天目山深溪流域晚更新世晚期以来环境演变

运用多种研究方法对天目山深溪流域晚更新世晚期以来的环境演变进行了系统分析．结果表明：１．晚更新世晚期以来本区至少经历了２个冷期即末次冰期盛冰期、新仙女木时期和３个温暖期;２．在末次冰期盛冰期时本区的年平均气温未低于０℃,不具备冰川发育条件,至多为一种冰缘环境     

1.2Ma B.P.以来西宁盆地沙漠化问题初探

西宁盆地大墩岭黄土剖面Ｌ１、Ｌ２、Ｌ１５中存在３层古风成砂。沉积年代及各种环境的分析表明，这３层风成砂分别代表了１．２ＭａＢ．Ｐ．以来西宁盆地中更新世初，中更新世末和晚更新世晚期发生的３次较大规模的流沙活动。进一分析得出西宁盆地的沙漠化正逆过程受地第四纪全球气候波动变化以及青藏高原隆升的影响。第四经青藏高原冰川的冰缘作用为其边缘的沙漠、黄土沉积提供了丰富的物质来源。     

云南大理点苍山地区更新世晚期沉积地层的ESR测所研究

本文采用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）方法测定了云南点苍山地区更新世晚期沉积地层的形成年代。测年结果显示：（１）点苍山地区冰川沉积物的ＥＳＲ年龄均小于１４０．３５ＫａＢＰ．，说明该地区的第四纪冰川作用最早出现于中更新世晚期，主要发生于晚更新世；（２）点苍山西麓平坡附近最高一级基座阶地的堆积时代为１８４．３ＫａＢＰ．，证明西洱河阶地系列为中更新世以来的产物；（３）点苍山东侧白雀寺地区深３．７ｍ处的褐红色地层     

临夏盆地早更新世东山古湖沉积的高分辨率气候记录

临夏盆地东山古湖（２．３５～１．６５ＭａＢ．Ｐ．）沉积厚达８４ｍ,是六盘山以西早更新世湖相沉积的典型代表。以２．５ｍ的间隔对其进行系统采样,以ＣａＣＯ３含量变化为指标建立高分辨率的气候变化曲线,对曲线进行周期分析表明,东山古湖所反映的气候波动具有明显的４１０００ａ主导周期;其中２．２８ＭａＢ．Ｐ．和１．７５～１．８０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．时段为两个明显的冷湿时期,表明东亚季风在建立初期具有不稳定性。     

末次冰期盛期中国热带的变迁

参照约６０个实例,探讨末次冰期盛期中国热带位置的纬度地带性和经度地带性变迁。当时,热带中部、热带北部、亚热带南部３个地带的北界分别南移５个、２个、６个纬距。经度地带性差异可分为５个区。其年均温下降幅度,台湾岛最大（５￣９℃）,两广及海南岛其次（３￣４℃）,闽南粤东较小（２￣３℃）,滇南最小（１￣２℃）。南海冬季水温降幅较大（２．４￣５．７℃）。除闽南、粤东、南海趋于冷干外,大部分地区环境趋于冷湿。     

从航片上观察点苍山冰川地貌

本文利用点苍山地区１：３．８万黑白航空像片，通过目视判读初步查明大理点苍山晚更新世冰川作用的特征，其冰蚀地貌主要沿北北西向主山脊线两侧分布，发现大小冰斗、冰盆和雪蚀洼地共约７０处；冰斗冰湖、角峰和刃脊是其主要的冰蚀形态；根据冰斗分布高度、形态规模和后期的侵蚀破坏程度，将点苍山的古冰川作用划分为大小海子冰期、大理冰期Ｉ期和大理冰期Ⅱ期，它们的雪线高度分别为：３２５０－３５５０ｍ、３７００－３８００ｍ     

粤北地区夷平面的初步研究

本文首先简要讨论了夷平面和多层地形的几个成因模式，然后提出了夷平面的模糊数学识别方法和野外鉴别标志，在此基础上，鉴别出了粤北地区铁四级夷平面，即：英德面（高程３００￣３６０ｍ）、仁化面（高程４００￣４７０ｍ）、阳山面（高程６００￣７８０ｍ）和粤北面（高程１０１０￣１３５０ｍ），其形成时代分别大致为Ｑ、Ｎ１＾３－Ｎ２、Ｅ３＾２－Ｅ１＾２和Ｋ２－Ｅ３初，其中以粤北面形成的周期最长，代表了华南地区的广泛     

南极长城湾夏季叶绿素a变化的研究

１９９２年１２月～１９９３年３月、１９９３年１２月～１９９４年２月、１９９４年１２月／１９９５年３月连续３个夏季期间在南极长城湾进行了海洋生态系统调查,利用获得的浮游植物现存量（叶绿素ａ）资料进行分析研究发现：１９９２／１９９３年夏季叶绿素ａ含量最高,平均值为３．７９ｍｇ／ｍ３,变化幅度也最大,为１０．１０ｍｇ／ｍ３。连续３个夏季的年际变化趋势是３．７９ｍｇ／ｍ３（１９９２／１９９３）＞１．８０ｍｇ／ｍ３（１９９３／１９９４）＞１．２０ｍｇ／ｍ３（１９９４／１９９５）。而变化的幅度也同样依次为１０．１０ｍｇ／ｍ３＞６．５７ｍｇ／ｍ３＞２．４１ｍｇ／ｍ３。所获得的结果与南极地区相同季节其它近海海水中的叶绿素ａ含量进行比较得知：除Ｇｅｒｌａｃｈｅ海峡（１９５９年１月）１１．６０ｍｇ／ｍ３和ＭｃＭｕｒｄｏ海峡（１９６１年１２月）５６．１０ｍｇ／ｍ３外,这次调查结果属中上水平。本文还对该海域叶绿素ａ的垂直分布状况进行了分析。     

查格勒布鲁剖面—晚更新世以来东亚季风进退的地层记录

本文着重分析了查格勒布鲁剖面沉积物的粒度特征和孢粉组合特征，结合（１４）Ｃ测年、古冰缘现象和沉积物化学元素的ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３分子比值变化规律指出，晚更新世以来巴丹吉林沙漠南缘地区的气候条件随全球冰期气候的波动亦经历了由晚更新世早期的相对温湿阶段、晚更新世晚期尤其是末次盛冰期的干冷阶段向全新世温暖期的演化过程。东亚夏季风尾阎在晚更新世早期到达甚至越过本区影响到拐子湖一带，晚更新世晚期本区受冬季风的控制，全新世以来东亚夏季风尾闾又向本区推进，并于全新世大暖期对本区造成明显影响。     

福建冠豸山丹霞地貌成因及旅游景观特色

福建冠豸山自晚株罗世以来经历了山间盆地形成和侏罗、白垩系巨厚砂砾岩堆积成岩阶段,新构造运动中使盆地隆升和节理发育。自第三纪以来主要经夯了４次较大幅度具掀斜性质的抬升过程。从４级夷平面的相对高差可知,第一、二次抬升之间幅度差为３４～７８．８ｍ,第二、三次抬升之间的幅度差为８１～１００ｍ,第三、四次为３８～４６ｍ。在抬升过程中,受内力挤压和四周围岩压力逐渐消失造成的卸荷作用影响,岩层出现众多深大裂隙和     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,