电子回旋脉泽不稳定性驱动的太阳射电辐射机制

在解释天体爆发过程中的短时标相干射电辐射现象方面,非热电子驱动的回旋脉泽辐射得到了广泛应用.在以往的研究中,一个关键条件是非热电子具有各向异性速度分布,从而有效激发回旋脉泽不稳定性.然而,观测显示太阳和其他天体的非热电子经常呈现负幂律谱形式的能量分布.非热电子的这种负幂律能谱特征会严重抑制回旋脉泽不稳定性放大率,因此,进一步研究非热电子的负幂律能谱分布行为,能拓宽电子回旋脉泽辐射机制的适用性,很好地发展天体射电辐射机制理论.最近研究结果显示,负幂律谱电子的低能截止行为可以有效地激发电子回旋脉泽辐射,从而拓宽了其在天体物理研究中的应用范围.     

非均匀磁场中电子的运动和辐射

本文讨论了一类适用于描述中性片过程的非均匀磁场中的电子运动和辐射,预言了沿中性片飞出粒子动量的可能的量子化,给出了这类非均匀磁场中同步辐射和回旋辐射的角谱分布,并和均匀磁场情况作了比较。     

电子回旋脉■和太阳微波毫秒级尖峰辐射

本文提出由非热电子(60keV)的空心束(hollow beam)分布激发回旋脉降作为太阳微波毫秒级尖峰辐射的产生机制。文中求得了非常波模二次谐波的增长率及其随时间的变化、脉泽的饱和时间、饱和波能密度及脉降辐射的方向特征。 结果得到,当磁场强度B=507G,等离子体数密度n_(?)=4×10~9cm~(-3),电子温度T_e=1.4×10~6K,非热电子数密度与热电子数密度之比(n_s/n_e)≈4×10~(-5),磁场标高时,将在2.84GHz频率上产生高亮温度(T_b≈5×10~(15)K)的毫秒级尖峰辐射。     

太阳Ⅳ型分米波爆的非线性散射机制

本文提出了一种IV_(dm)型爆发的非线性散射机制和其频谱的理论计算方法.假设被捕在磁镜(IV_(dm)爆发源)的非热电子是由损失锥间隙分布所组成.非热电子(E≈500keV)激发等离子体波,经离子上的非线性散射而转换成Iv_(dm)爆发的横波.理论计算的频谱与观测符合较好,两者比较得到非热电子在源中随高度的分布以及总的IV_(dm)爆发源中的非热电子数为10~(32).另外,朗谬尔波对背景热电子有加速作用,计算v≈24vf_e的一个热电子可加速到约6MeV.可见朗谬尔湍动对电子加速是很有效的.     

1997年11月2日微波尖峰源背景参数的诊断

利用北京天文台高时间和高频率分辨率的射电频谱仪对射电尖峰的测量,可以对背景等离子体参数进行的自洽诊断（ 磁场,密度,温度,波矢,及非热电子的性质） 。该诊断基于电子回旋脉塞不稳定性和回旋共振吸收。最后从诊断结果和太阳日冕典型参数的比较以确定尖峰辐射的谐波数。     

太阳IV型分米波爆的波-波非线性相互作用机制

本文提议了太阳IV_(dm)型爆发的波-波非线性相互作用机制及其频谱的数值计算方法.假设Iv_(dm)型爆发源位在太阳日冕0.6 R_⊙地方,磁场强度为4G—23G的一个磁瓶.它捕获在爆炸相期间受到加速的非热电子(E_0=100keV).这些各向异性的非热电子同时激发朗谬尔波和哨声波.这两种波的非线性结合过程产生了lV_(dm)型爆发的横波.数值计算1972,8,2,0330的频谱与观测符合较好.两者比较得到非热电子数密度随频率(高度)的分布,还得到IV_(dm)型爆发源中的平均电子数密度为372/cm~3,源中的总的非热电子数为10~(32).这比迥旋-同步加速机制所需的非热电子数少1—2量级.文中还谈到了哨声波调制朗谬尔波导致分米波爆随时间振荡的可能性.     

太阳耀斑非热电子动力学研究

主要讨论太阳耀斑过程中非热电子动力学过程的理论模型以及在硬X射线和射电波段的观测特征。现在广为接受的非热电子动力学过程的模型是"俘获+沉降"模型,由电子的加速、注入、沉降、俘获及能量损失5个部分组成。射电和硬X射线爆发是非热电子在输运过程中与磁场、背景等离子体及其产生的波等相互作用的产物,是非热电子动力学过程的即时反映。通过分析射电和硬X射线辐射的流量、谱和成像特征,可以研究非热电子的空间分布和时间演化,研究非热电子输运过程中发生的碰撞、辐射、散射、波-波、波-粒相互作用等物理过程,研究耀斑磁场、背景等离子体特征,进而为太阳耀斑的磁场结构、太阳大气分布、磁重联模型的研究提供理论和观测依据。     

日冕磁场和重联的射电信号

总结了近期用射电频谱仪（高时间和高频谱分辨）和野边山射电日像仪（高空间分辨）以及国内外其它空间和地面设备分析日冕磁场和重联的系列工作。主要结论可归纳为：1）在Dulk等人（1982）的近似下自恰计算射电爆发源区磁场的平行和垂直分量，并首次得到该磁场在日面的两雏分布。2）为了考虑非热电子低能截止的影响，必须采用更严格的回旋同步辐射理论来计算。结果表明：低能截止和日冕磁场对计算有明显的影响，而其它参数（包括背景温度、密度、高能截止和辐射方向）的影响均可忽略。因此，对低能截止和日冕磁场必须联立求解。3）射电爆发中的精细结构可能反映了射电爆发源比较靠近粒子加速（磁场重联）的区域，利用高时间和高频率分辨的频谱仪和高空间分辨的日像仪联合分析，可以确定精细结构的源区位置，从而确定粒子加速（磁场重联）的准确时间和地点。     

从一个微波C型爆推算到的高能电子数

本文分析了Sag。Hill天文台观测到的1989年3月6日在1353 UT左右发生的一个罕见的大C型爆,即延伸型耀斑大爆发。假设射电辐射来自处于磁环顶部的均匀源,采用合适的日冕磁场值(100高斯),可推算出射电源中的非热电子总数N_R(5.6×10~(37)),这与一个标准硬X射线发射(I_p=10~6ε~(-3.5))的薄靶模型所预计的非热电子总数N_X(2.8×10~(37))相近。由此表明这两类辐射可能有共同的或紧密相关的非热电子分布起源。文中还用统计规律估算该事件的硬X射线大于30keV以上各通道的总记数率,即HXRBS峰率F_X为1.1×10~5s~(-1)。 文中还分析了长期存有争论的N_R与N_X相差10~3—10~5的原因,可能主要是N_R估计不准。这种估计不准,除理论原因外,还有流量测量精度不够的原因。如流量测量误差在±30％时,就可使N_R的估计值相差10~2—10~3。     

银河系疏散星团中的蓝离散星(英文)

作为目前研究复杂恒星系统的有力工具 ,星族合成方法是建立在单星演化理论基础之上的 ,因此 ,必然有其不完善性存在 ,尤其当系统中的双星成分不容忽视时。作为演化星族合成方法的基本单元 ,简单恒星星族模型的构成即排除了双星贡献。本文中 ,我们以银河系疏散星团为简单恒星星族模板 ,构造出一系列简单恒星星族积分光谱。从中我们可以看到 :蓝离散星这类理论上主要来源于双星系统的恒星 ,对星团积分光谱的紫外及蓝端有很大影响 ,从而造成简单恒星星族积分光谱能量分布的改变。这种改变势必影响对星团年龄及其它一些物理参量的判定 ,并最终影响星族合成的结果。同时 ,若以 (B -V )色指数进行度量 ,蓝离散星对简单恒星星族积分颜色的影响可达到 30 %。工作中 ,我们选取了 2 6个年龄在1x10 1 0 ～ 6x10 1 0 年之间的疏散星团为样本进行统计研究。     

Radiation transfer of gyrosynchrotron emission in stellar environments

Non-thermal radio emission has been detected from several kinds of active stars. Polarization and intensity measurements of the quiescent (i.e. non-flaring) emission indicate gyrosynchrotron emission. A three-dimensional magnetic field model for the stellar field is presented and the gyrosynchrotron intensity and polarization emerging from such a model is calculated and compared with observations. Model spectra agree well with observations. Model polarization results indicate that the emission region is more complex than the simple model and may indicate the presence of multipole components in the field, small loops of flux near the stellar surface and significant energy loss in the radiating electron distribution over time.     

SOURCE PARAMETERS FOR IMPULSIVE BURSTS OBSERVED IN THE RANGE 18–23 GHz

Here, we report on impulsive solar radio bursts observed for the first time with high time/spectral resolution in the range 18 to 23 GHz. Using observational parameters and assuming nonthermal gyrosynchrotron emission from energetic electrons in a loop structure, we have estimated the density of nonthermal electrons, magnetic field, and dimension of the source along the line of sight.     

Ballooning Instability in Coronal Flare Loops

Within the framework of ideal magnetohydrodynamics the excitation of the ballooning instability in a toroidal coronal loop with a radius of cross section a and a radius of curvature R is analyzed by using the energy method. Kink oscillations are able to excite the ballooning instability when the plasma beta parameter β>2a/R. It has been suggested that this can result in the formation of cusp-shaped coronal loops. Modulation of gyrosynchrotron emission caused by kink oscillations is considered. The intensity of gyrosynchrotron emission for optically thin sources is the most sensitive to Alfvén disturbances. The obtained theoretical results are discussed in the light of Yohkoh, SOHO, TRACE, RHESSI, and Nobeyama observations.     

Gyrosynchrotron Emission from Anisotropic Pitch-Angle Distribution of Electrons in 3-D Solar Flare Sources

We present calculations, made for the first time, of the gyrosynchrotron emission by mildly relativistic electrons with anisotropic pitch-angle distribution using a realistic magnetic loop model in three dimensions. We investigated the intensity, spectral index of the optically thin region of the spectrum, the spatial morphology and the dependency on the source position on the solar disk. The method to describe a three-dimensional source and the procedure to perform the calculations are presented. We have modified the Ramaty’s gyrosynchrotron code to allow the evaluation of anisotropic pitch-angle electron distributions, as described in the complete formalism. We found that anisotropic electron distributions affect the intensity of the radiation, spatial morphology and spectrum of spatially resolved sources. However, the spatially integrated spectrum of the emission seems to be insensitive to the electron pitch-angle distribution, as the magnetic field inhomogeneity smooths out the effects of the anisotropic distribution in the produced radiation, in contrast to homogeneous sources.     

Microwave Patch Structures on 12 June 1998

A microwave patch event observed with the 2.6–3.8 GHz spectrometer of Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO) on 12 June 1998 is described in detail in this paper. The patches show high flux densities, high polarization degree, extremely narrow bandwidth, and high spectral indexes. These observational characteristics may suggest that the favored emission mechanism is plasma or maser emission rather than gyrosynchrotron emission.     

A Statistical Study of Microwave Flare Morphologies

This study has been motivated by the detection of a small number of optically thin microwave bursts with maximum emission near the loop top, which is contrary to the prediction of isotropic gyrosynchrotron models. Using Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH) high-spatial-resolution images at 17 and 34 GHz, we study the morphology at the radio peak of 104 flares that occurred relatively close to the limb. Using data from the Nobeyama Polarimeter we were able to determine whether the 17- and 34-GHz emissions came from optically thin or thick sources. We identified single-loop events, taking into account supplementary information from EUV and soft X-ray (SXR) images. We found optically thin emission from the top of the loop in 36% of single-loop events. In agreement with standard models, in this sample 46% and 18% of the events showed optically thin emission from the footpoints and optically thick emission from the entire loop, respectively. The derived percentage of events with gyrosynchrotron emission from isotropic populations of energetic electrons is possibly an upper limit. This point is illustrated by the analysis of an optically thin event that shows footpoint emission during the rise phase and loop-top emission during the decay phase. A model that takes into account both anisotropies in the distribution function of nonthermal electrons and time evolution can reproduce the observed transition from footpoint to loop-top morphology, if electrons with pitch-angle anisotropy are injected near one of the footpoints.     

Comparison of mm-wave and X-ray diagnostics of flare plasma

To compare mm-wave and X-ray diagnostics of solar flare plasma, five flares observed in 1980–1991 in Metsähovi at 22 and 37 GHz and with GOES, SMM, and GRO are studied. The first impulsive peak of the mm-wave bursts under investigation coincides in time with hard X-ray emission. The second gradual component in mm-wave emission coincides with the maximum of the soft X-ray emission measure. The bremsstrahlung mm-wave radiation from hot chromospheric plasma and gyrosynchrotron radiation driven by common population of superthermal electrons are calculated. It is shown that for mm-wave events with the first peak intensity 100 s.f.u., the thermal bremsstrahlung is more important than the gyrosynchrotron emission. The total energy of fast electrons deduced from the first peak of mm-wave bursts is one to two orders of magnitude less than that determined from the hard X-ray emission in the approximation of a thick-target nonthermal model. That can testify in favour of the hybrid thermal/nonthermal model proposed by Holman and Benka (1992). The emission measure and the energy of evaporated plasma using both mm-wave and soft X-ray data are also determined. For events investigated here the energy of evaporated chromospheric plasma is larger than the total energy of fast electron beams. We have concluded that, for evaporation, additional energy release in the chromosphere is needed. The possibility of such energy release in the framework of an advanced circuit model for solar flares is discussed.     

从微波爆发谱光薄部分辐射估计日冕磁场强度的一种方法

从微波爆发谱光薄部分辐射估计日冕磁场强度的一种方法周爱华（中国科学院紫金山天文台南京２１０００８）关键词回旋同步加速辐射谱，磁场强度１引言目前对太阳活动区物理和耀斑物理过程的真正认识仍是十分困难的，原因之一在于迄今为止人们仍未找到一种完善的，能被大家...     

An eruptive prominence and associated cm-mm emission outside the solar limb

We present radio maps at 22 and 44 GHz which show the emission before and after the eruption of a quiescent prominence located at the west limb. The observed radiation following the eruption is not consistent with thermal bremsstrahlung mechanism. It can be interpreted as due to gyrosynchrotron emission of nonthermal electrons. Our observations appear to be similar to the microwave radiation observed in post-flare loops; this radiation is due to nonthermal electrons trapped in the closed magnetic structures formed after the prominence eruption.     

Evidence that Synchrotron Emission from Nonthermal Electrons Produces the Increasing Submillimeter Spectral Component in Solar Flares

We investigate the origin of the increasing spectra observed at submillimeter wavelengths detected in the flare on 2 November 2003 starting at 17:17 UT. This flare, classified as an X8.3 and 2B event, was simultaneously detected by RHESSI and the Solar Submillimeter Telescope (SST) at 212 and 405 GHz. Comparison of the time profiles at various wavelengths shows that the submillimeter emission resembles that of the high-energy X rays observed by RHESSI whereas the microwaves observed by the Owens Valley Solar Array (OVSA) resemble that of ∼50 keV X rays. Moreover, the centroid position of the submillimeter radiation is seen to originate within the same flaring loops of the ultraviolet and X-ray sources. Nevertheless, the submillimeter spectra are distinct from the usual microwave spectra, appearing to be a distinct spectral component with peak frequency in the THz range. Three possibilities to explain this increasing radio spectra are discussed: (1) gyrosynchrotron radiation from accelerated electrons, (2) bremsstrahlung from thermal electrons, and (3) gyrosynchrotron emission from the positrons produced by pion or radioactive decay after nuclear interactions. The latter possibility is ruled out on the grounds that to explain the submillimeter observations requires 3000 to 2×10⁵ more positrons than what is inferred from X-ray and γ-ray observations. It is possible to model the emission as thermal; however, such sources would produce too much flux in the ultraviolet and soft X-ray wavelengths. Nevertheless we are able to explain both spectral components at microwave and submillimeter wavelengths by gyrosynchrotron emission from the same population of accelerated electrons that emit hard X rays and γ rays. We find that the same 5×10³⁵ electrons inferred from RHESSI observations are responsible for the compact submillimeter source (0.5 arcsec in radius) in a region of 4500 G low in the atmosphere, and for the traditional microwave spectral component by a more extended source (50 arcsec) in a 480 G magnetic field located higher up in the loops. The extreme values in magnetic field and source size required to account for the submillimeter emission can be relaxed if anisotropy and transport of the electrons are taken into account.