型是探究大型结构性能的最基本和最优途径。基于PATRAN软件的PCL语言与ISIGHT软件,提出一种联合静动力学、拓扑优化与多目标优化的集装箱相似畸变模型构建方法。利用拓扑优化的SIMP法(Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization)得到缩尺集装箱墙壁结构的最优材料分布,既保证了结构性能又降低了缩尺模型的重量;基于全局多目标算法建立优化模型,采用有限元方法对集装箱性能进行分析,以结构刚度和一阶模态频率为目标函数进行寻优,得到相似模型的最优设计参数。最终利用有限元分析验证该模型的合理性。结果表明:该方法具有一定的通用性,能为其它类似结构的相似模型构建提供参考。     

Compliant vertical access riser assessment: DOE analysis and dynamic response optimization

As a contribution to the deepwater oil and gas industry, this paper addresses the use of optimization techniques together with a design of experiments (DOE) assessment, as a way of automating the design of compliant vertical access risers (CVARs) while also leading to an optimal riser configuration based on some desired efficiency parameters. The CVAR is a new riser concept that can improve the structural performance of the production system and also provide several operational benefits. The DOE is a statistical technique that provides an objective measure of how design parameters are correlated and the effective contribution of each one at the riser performance. Based on such a study some general conclusive remarks on the global behavior of CVAR will be presented. Such results also play an important role for the optimization process, as it can highlight significant design parameters, enabling design simplifications and efficiency improvement. For optimization assessment, geometric parameters are taken as the design variables and the design constraints consider both structural integrity and operational criteria. A multi-objective approach is considered taking into account the structural performance and geometric criteria. Optimal solution is obtained by NSGA-II method. Extreme and operational environmental conditions of a Brazilian offshore field are used as the base case.     

Optimization design on the riser system of next generation subsea production system with the assistance of DOE and surrogate model techniques

The Next Generation Subsea Production System (NextGen SPS) is a new concept for petroleum development in ultra-deep water (UDW) areas. It can improve the structural performance of riser as well as provide several operational benefits to subsurface well completion (SWC) equipment. The design of NextGen SPS’s riser system which includes rigid riser and flexible jumper—like the free standing hybrid riser (FSHR), is a very important issue for the definition of NextGen SPS. This paper details an optimization design on the NextGen SPS’s riser system, with the assistance of the design of experiments (DOE) and surrogate model techniques. The optimization model pertaining to riser system is formulated firstly. The DOE is a statistical technique that guides a sensitive study on the behavior of the riser system before the optimization analysis. Structural responses are obtained by the fully coupled methodology. Through such a preliminary study, the effective contribution of each design variable at the riser performance will be known and some general conclusive remarks will be obtained. Based on the DOE results, design variables are screened to improve the efficiency of optimization process. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is employed to conduct the optimization analysis. In this analysis, surrogate models, which are developed by back propagation neural network (BPNN), replace the time consuming dynamic analysis to predict structural responses. Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method is adopted to generate training sample and testing sample for the BPNN. NextGen SPS that operates at a depth of 3000 m is used as the case for this investigation. The efficiency of optimization design is improved by DOE and surrogate techniques, and a reduction of approximately 46% for the riser system cost is achieved. The obtained conclusions have applicability in reference to the engineering design of FSHR and the study procedure will provide reference for study on other new structure concept.     

A methodology for structural analysis and optimization of riser connection joints

In riser structural systems, the region where the riser is connected to the platform is critical due to the development of high stress levels. To reduce the stress concentration in this region, bend stiffeners and stress joints are used in order to provide a gradual stiffness transition between the riser and the platform. The present paper presents an optimization design approach for bend stiffeners and stress joints, using a slender beam procedure for the connection joint analysis and an evolution strategies multi-objective optimization algorithm. This approach produces similar results when compared to a finite element analysis of the complete riser, but with significant reduction of computational costs. Numerical examples are presented, showing the efficiency and robustness of the suggested methodology.     

Neumann-Michell theory-based multi-objective optimization of hull form for a naval surface combatant

A numerical multi-objective optimization procedure is proposed here to describe the development and application of a practical hydrodynamic optimization tool, OPTShip-SJTU. Three components including hull form modification module, hydrodynamic performance evaluation module and optimization module consist of this tool. The free-form deformation (FFD) method and shifting method are utilized as parametric hull surface modification techniques to generate a series of realistic hull forms subjected to geometric constraints, and the Neumann-Michell (NM) theory is implemented to predict the wave drag. Moreover, NSGA-II, a muti-objective genetic algorithm, is adopted to produce pareto-optimal front, and kriging model is used for predicting the total resistance during the optimization process to reduce the computational cost. Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method is introduced to represent the influence of each design variable on the objective functions. In present work, a surface combatant DTMB Model 5415 is used as the initial design, and optimal solutions with obvious drag reductions at specific speeds are obtained. Eventually, three of optimal hulls are analyzed by NM theory and a RANS-based CFD solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU respectively. Numerical results confirm the availability and reliability of this multi-objective optimization tool.     

Reliability-based design optimization of an FPSO riser support using moving least squares response surface meta-models

The paper deals with the reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) of a riser support installed on a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit under operation, extreme, damaged, and one line failure cases and installation loading conditions. The optimization problem is formulated such that probabilistic thickness variables described with random characteristics are determined by minimizing the weight of the riser support structure subjected to stress constraints for the given target reliability. The initial design model is generated based on actual FPSO riser support specifications. The finite element analysis is conducted using NASTRAN, and the probabilistic optimal solutions are obtained via the moving least squares method in the context of RBDO using a response surface meta-model. For the meta-modeling of the inequality constraint functions of stresses, a constraint-feasible moving least squares method (CF-MLSM) is adopted in the present study. The CF-MLSM has been shown to ensure constraint feasibility regardless of the nonlinearity of the constraint function, the feasible bounds, and the random characteristics during the meta-model-based RBDO process. The solution results from the proposed RBDO strategy present improved design performances under various riser operating conditions.     

低温柔性管道关键结构层的多目标优化设计

低温柔性管道是海上浮式液化天然气装置系统(FLNG)的核心输运装备。针对低温柔性管道多材料、多层复合的结构设计难点,将其按照不同功能解耦成内衬层、抗拉铠装层以及辅助层三个关键结构层。基于神经网络模型(RBF)、Kriging模型以及响应面模型(RSM)三种建模方法建立了上述三个结构层响应分析的代理模型,并通过模型准确度的比较,发现RBF的误差均最小。在优化设计中,基于遗传算法分别对低温柔性管道上述关键结构层进行多目标优化设计。在内衬层结构的优化中,以质量及弯曲刚度最小为优化目标;在抗拉铠装层结构的优化中,以质量最小及拉伸刚度最大为优化目标;在辅助层结构的优化中,以质量、弯曲刚度及传热速率最小为优化目标。研究工作为低温柔性管道的结构提供了关键设计参数及理性的设计方法。     

WEC-透空式防波堤集成装置能量转换效率研究

基于成本共享理念的波浪能发电装置(WEC)的开发与设计为降低建设成本提供了新的研究思路,应用计算流体力学方法对在透空箱式防波堤前附加垂荡浮子的集成装置进行数值模拟研究,主要研究了流体黏性和非线性PTO系统以及浮子形状对此类集成装置能量转换效率的影响。结果表明,此类集成装置可以获得较高的波能捕获宽度比(CWR),最高可达0.7,可以较好地利用反射波波能。共振区间上受黏性影响较大,相比于线性无黏理论解,CWR下降明显;实现了2种非线性PTO系统的模拟,有待于进一步的优化未获得更高的CWR值;浮子形状优化效果明显,采用圆底形浮子受黏性影响更小,可以获得更大的CWR值。此种集成模型的模拟和研究可以为新型防波堤设计和现有防波堤的改造提供思路和参考。     

新模块化单桩缓冲系泊浮式集成结构系统研究

为配合我国南海重要岛礁陆域拓展及海洋资源开发,提出了一种基于新型单桩缓冲系泊与波浪能装置(WEC)集成的具有潮汐自适应特性的模块化浮体结构系统。基于三维势流理论,综合考虑浮体模块与单桩缓冲结构的相对运动及相关波浪能装置的机械耦合机理,重点研究了新型单模块浮式结构系统在典型海况下的动力响应特征,获得了单桩缓冲系泊系统的初步优化设计参数,并对极端海况进行安全校核,提出了优化自存策略。数值结果表明,此带有波浪能装置的新型单桩缓冲系泊系统,不仅可以有效地降低浮体模块的运动响应幅值并改善平台舒适度,还可以获得可观的发电量,而且在极端海况下,可以通过调整阻尼装置系统来稳定浮体模块的运动。