SEDIMENTARY PROCESS OF THE CENOZOIC BASIN AND ITS RESPONSE TO THE SLIP-HISTORY OF THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT, NW CHINA

SEDIMENTARY PROCESS OF THE CENOZOIC BASIN AND ITS RESPONSE TO THE SLIP-HISTORY OF THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT, NW CHINAtheprogramsof ( 1)theYoungGeologistsFoundationoftheMGMR (No .Qn979812 ) ;;( 2 )theNational (No .G19980 4 0 80 0 ) ;;and ( 3)the     

THE FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF ALTYN TAGH FAULT SYSTEM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE GROWTH OF TIBETAN PLATEAU

THE FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF ALTYN TAGH FAULT SYSTEM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE GROWTH OF TIBETAN PLATEAUtheNational(G19980 4 0 80 0 )andthefundofOpeningLaboratoriesofGeomechanics     

THE ALTUN—NORTH QAIDAM ECLOGITE BELT IN WESTERN CHINA—ANOTHER HP-UHP METAMORPHIC BELT TRUNCATED BY LARGE SCALE STRIKE-SLIP FAULT IN CHINA

THE ALTUN—NORTH QAIDAM ECLOGITE BELT IN WESTERN CHINA—ANOTHER HP-UHP METAMORPHIC BELT TRUNCATED BY LARGE SCALE STRIKE-SLIP FAULT IN CHINA     

阿尔金断裂带新生代活动在柴达木盆地中的响应

阿尔金断裂新生代以来发生多期次的走滑运动,并伴随强烈的隆升作用,进而影响柴达木盆地新生代的构造演化。本文通过遥感卫星影像解译、地震反射剖面解释、区域地层分析,结合野外考察资料对阿尔金断裂新生代活动在柴达木盆地中的响应进行了研究。对柴达木盆地卫星影像的解译发现盆地中褶皱形态指示了近东西走向的褶皱构造带与近南北走向的褶皱构造带的叠加干涉效应,其中近东西向褶皱构造带是在印度/欧亚板块碰撞作用下青藏高原隆升并向北东扩展过程的响应,近南北向褶皱构造带是阿尔金断裂新生代活动的响应。对NW-SE向穿过阿尔金山-柴达木盆地的盆山结合带地震反射剖面的再解释,发现新生代地层中发育的多层生长地层,记录了阿尔金断裂新生代活动的信息。对盆地中新生代地层分布等厚图褶皱干涉样式的分析表明,上油砂山组沉积时期(14.9Ma)阿尔金断裂活动已经明显影响到柴达木盆地,而狮子沟组沉积时期(8.2~2.6Ma)断裂活动对柴达木盆地改造最强。通过对研究区已有的低温热年代学数据和沉积、构造、磁性地层年代学等方面研究成果的总结和分析,认为阿尔金断裂在新生代至少存在三期(~30Ma,~8Ma、~2.6Ma)强烈的构造活动和隆升作用,在柴达木盆地内表现为相应地质时代沉积速率的加快、沉积物岩性的变化、构造地貌的变形和同构造生长地层的出现。其中后两期(~8Ma、~2.6Ma)构造活动在整个青藏高原及周边地区广泛存在,为准同期构造事件,而月牙山地区地震地表破裂带的发现则表明阿尔金断裂带现在仍在强烈活动,并且直接影响到了柴达木盆地。阿尔金断裂带新生代以来的构造活动具有多期性,并影响和改造了柴达木盆地,可能对油气成藏有重要影响。     

小江断裂带有三纪走滑断陷盆地的充填层序特征

小江断裂是滇中走滑断裂系中的一条主干断裂，沿断裂带发育了一系列带有明显走滑特征的新生代小型断陷盆地，第三纪含煤地层主要由冲积扇－湖泊、沼泽成因地层层序构成。本在对多个断陷盆地的成因地层、充填序列、沉积体系域等剖析的基础上，讨论了走滑构造背景下断陷盆地的充填层序特征，并指出构造沉降、走滑作用和构造反转对盆地充填起作重要的作用。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION ALONG THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT ZONE AND UPLIFT OF THE ALTYN MOUNTAIN, NORTHERN TIBET

THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION ALONG THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT ZONE AND UPLIFT OF THE ALTYN MOUNTAIN, NORTHERN TIBET     

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF ALTYN FAULT IN WESTERN CHINA

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF ALTYN FAULT IN WESTERN CHINATheresearchisfundedbyNSFC (No.4 9772 157)     

LARGEST ALTYN TAGH LITHOSPHERIC SHEAR FAULT IN CENTRAL ASIA

LARGEST ALTYN TAGH LITHOSPHERIC SHEAR FAULT IN CENTRAL ASIA     

阿尔金断裂晚新生代左旋走滑位错的地质新证据

通过对沿阿尔金断裂中段 (位于东经 88°至 92°)发育的晚第三纪走滑盆地沉积历史和走滑变形过程的野外观测以及对第四纪索尔库里盆地形成和演化过程的沉积环境复原的分析 ,提出了阿尔金断裂中段晚新生代左旋走滑位错的地质新证据。研究表明 ,晚第三纪走滑盆地经历了中新世晚期至上新世早期斜张走滑拉分和上新世晚期以来左旋错动的演化过程 ,沉积体沿断裂的错位分布特征指示至少发生了 80 km的左旋走滑位错。发育于阿尔金山链内部的索尔库里盆地起源于晚第三纪早期强烈的侵蚀作用 ,成为柴达木盆地快速沉积的主要物源区。该侵蚀盆地于中晚更新世闭合并演化成一个独立的沉积盆地。通过侵蚀盆地外流通道的复原指示阿尔金断裂自晚第三纪以来累积了 80～ 1 0 0 km的左旋位错。在此基础上 ,结合穿越断裂构造的 级区域水系形成的洪积裙宽度和主干河道沿断裂迹线的拐折长度 ,探讨了阿尔金断裂晚新生代左旋走滑位错量沿走向分布的特征 ,估算了左旋走滑速率     

索尔库里盆地的形成,演化及其与阿尔金断裂带的关系研究

阿尔金走滑断裂带主要由阿尔金主干断层与和条近于平行的左行走滑断层和斜交断层组成,其空间分布规律可用左行走滑简单剪切模型解释。索尔库里盆地是阿尔金断裂带中一个新生代断陷盆地,属于典型松弛分叉型走滑拉分盆地。索尔库里盆地扩张开始于上新世,至今扩张量约为４０ｋｍ,其扩张速率约为０．８ｃｍ／ａ。按相同的位移速率,本文估算了阿尔金主干断层自始新世晚期以来的走滑量,大约为３２０ｋｍ。     

Tectonic, sea-level, and climatic controls on Late Paleozoic sedimentation in the western basins of Argentina

Tectonic activity, sea-level changes, and the climate controlled sedimentation in Late Paleozoic basins of western Argentina. The role of each factor is investigated from the geologic record of the Río Blanco and Paganzo basins using three hierarchical orders of stratigraphic bounding surfaces. First-order surfaces correspond to regional unconformities, second-order ones to local unconformities with a lesser regional extent, and third-order surfaces represent locally extended sedimentary truncation. Using this methodology, the Carboniferous–Permian record of the Paganzo and Río Blanco basins may be divided into two megasequences, four sequences, and 12 stratigraphic sections. Megasequences are bounded by regional unconformities that result from tectonic events important enough to cause regional paleogeographic changes. Sequences are limited by minor regional extension surfaces related to local tectonic movements or significant sea-level falls. Finally, stratigraphic sections correspond to extended sedimentary truncations produced by transgressive events or major climatic changes. Sequence I is mainly composed of marine deposits divided into basal infill of the basin (Section 1) and Tournaisian–Visean transgressive deposits (Section 2). Sequence II is bounded by a sharp erosional surface and begins with coarse conglomerates (Section 3), followed by fluvial and shallow marine sedimentary rocks (Section 4) that pass upward into shales and diamictites (Section 5). The base of Sequence III is marked by an extended unconformity covered by Early Pennsylvanian glacial sedimentary rocks (Section 6) that represent the most important glacial event along the western margin of Gondwana. Postglacial deposits (Section 7) occur in the two basins and comprise both glaciolacustrine (eastern region) and transgressive marine (central and western regions) deposits. By the Moscovian–Kasimovian, fluvial sandstones and conglomerates were deposited in most of the Paganzo Basin (Section 8), while localized volcanic activity took place in the Río Blanco Basin. Near the end of the Carboniferous, an important transgression is recorded in the major part of the Río Blanco Basin (Section 9), reaching the westernmost portion area of the Paganzo Basin. Finally, Sequence IV shows important differences between the Paganzo and Río Blanco basins; fluvial red beds (Section 10), eolian sandstones (Section 11), and low-energy fluvial deposits (Section 12) prevailed in the Paganzo Basin whereas volcaniclastic sedimentation and volcanism dominated in the Río Blanco Basin. Thus, tectonic events, sea-level changes and climate exerted a strong and complex control on the evolution of the Río Blanco and Paganzo basins. The interaction of these allocyclic controls produced not only characteristic facies association patterns but also different kinds of stratigraphic bounding surfaces.     

走滑断裂对超高压变质岩石折返的贡献及青藏高原北部白垩纪隆升之新思考

青藏高原已识别出柴北缘、南阿尔金和高喜马拉雅三条超高压变质带。这些超高压变质带提供了一个不可多得的研究超高压变质岩石形成和折返的机会。柴北缘超高压变质带位于阿尔金断裂的东边,是柴达木—东昆仑地体与祁连—阿尔金微地体和阿拉善—敦煌地体碰撞的产物,由榴辉岩、石榴石橄榄岩和含柯石英片麻岩组成,榴辉岩形成时代500~440Ma,峰期超高压变质年龄440Ma。南阿尔金超高压变质带位于阿尔金断裂带的西边,以产出榴辉岩和石榴石橄榄岩为特征,榴辉岩形成时代为500Ma。南阿尔金超高压变质带被认为是柴北缘超高压变质带的西延,两者被阿尔金断裂左旋位移约400km。阿尔金断裂是巨大的深度>200km的岩石圈走滑断裂,断裂的活动时代至少早到240~220Ma,认为走滑过程中伴随的隆升作用有可能为柴北缘和南阿尔金超高压变质岩石的折返和出露地表做出了贡献,其中阿尔金断裂起到了类似剪刀型断裂的作用。高喜马拉雅超高压变质带在巴基斯坦和印度被发现,以榴辉岩中含柯石英或金刚石为特征,榴辉岩的超高压变质年龄为46Ma,表明超高压变质岩石发生在雅鲁藏布江缝合线关闭后并快速折返。喀喇昆仑断裂走滑过程中伴随的抬升作用则可能对高喜马拉雅地区超高压变质岩石的折返和出露地表做出贡献。在中国东部出露的大别—苏鲁超高压变质带被巨大郯庐断裂左旋走滑位移约500km,可以看作是走滑作用伴随的抬升运动对超高压变质岩石的最后折返和出露地表做出重要贡献的又一例证。青藏高原的隆升通常被认为是印度板块和欧亚大陆新生代以来的碰撞结果。根据高原北部断裂的时代、火山活动和沉积盆地的形成,我们提出高原的隆升是两次俯冲碰撞的结果。第一次发生在中特提斯班公湖-怒江洋盆在白垩纪时期的关闭,其时由于北部来自塔里木盆地和北中国板块及东部来自太平洋板块俯冲产生的抵柱效应,高原北部开始隆升;第二次发生在印度板块的新生代俯冲碰撞作用,造成高原的整体抬升,由此可以解释高原北部平均海拔(5000m)要高于高原南部(平均海拔4000m)。     

THE CENTRAL PAMIR—AN ALPINE COLLISION ZONE

THE CENTRAL PAMIR—AN ALPINE COLLISION ZONE     

甘肃石包城盆地新生代沉积特征及与阿尔金断裂的关系研究

阿尔金断裂是由阿尔金主干断层及其它次级断裂组成的巨型走滑断裂系,其分布规律符合左行走滑挤压模式。石包城盆地位于阿尔金断裂带内,为祁连山所围限,面积大约为3 000 km~2。通过对盆地上新统地层、砾岩砾石成份、古流向等沉积特征的综合研究分析表明:盆地南部边缘位于土大坂以南,主要由砾岩和含砾砂岩组成,其中灰岩占砾石成份80%以上;盆地东部边缘在石包城乡地区,砾岩砾石成份以花岗岩、片岩和片麻岩等变质岩居多,夹杂少量硅质岩;盆地的沉降中心位于双泉井子附近,靠近阿尔金断裂一侧;石包城盆地古水流方向为北西和北北西方向,说明该地区地势自南东至北西方向逐渐降低,盆地南东方向应为隆起区;石包城盆地双泉井子以西物源区应为盆地南缘的大雪山等一系列山体,而东北部物源应来自石包城乡附近的山体。石包城盆地是阿尔金断裂带中主干断层与分枝断层联合作用形成的走滑分枝盆地,从上新世以来,盆地至今扩张量约为30～40 km。按相同的位移速率,本文估算了阿尔金主干断层石包城段自渐新世以来的走滑量,大约为218 km。     

Tectonic,sea-level,and climatic controls on Late Paleozoic sedimentation in the western basins of Argentina

Tectonic activity, sea-level changes, and the climate controlled sedimentation in Late Paleozoic basins of western Argentina. The role of each factor is investigated from the geologic record of the Río Blanco and Paganzo basins using three hierarchical orders of stratigraphic bounding surfaces. First-order surfaces correspond to regional unconformities, second-order ones to local unconformities with a lesser regional extent, and third-order surfaces represent locally extended sedimentary truncation. Using this methodology, the Carboniferous–Permian record of the Paganzo and Río Blanco basins may be divided into two megasequences, four sequences, and 12 stratigraphic sections. Megasequences are bounded by regional unconformities that result from tectonic events important enough to cause regional paleogeographic changes. Sequences are limited by minor regional extension surfaces related to local tectonic movements or significant sea-level falls. Finally, stratigraphic sections correspond to extended sedimentary truncations produced by transgressive events or major climatic changes. Sequence I is mainly composed of marine deposits divided into basal infill of the basin (Section 1) and Tournaisian–Visean transgressive deposits (Section 2). Sequence II is bounded by a sharp erosional surface and begins with coarse conglomerates (Section 3), followed by fluvial and shallow marine sedimentary rocks (Section 4) that pass upward into shales and diamictites (Section 5). The base of Sequence III is marked by an extended unconformity covered by Early Pennsylvanian glacial sedimentary rocks (Section 6) that represent the most important glacial event along the western margin of Gondwana. Postglacial deposits (Section 7) occur in the two basins and comprise both glaciolacustrine (eastern region) and transgressive marine (central and western regions) deposits. By the Moscovian–Kasimovian, fluvial sandstones and conglomerates were deposited in most of the Paganzo Basin (Section 8), while localized volcanic activity took place in the Río Blanco Basin. Near the end of the Carboniferous, an important transgression is recorded in the major part of the Río Blanco Basin (Section 9), reaching the westernmost portion area of the Paganzo Basin. Finally, Sequence IV shows important differences between the Paganzo and Río Blanco basins; fluvial red beds (Section 10), eolian sandstones (Section 11), and low-energy fluvial deposits (Section 12) prevailed in the Paganzo Basin whereas volcaniclastic sedimentation and volcanism dominated in the Río Blanco Basin. Thus, tectonic events, sea-level changes and climate exerted a strong and complex control on the evolution of the Río Blanco and Paganzo basins. The interaction of these allocyclic controls produced not only characteristic facies association patterns but also different kinds of stratigraphic bounding surfaces.     

阿尔金断裂与周缘新生代盆地关系

通过野外填图工作，在阿尔金断裂附近填绘出一系列的新生代地层，对这些地层目前的展布与阿尔金活动断裂的关系分析认为，始新世以来阿尔金断裂对沉积盆地表现出明显的控制作用，表现为明显的左行走滑，并兼具向北西方向掀斜的逆冲活动。乌尊硝尔盆地(索尔库里盆地西部)中的主体沉积是第四系。盆地的东南边界是阿尔金南缘主断裂；盆地西南缘，第四系沉积受东西向北倾正断层控制；盆地北缘为近东西向北倾右行逆冲脆性断裂。盆地的西部边缘超覆在基岩之上，不受断裂控制。     

Timing and magnitude of displacement on the Altyn Tagh fault: constraints from stratigraphic correlation of adjoining Tarim and Qaidam basins, NW China

The Altyn Tagh fault plays an important role in growth of the north-western Tibetan plateau, but the timing of its inception and magnitude of left-lateral displacement are not well constrained. This study provides new independent constraints by correlating stratigraphic development and spatial distribution of the neighbouring Tarim and Qaidam basins. It is shown that the Tarim and Qaidam basins experienced quite similar stratigraphic and sedimentary evolution from late Sinian to early Palaeogene times. This fact indicates that the Tarim and Qaidam basins were a single block, at least until Oligocene time, which was then offset by the Altyn Tagh fault. Early Palaeozoic and Late Triassic suture zones within the East and West Kunlun and pinch-outs of Mesozoic strata are chosen as piercing lines. Restoration of these lines gives total offset estimates of ˜ 350–400 km across the south-western and central segments of the Altyn Tagh fault.     

AGE OF THE ALTYN TAGH STRIKE—SLIP FAULT

AGE OF THE ALTYN TAGH STRIKE—SLIP FAULT     

柴达木盆地东北部新近纪构造旋转及其意义

青藏高原东北缘构造变形的研究是认识高原隆起过程、机制和印度—欧亚板块碰撞远程效应的重要途径。柴达木盆地是印度－欧亚板块碰撞后南北向挤压应力为动力背景的高原东北部内陆盆地,沉积物主要来自于周边山地,完整的保存了新生代以来高原隆升的详细记录。通过柴达木盆地东北部瑙格剖面精细古地磁及构造旋转研究发现,20.1～15.1Ma以及15.1～8.2Ma柴达木盆地分别发生了9.7°±7.4°和6.4°±4.4°的顺时针旋转,约8.2Ma后,柴达木盆地东北部瑙格地区发生了16°±7.5°的逆时针快速旋转。通过分析认为,前两次的顺时针构造旋转事件可能与阿尔金断裂的左旋走滑有关。而约82Ma以来的逆时针旋转事件属于柴达木盆地东北部瑙格地区的局部旋转,可能与温泉断裂的右旋走滑有关,说明青藏高原东北部在昆仑山、阿尔金山和祁连山三条巨型断裂系左旋相对运动的宏观控制下形成的NNW向温泉右旋走滑断裂开始走滑的年代为约8Ma。     

沾化凹陷下第三系不整合类型及其地质意义

渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷下第三系中发育一系列不整合面，分隔了不同级别的地层单元，地层记录出现了间断。虽然对间断历史的推测十分困难，但这些不同组织、样式与分布的不整合面组成的系列时空型式不仅为各地层单元形成限定了边界约束，而且为整个凹陷的盆地动力学分析提供了时空框架和动力学信息。沾化凹陷的不整合成因类型包括基底不整合、裂陷幕不整合、破裂不整合和与构造活动、水位变化、沉积过程及气候变迁相联系的不整合或沉积间断。综合性的不整合研究不仅可以用于盆地动力学研究，也是石油勘探寻找油气圈闭的有效手段。