迎接寒武系全球年代地层的新划分——2004年版“国际地层表”述评

评述了国际地层委员会最新公布的2 0 0 4年版“国际地层表”的寒武系部分,包括它的底界全球层型和点位的确定和存在的问题、寒武系当前的再划分情况、芙蓉统和排碧阶及其底界全球层型剖面和点位、寒武系的时代跨度。介绍了全球寒武系年代地层的研究方向和正在表决中的全球寒武系最新划分方案。讨论了与我国寒武系年代地层的划分和建立地方性、区域性年代地层系统的相关问题     

全球寒武系芙蓉统和排碧阶及其底界层型在我国确立

国际地球科学联合会最近批准了寒武纪全球年代地层单位芙蓉统和排碧阶及其底界的全球层型,层型剖面为中国湖南花垣排碧剖面. 寒武系在1835年由英国学者A.Sedgwick建立,以往没有全球统一的正式划分.为了解决寒武系年代地层再划分问题,国际地层委员会寒武系分会从1995年起,先后在摩洛哥、西班牙、加拿大、瑞典、美国、阿根廷、我国华南和法国举行了8次现场会议,寻找适合的剖面和点位.     

芙蓉统和排碧阶底界全球层型剖面的牙形刺生物地层

寒武系芙蓉统和排碧阶全球层型剖面——湖南花垣排碧剖面底界界线层的牙形刺生物地层,由下至上划分为Westergaardodina tetragonia带、Westergaardodina matsushitai带和Westergaardodina bicuspidate 3个牙形刺带,可与该界线层的三叶虫带进行很好对比;同时讨论了芙蓉统和排碧阶底界划在牙形刺Westergaardodina mat-sushitai带和Westergaardodina bicuspidata带之间的合理性;此外,还将该牙形刺分带与华北和东北地区寒武系牙形刺带进行了对比。     

寒武系全球排碧阶及芙蓉统底界的标准层型剖面和点位

国际地球科学联合会2003年2月批准了由中美科学家组成的联合研究小组的建立全球排碧阶和芙蓉统底界标准层型剖面和点位的提案,以我国地名命名的“排碧阶”和“芙蓉统”两个全球年代地层单位及其底界的全球层型正式确立,这是寒武系内所确立的第一个“金钉子”。排碧阶和芙蓉统分别是寒武系的首个全球阶级标准单位和首个全球统级标准单位。排碧阶和芙蓉统的共同底界的全球层型剖面位于湖南花垣排碧附近的四新村,底界划在该剖面花桥组底界之上369.06m,与球接子三叶虫Glyptagnostus retuculatus的首现一致。芙蓉统的建立,取代了长期使用的非正式年代地层单位“上寒武统”。     

华南寒武系年代地层系统的修订及相关问题

将早先提出的华南寒武系4统9阶的年代地层系统,修订成4统10阶,除王村阶的底界略高于全球鼓山阶(Drumian Stage)的底界外,其余界线都与目前的全球4统10阶的年代地层界线一致。新系统采纳了在我国华南建立的全球芙蓉统、排碧阶和古丈阶,在原桃源阶的上部另建"牛车河阶"。原王村阶和桃源阶的时限因这一修订有所缩减。全球鼓山阶的底界与台江阶上部的Ptychagnostus atavus带底界可以精确对比。滇东统包含晋宁阶和梅树村阶(狭义)两个年代地层单位,晋宁阶的底界采用全球寒武系的底界,梅树村阶的底界采用罗惠麟等1994年正式修订后的定义,即位于梅树村剖面的"B"点。梅树村阶的原始定义仅指梅树村剖面的磷块岩层(即现今的中谊村段),它的底界高于现在的以Tricophycus pedum首现定义的全球寒武系底界。     

贵州寒武纪地层的划分和对比

通过对贵州寒武纪地层的清理，现保留２２个岩石地层单位（组），４４个生物地层单位和继续沿用１３个年代地层单位。本文着重对２２个岩石地层单位的命名、涵义和顶、底界线及层型剖面地点进行了论述，进一步明确了各个组的涵义。此外，分区列述了生物地层单位，将扬子区划分为１９个生物地层单位，过渡区划分为１８个生物地层单位，江南区（中、上寒武统）划分为７个生物地层单位。在沿用我国所通用的年代地层单位中包括３个统和１０个阶。经过进一步的清理，基本上理顺了贵州寒武纪岩石地层、生物地层和年代地层的关系，并进行了对比（详见表１、表２）。     

台江阶——我国寒武系一个新的年代地层单位

台江阶是继湘西建立的 4个中 -上寒武统新阶之后在我国江南斜坡带黔东传统的中寒武统下部建立的又一个新阶 ,它的底界层型剖面位于贵州台江县革东镇八郎村 ,底界划在 Oryctocephalus indicus的首现位置 ,位于凯里组下部第 10层之底。     

全球寒武系江山阶及其“金钉子”在我国正式确立

国际地质科学联合会执委会批准了由中、美、意科学家组成的研究团队提议建立寒武系江山阶全球标准层型剖面和点位（＂金钉子＂）的提案,以我国浙江江山县命名的全球寒武系年代地层单位江山阶及其底界的＂金钉子＂正式在我国确立。这是继寒武系排碧阶和古丈阶＂金钉子＂之后,在我国确立的又一个寒武系的＂金钉子＂,也是继芙蓉统、排碧阶和古丈阶...     

华北地台东部寒武系层序地层年代格架

北地台寒武系属稳定的克拉通盆地陆表海沉积。其沉积层序表现为复合层序，主要受全球海平面变化和沉积物补给因素的控制。自下而上可划分为１７个正层序，归并为６个正层序组和２个中层序。大部分正层序的边界与生物地层单位一致，与岩石地层单位略有出入。每个正层序的平均时间延续约为３Ｍａ，含两个三叶虫化石带。根据层序地层的研究，可以建立华北寒武系层序地层年代格架，并提出各统和阶的界线参考年龄。     

全球寒武系年代地层再划分的新建议

介绍最近提交国际地层委员会寒武系分会的全球寒武系年代地层划分方案 ,划分为 4个统级单位和 10个阶级单位 ,同时提出划分芙蓉统的两个新点位 ,即球接子类三叶虫 Agnostote orientalis和 L otagnostusamericanus的首现。     

Subdivision and Correlation of Middle and Upper Cambria in North China in Light of Sequence Stratigraphy

TheMiddleandUpper~aninNorthCabhasbeenextenSiVelystudiedfor~yearSinbiostratigraphy(LuandDong,1953;Xiangatal.,1981;An,1982;Met,1993a,1993b).Ho~,thelithOStratigraphictntSwereunfortunatelydefinedbytrilobitezonesotherthanlithologitalcriteria,owingtothecomplicatedChangeSandt~itioninlithofades.CbnseqUentiy,thebio--,litho~andchronostrstigraphictntS~confuSed,asPOintedOuttosomeextentbyLuetal.(1994).Nevertheless,thezoningfossilsoftrilobiteSoCCUrredatthehorizonsSeparatedfromeachotherinseveralt…     

国际二叠纪年代地层划分新方案

国际二叠纪地层分会已就二叠系的统和阶的划分,命名及下界的层位达成统一意见,提出新的二叠系年代地层表,该表由３个最佳的区域性地层序列组成,即代表下二叠统的俄罗斯和哈萨克坦乌拉尔地区的乌拉尔统（ＣｉｓｕｒａｌｉａｎＳｅｒｉｅｓ）上二叠下部和上部的美国西南部的瓜德鲁普统（ＧｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎＳｅｒｉｅｓ）和中国华南地区的乐平统（ＬｏｐｉｎｇｉａｎＳｅｒｉｅｓ）。新表为建立二叠系内部界线的全球层型及点位     

北京西山寒武系下苇甸组——一个新建议的组

下苇甸组系从北京西山下寒武统底部独立出来 ,新建立的一个组。它虽然厚度不大 ,但岩性与昌平组有别 ,顶、底界面清楚 ,分布稳定 ,在北京西山地区可广泛追踪 ,符合建组条件     

海南岛南渡江中游一带浅变质岩系的划分及时代归属

<正> 海南岛南渡江中游一带(包括白沙、儋县琼中、澄迈、屯昌等县的交界部位)发育着一套浅变质岩系(图1),主要由板岩、千枚岩、变质粉砂岩、变质砾岩组成,偶夹结晶灰岩和大理岩,属低绿片岩相产物。由于这套浅变质岩系和研究铁、磷、钨、锡、铌、鉏、贵金属等矿产的成矿规律以及探讨海南岛的大地构造性质有密切关系,历来为地质界所瞩目;但对其划     

华北地台中、上寒武统露头层序地层学研究的新认识

在生物地层对比基础之上通过对河北顺平清醒剖面、山东张夏和河北赵各庄标准剖面以及北京西山剖面的层序地层研究,将华北地台张夏阶和上寒武统自下而上划分并命名了5个总体向上变浅、以间断加深面为界的层序:张夏层序、崮山层序、崮长层序、长山层序和风山层序,并将上寒武统的4个层序与美国的相应层序进行了对比;阐述了层序地层单位与原来的生物地层、岩石地层和年代地层单位之间的关系,并用层序界面对原有岩石地层和年代地层单位的界线进行了优化;同时探讨了在克拉通陆表海背景下层序地层的发育特征以及相应的地质填图方法。     

Fossiliferous Cambrian limestone from within the mt read volcanics,mt lyell mine area,Tasmania

In the Mt Lyell area limestone conformably underlying unmineralized Mt Read Volcanics and unconformably overlying mineralized Mt Read Volcanics contains fossils of late Middle Cambrian or early Upper Cambrian age. This suggests an upper limit of late Middle Cambrian or early Upper Cambrian for the mineralization in the Mt Lyell area. The view of Gee et al. (1970) that the Mt Read Volcanics and the fossiliferous Cambrian sequences of western Tasmania are at least partly contemporaneous is confirmed.     

From Cycles to Sequences:Sequence Stratigraphy and Relative Sea Level Change for the Late Cambrian of the North China Platform

In the Late Cambrian, the North China Platform was a typical carbonate ramp platform. The Upper Cambrian of the northern part of the North China Platform is famous for the development of bioherm limestones and storm calcirudites and can be divided from bottom to top into the Gushan, Changshan and Fengshan formations. In this set of strata, the deep-ramp mudstone and marls and the shallow-ramp packstones and grainstones constitute many carbonate meter-scale cycles of subtidal type. More tidal-flat dolomites axe developed in the Upper Cambrian of the southern margin of the North China platform, in which limestone and dolomite beds also constitute many carbonate meter-scale cycles of the peritidal type. These cycles are marked by a variety of litho-facies successions. There are regularly vertical stacking patterns of meter-scale cycles in long-term third-order sequences, which is the key to discerning such sequences. Third-order sequence is marked by a particular sedimentary-facies succession that is the result of the environment-changing process of deepening and shoaling, which is genetically related to third-order sea level changes. Furthermore, four third-order sequences can be grouped in the Upper Cambrian of the North China Platform. The main features of these four third-order sequences in the northern part of the platform can be summarized as follows: firstly, sequence-boundaries are characterized by drowning unconformities; secondly, the sedimentary-facies succession is generally constituted by one from deep-ramp facies to shallow-ramp facies; thirdly, a succession of “CS (?) HST” (i.e., “condensed section and highstand system”) forms these four third-order sequences. The chief features for the third-order sequences in the southern part of the North China Platform comprises: more dolomites are developed in the HSTs of third-order sequences and also developed more carbonate meter-scale cycles of peritidal types; the sedimentary-facies succession of the third-order sequences is marked by “shallow ramp-tidal flat”; the sequence boundaries are characterized by exposure punctuated surfaces. According to the changes for the third-order sequences from the north to the south, a regular sequence-stratigraphic framework can be established. From cycles to sequences, the study of sequence stratigraphy from litho-facies successions to sedimentary-facies successions exposes that as follows: meter-scale cycles that are used as the basic working unit actually are litho-facies successions formed by the mechanism of a punctuated aggradational cycle, and third-order sequences that are constituted by regularly vertical stacking patterns of meter-scale cycles are marked by sedimentary-facies successions. On the basis of the changing curve of water depth at each section, the curve of the relative third-order sea level changes in the late Cambrian of the North China Platform can be integrated qualitatively from changing curve of water depth. The correlation of Late Cambrian long-term sea level changes between North China and North America demonstrates that there are not only similarities but also differences, reflecting control of long-term sea level changes both by global eustacy and by regional factors.