非洲地区盆地演化与油气分布

非洲地区盆地整体勘探程度较低,待发现资源量大,是当前油气勘探开发的热点地区之一。非洲板块在显生宙主要经历了冈瓦纳大陆形成、整体运动和裂解3个构造演化阶段,形成多种不同类型的盆地。通过板块构造演化和原型盆地研究及石油地质综合分析,明确了不同类型盆地的构造特征与油气富集规律。北非克拉通边缘盆地形成于古生代早期,受海西运动影响,油气主要富集在挤压背景下形成的大型穹隆构造之中,以古生界含油气系统为主;北非边缘裂谷盆地海西运动之后普遍经历了裂谷和沉降,裂谷期各盆地沉降幅度和沉降中心的差异导致了油气成藏模式和资源潜力的差异;东、西非被动陆缘盆地形成于中生代潘吉亚大陆的解体、大西洋和印度洋张裂的过程中,西非被动陆缘盆地普遍发育含盐地层,形成盐上和盐下两套含油气系统,东非被动陆缘盆地结构差异较大,油气分布主要受盆地结构控制;中西非裂谷系是经历早白垩世、晚白垩世和古近纪3期裂谷作用而形成的陆内裂谷盆地,受晚白垩世非洲板块与欧亚板块碰撞的影响,近东西向展布盆地抬升剧烈,油气主要富集在下白垩统,北西南东向盆地受影响较弱,油气主要富集在上白垩统和古近系之中;新生代东非裂谷系盆地和红海盆地形成时间相对较晚,以新生界含油气系统为主,新生代三角洲盆地中油气分布主要受三角洲砂(扇)体展布和盆地结构所控制。     

Evolution of Circum－Pacific Basins andVolcanic Belts in East China and Their Geodynamic Background

Ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　Ｃｉｒｃｕｍ－Ｐａｃｉｆｉｃ　Ｂａｓｉｎｓ　ａｎｄＶｏｌｃａｎｉｃ　Ｂｅｌｔｓ　ｉｎ　Ｅａｓｔ　Ｃｈｉｎａ　ａｎｄＴｈｅｉｒ　Ｇｅｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃ　Ｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄ￥ＬｉＳｉｔｉａｎ（ＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＥａｒｔｈＲｅｓｏ...     

亚洲特提斯域油气聚集地质特征

特提斯域含油气性,特别是亚洲特提斯域油气聚集地质特征,举世瞩目。本文从亚洲特提斯域地质演化、构造单元划分着手,讨论油气地理分布、油气分布与盆地类型、油气盆地与沉积环境、油气分布与盆地保存的特点,进而对亚洲特提斯域油气富集基本因素进行总结。亚洲特提斯域含油气盆地是特提斯洋形成、演化、造山和消亡过程的沉积-构造产物,其盆地成因和赋存的油气具有特提斯固有的特色。亚洲特提斯域油气地理上主要分布于西亚段南带,其次为西亚段北带、东南亚段中带,再次为中亚段。分析发现,亚洲特提斯油气分布,就盆地类型而言,主要与前陆盆地、克拉通边缘盆地相关;就成烃物质的沉积-构造环境而言,多位于古赤道与45°古纬度之间,盆地形态主要与台地、环形坳陷、线形坳陷沉积-构造环境相关。亚洲特提斯域油气分布与盆地保存关系极为密切,盆地保存是盆地油气评价的先决条件。文章把亚洲特提斯域油气富集基本因素归纳为两点,一是盆地演化过程中具备广阔平缓、长期保持被动陆缘沉积-构造环境,二是盆地演化末期直至现今保持沉积物被埋藏、保存的状况。     

沉积盆地动力学研究的进展、发展趋向与面临的挑战

近20年来沉积盆地动力学研究已经取得巨大进展。盆地研究最为重要的推动力源于人类社会发展对能源资源的巨大需求。国家和私人企业对油气勘探和开发的巨大投入获得了关于沉积盆地结构和演化的庞大系统资料,特别是大量的深度大于7 000 m的钻井和高分辨率反射地震成果,能够提供给中国的多学科合作研究团队使用。创新性的研究思路和方法系统已出现在盆地动力学研究的多个方面,包括盆地沉积充填的动力过程、盆地构造动力学机理、盆地形成演化的地球动力学背景以及油气系统演化的动力过程。文中在建议的研究纲要中汲取了部分重要内容,如从源区到汇区的路径系统研究和基于大陆动力学思维的构造地层分析。对于盆地演化研究至关重要的深部过程研究始终是难度最大的挑战。应用天然地震成像和岩浆岩岩石地球化学方法对中国东部及海域中新生代板块俯冲、地幔流上涌、岩石圈减薄及破裂过程的研究成功地解释了晚中生代-新生代断陷盆地群、大火山岩省和大型裂谷盆地的成因和演化。然而以塔里木和四川盆地为代表的中国西部大型多旋回叠合盆地形成演化的动力背景则全然不同于中国东部,这些盆地发育于古老的地台基底之上,被造山带所环绕,造山期的强大挤压应力在盆地中形成了隆起和凹陷系列,并控制了油气生成及聚集的地区。多学科合作完成了造山事件和过程的精细定年和盆地中不整合面与构造地层单元的对比研究,其成果对大型叠合盆地演化的动力过程得出了合理的解释,并可用于油气资源预测。     

中国含油气盆地构造分析主要进展与展望

本文简要总结了中国含油气盆地构造分析的主要进展。中国区域大地构造理论特别是板块构造理论，对于指导盆地构造研究起了重要作用。通过各种地球物理探测方法，揭示了中国含油气盆地的上地幔结构，地壳结构、基底结构与盖层构造的关系。中国含油气盆地在地质历史中的演化过程十分复杂，伸展盆地、前陆盆地、走滑盆地、克拉通盆地和叠合具有各自独特的地球动力学系统。构造样式分析是盆地构造分析的重要方面，直接与寻找油气圈闭有关，可以划分出伸展构造、挤压构造、走滑构造、反转构造和潜山－披覆构造等。断裂和不含油气盆地中的重要构造要素，控制着油气运聚成藏、叠合盆地多期成盆、多期改造造成的复杂构成图像，是中国含油气盆地的重要特色之一。展望21世纪 中国油气盆地构造分析，需要重点关注的是：叠合盆地形成演化和地球动力学过程分析；盆－山耦合过程的深部－浅部耦全过程分析；盆地三维构造精细描述和盆地模拟技术，盐构造和天然气构造分析。     

Salt tectonics at the margins of young oceans

The paper is devoted to salt tectonics in marginal oceanic salt-dome basins and is based on a wide synthesis of the literature and the author’s data. For the first time, the general pattern of global distribution of these basins has been illustrated by a map. Their localization and structure, tectonic position and evolution, and peculiar morphokinematic features of salt tectonics are characterized and compared with the attributes of salt tectonics inherent to continental regions. The geodynamic settings of the initial formation of marginal oceanic basins and their present-day arrangement have been refined, as well as the onset of salt tectonics therein, manifested in various styles. It has been shown that the geodynamic type of basin and stages of its geodynamic evolution determine the morphokinematic type of salt tectonics, character of its manifestation, and dislocations in host sedimentary complexes, and, therefore, they are auxiliary indicators of geodynamic regimes. The mechanisms of salt tectonics, its effect on the structure of overlying sedimentary sequences, and localization of hydrocarbon fields are discussed.     

Specifics of magmatism in marginal continental and marginal-sea pull-apart basins: Western periphery of the Pacific Ocean

The paper presents data on pull-apart (synchronous with strike-slip faulting) extensional structures formed in relation to Indo-Eurasian collision and including continental marginal rifts in East Asia and adjacent marginal sea basins. The evolution of Cenozoic pull-apart basins (developing synchronously with strike-slip faulting) in the western surroundings of the Pacific ocean corresponds to a basaltoid sequence in which the onset of rifting and the stage of maximum extension are marked by the first and last members of this sequence that have, respectively, calc-alkaline and tholeiitic depleted composition. The predominance of intermediate members with mixed isotopic-geochemical signatures testifies to the interaction of diverse magmatic melts. The opening of pull-apart basins (including those of marginal sea) was associated with magmatism whose sources were localized, judging from geochemical indicators, in the modified continental lithospheric mantle and depleted asthenosphere. The sources in the lithospheric mantle that was affected by long-lasting metasomatic recycling in the geological past dominated during the initial stages of continental extension and gave way to depleted asthenospheric sources. This model is consistent with the deep structure of the territories: extensional basins correspond to asthenospheric upwelling, with the ascent of asthenospheric diapirs positively correlated with the intensity of extension of the continental lithosphere and the degree of depletion of the accumulated basaltoids. The discovery of widespread calc-alkaline rocks (which are genetically related to the ancient metasomatized lithospheric mantle) in zones of continental rifting and marginal basins of the strike-slip fault nature significantly broadens the compositional range of volcanics typical of extensional geodynamic environments. At the same time, this testifies to the polygeodynamic nature of calc-alkaline volcanics, which can accumulate without any relations with coeval subduction zones.     

Cenozoic tectonic jumping and implications for hydrocarbon accumulation in basins in the East Asia Continental Margin

Tectonic migration is a common geological process of basin formation and evolution. However, little is known about tectonic migration in the western Pacific margins. This paper focuses on the representative Cenozoic basins of East China and its surrounding seas in the western Pacific domain to discuss the phenomenon of tectonic jumping in Cenozoic basins, based on structural data from the Bohai Bay Basin, the South Yellow Sea Basin, the East China Sea Shelf Basin, and the South China Sea Continental Shelf Basin. The western Pacific active continental margin is the eastern margin of a global convergent system involving the Eurasian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Indian Plate. Under the combined effects of the India-Eurasia collision and retrogressive or roll-back subduction of the Pacific Plate, the western Pacific active continental margin had a wide basin-arc-trench system which migrated or ‘jumped’ eastward and further oceanward. This migration and jumping is characterized by progressive eastward younging of faulting, sedimentation, and subsidence within the basins. Owing to the tectonic migration, the geological conditions associated with hydrocarbon and gashydrate accumulation in the Cenozoic basins of East China and its adjacent seas also become progressively younger from west to east, showing eastward younging in the generation time of reservoirs, seals, traps, accumulations and preservation of hydrocarbon and gashydrate. Such a spatio-temporal distribution of Cenozoic hydrocarbon and gashydrate is significant for the oil, gas and gashydrate exploration in the East Asian Continental Margin. Finally, this study discusses the mechanism of Cenozoic intrabasinal and interbasinal tectonic migration in terms of interplate, intraplate and underplating processes. The migration or jumping regimes of three separate or interrelated events: (1) tectonism-magmatism, (2) basin formation, and (3) hydrocarbon-gashydrate accumulation are the combined effects of the Late Mesozoic extrusion tectonics, the Cenozoic NW-directed crustal extension, and the regional far-field eastward flow of the western asthenosphere due to the India-Eurasia plate collision, accompanied by eastward jumping and roll-back of subduction zones of the Pacific Plate.     

青藏高原中-新生代沉积盆地热体制与古地温梯度演化

尽管前人对青藏高原隆升机制、地块拼合和陆内俯冲、中-下地壳流动以及岩浆活动等过程做了大量研究, 但对工区发育众多的中-新生代沉积盆地热体制和古地温梯度演化很少涉及, 而这些对中生代海相烃源岩油气生成过程以及已生成的油气命运具有重要影响.在总结前人有关青藏高原温度场背景和盆地类型演化成果基础之上, 运用流体包裹体均一温度测定数据, 综合建立了高原腹部中生代海相盆地古地温梯度演化曲线, 认为在中生代至古近纪的被动陆缘-弧后盆地-前陆盆地演化过程中, 中生代海相盆地处于相对低的地温梯度条件下(＜3.0 ℃/100 m)有利于成熟油的生成; 在新近纪至第四纪的青藏高原隆升阶段, 这些中生代海相盆地不仅演化成残留盆地, 而且还伴随着新的热事件使得盆地地温梯度不均匀急剧上升(~6.5 ℃/100 m), 同时会导致大部分中生代海相烃源岩生成的油再度裂解成气和存在二次生烃(气)的可能性.因此, 古地温梯度演化决定了在"冷盆"区域可能还存在找油潜力, 但在大部分的"热盆"区域只能以找气为主.      

从东海石油地质重要进展看西太平洋大陆边缘新生代盆地的构造演化——一种海沟向洋后退的残余弧后盆地演化模式

东海盆地石油地质研究在近二十年里主要取得五方面的进展 :证明了盆地是由一组大陆边缘新生界由西向东逐个变新的“盆地群体”组成 ,建立了陆架地区以组为单位的整个新生代地层单元 ,详细划分了西湖凹陷的内部地质结构 ,认定了煤和煤系沉积是东海陆架区的主力油气源岩 ,通过大量钻井验证了盆地中三类不同成因的圈闭。从环西太平洋盆地形成的地球动力学背景看 ,西太平洋是一个自北而南的沟—弧—盆 (陆缘海 )系统 ;大体以台湾海峡为界 ,东海盆地是一个由转换或被动边缘演化而来的聚敛边缘 ,而南海属于由活动或聚敛边缘转化而来的被动边缘。东海盆地与菲律宾海盆地具有相似的时空演化特征 ,由此论证了东海新生代盆地属于残余弧后向洋后退盆地     

Late Mesozoic magmatism and Cenozoic tectonic deformations of the Barents Sea continental margin: Effect on hydrocarbon potential distribution

The paper is focused on the two tectonic-geodynamic factors that made the most appreciable contribution to the transformation of the lithospheric and hydrocarbon potential distribution at the Barents Sea continental margin: Jurassic-Cretaceous basaltic magmatism and the Cenozoic tectonic deformations. The manifestations of Jurassic-Cretaceous basaltic magmatism in the sedimentary cover of the Barents Sea continental margin have been recorded using geological and geophysical techniques. Anomalous seismic units related to basaltic sills hosted in terrigenous sequences are traced in plan view as a tongue from Franz Josef Land Archipelago far to the south along the East Barents Trough System close to its depocentral zone with the transformed thinned Earth’s crust. The Barents Sea igneous province has been contoured. The results of seismic stratigraphy analysis and timing of basaltic rock occurrences indicate with a high probability that the local structures of the hydrocarbon (HC) fields and the Stockman-Lunin Saddle proper were formed and grew almost synchronously with intrusive magmatic activity. The second, no less significant multitectonic stress factor is largely related to the Cenozoic stage of evolution, when the development of oceanic basins was inseparably linked with the Barents Sea margin. The petrophysical properties of rocks from the insular and continental peripheries of the Barents Sea shelf are substantially distinct as evidence for intensification of tectonic processes in the northwestern margin segment. These distinctions are directly reflected in HC potential distribution.     

Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution and palaeogeography of East Asian crustal fragments: The Korean Peninsula in context

East and Southeast Asia comprises a complex assembly of allochthonous continental lithospheric crustal fragments (terranes) together with volcanic arcs, and other terranes of oceanic and accretionary complex origins located at the zone of convergence between the Eurasian, Indo-Australian and Pacific Plates. The former wide separation of Asian terranes is indicated by contrasting faunas and floras developed on adjacent terranes due to their prior geographic separation, different palaeoclimates, and biogeographic isolation. The boundaries between Asian terranes are marked by major geological discontinuities (suture zones) that represent former ocean basins that once separated them. In some cases, the ocean basins have been completely destroyed, and terrane boundaries are marked by major fault zones. In other cases, remnants of the ocean basins and of subduction/accretion complexes remain and provide valuable information on the tectonic history of the terranes, the oceans that once separated them, and timings of amalgamation and accretion. The various allochthonous crustal fragments of East Asia have been brought into close juxtaposition by geological convergent plate tectonic processes. The Gondwana-derived East Asia crustal fragments successively rifted and separated from the margin of eastern Gondwana as three elongate continental slivers in the Devonian, Early Permian and Late Triassic–Late Jurassic. As these three continental slivers separated from Gondwana, three successive ocean basins, the Palaeo-Tethys,. Meso-Tethys and Ceno-Tethys, opened between these and Gondwana. Asian terranes progressively sutured to one another during the Palaeozoic to Cenozoic. South China and Indochina probably amalgamated in the Early Carboniferous but alternative scenarios with collision in the Permo–Triassic have been suggested. The Tarim terrane accreted to Eurasia in the Early Permian. The Sibumasu and Qiangtang terranes collided and sutured with Simao/Indochina/East Malaya in the Early–Middle Triassic and the West Sumatra terrane was transported westwards to a position outboard of Sibumasu during this collisional process. The Permo–Triassic also saw the progressive collision between South and North China (with possible extension of this collision being recognised in the Korean Peninsula) culminating in the Late Triassic. North China did not finally weld to Asia until the Late Jurassic. The Lhasa and West Burma terranes accreted to Eurasia in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and proto East and Southeast Asia had formed. Palaeogeographic reconstructions illustrating the evolution and assembly of Asian crustal fragments during the Phanerozoic are presented.     

Oil and Gas Potential of Deep- and Ultradeep-Water Zones of Continental Margins

Oil- and gas-bearing basins of the World Ocean spreading to the continental shelf and foothill are considered. Large hydrocarbon resources, including oil pools have been discovered in the deep-water basins. The basins are confined to passive continental margins and characterized by the common mechanism of formation. Oil and gas (hereafter, petroleum) generation and accumulation are dictated by the optimum specifics of source and reservoir rocks accumulated under favorable conditions of rifts and deep-sea fans. Halokinesis played an important role in the formation of traps and migration of hydrocarbons. The global experience shows that the northern, eastern, and southern shelves of the Russian seas, as well as their continental slopes and foothills, have a big petroleum potential.     

南海南、北大陆边缘盆地烃源岩热演化差异及成因分析

对横跨南海南、北共轭大陆边缘的两条骨干剖面所经过的沉积盆地烃源岩热演化进行模拟,分析了南、北陆缘盆地烃源岩热演化差异。结果表明,南海南部陆缘盆地生烃门限整体比北部陆缘盆地的生烃门限浅,南部陆缘盆地生烃门限整体在2 200~2 300 m之间,中新统烃源岩基本已进入生烃门限;北部陆缘盆地生烃门限整体位于2 500~2 600 m之间,渐新统及其以下烃源岩进入生烃门限。南海南、北陆缘盆地生烃门限的规律性与南海现今热流分布南高北低、西高东低的整体趋势相对应,高热流有利于烃源岩的成熟与生烃,因此热流值高的区域对应生烃门限较浅。造成南、北陆缘主力烃源岩的热演化程度差异的主要原因可能是由南海扩张及古南海俯冲引起的地温场变化所引起。     

Continental margins: Global belts of oil-and-gas accumulation,Laurasian belt

Most recent oil-and-gas-bearing (petroliferous) basins are members of one of the five oil-and-gas accumulation belts confined to the Mesozoic and Cenozoic continent/ocean transition zones. The Laurasian belt includes continental margins in the northern Atlantic and Arctic oceans that accommodate several large petroliferous basins.     

Problems of geodynamics, tectonics, and metallogeny of orogens

This is an overview of papers published in the present volume of Russian Geology and Geophysics (Geologiya i Geofizika), a special issue that covers presentations at the International Conference “Geodynamic Evolution, Tectonics, and Metallogeny of Orogens”, held on 28–30 June 2010 in Novosibirsk (http://altay2010.igm.nsc.ru). The workshop concerned the general evolution of the Central Asian orogenic system, with a special focus on continental growth, history of oceans and continental margins, and role of plumes in accretionary-collisional tectonics and metallogeny. The discussed papers are grouped in three sections: 1. General issues of geodynamics and geodynamic evolution; 2. Role of mantle plumes in tectonics, magmatism, and metallogeny; 3. Regional tectonic and geodynamic problems of Asia.The synthesis of data reported at the workshop demonstrates critical importance of mantle plumes for the evolution of the Paleoasian ocean and for orogenic processes in Central Asia.In addition to three large pulses of continental growth at about 2900–2700, 1900–1700, and 900–700 Ma, three orogenic stages have been distinguished in the geological history of Eurasia: Late Cambrian–Ordovician (510–470 Ma), Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous (380–320 Ma), and Permian–Triassic (285–230 Ma). In the evolution of the Central Asian orogen, these stages were associated with events of ultramafic-mafic and bimodal plume magmatism which promoted translithospheric strike-slip faulting. Plume magmatism was an active agent in ocean opening when the Paleotethys, Ural, Ob–Zaisan, and Turkestan basins appeared while the Late Cambrian–Ordovician orogen was forming in Central Asia (North Kazakhstan, Altai–Sayan, Tuva, and Baikal areas). Closure of the Ob–Zaisan ocean and collision of the Kazakhstan–Baikal continent with Siberia in the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous was coeval with the maximum opening of the Turkestan ocean, possibly, as a consequence of plume activity. The Tarim (285–275 Ma) and Siberian (250–230 Ma) superplume events corresponded in time to closure of the Ural ocean and opening of the Meso- and Neotethys, as well as to major metallogenic events.     

Geodynamic settings and formation conditions of crystalline complexes in the south Altai and south Gobi metamorphic belts

The Hercynian mobile belts in Central Asia comprise the Hercynian proper and the Late Hercynian (Indosinian) belts separated by the South Gobi microcontinent, the origin of which is related to the evolution of the South Mongolian and Inner Mongolian basins with the oceanic crust. Crystalline complexes within these belts occur as tectonic sheets of a variety of sizes. At the early stages, the metamorphic grade of these complexes reached conditions of high-temperature subfacies of amphibolite and locally developed granulite facies. In tectonic terms, the Hercynian belt of metamorphic rocks is situated at the margin of the North Asian Caledonian continent and extends from the southeast to the northwest along the southern slope of the Gobi, Mongolian, and Chinese Altai to East Kazakhstan, where metamorphic rocks are localized in the Irtysh Shear Zone. All these rocks are combined into the South Altai metamorphic belt of more than 1500 km in extent. Another belt of isolated outcrops of crystalline rocks conventionally combined into the Indosinian South Gobi metamorphic belt is traced along the junction of the Hercynides with the South Gobi microcontinent. The high-grade metamorphic rocks within both belts are not fragments of an ensialic Caledonian or older basement. These rocks were formed 390–360 and 230–220 Ma ago as a result of the closure of the Tethian South Mongolian and Inner Mongolian oceanic basins (Paleotethys I and Paleotethys II). The spatial position of the South Altai and South Gobi metamorphic belts is caused by the asymmetric structure of the Tethian basins, where active continental margins are expressed most distinctly along their northern parts, while passive margins extend along the southern parts (in present-day coordinates).     

Ancient continental margins and comparative analysis of their oil-and-gas bearing

Analysis of peculiarities in the distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations within the basins of Phanerozoic continental margins, which had completed their evolution, and complicated peripheral regions of ancient Laurasian and Gondwanian platforms nowadays, has enabled us to reveal certain regularities related to two stages in the evolution of sedimentary basins. The first stage of evolution of sedimentary basins (period of existence of the continental margin proper) is related to large accumulations of fluid and gaseous hydrocarbons in the margins of continents belonging to the Laurasian megablock; for the margins of continents belonging to Gondwana, this period was reflected in the formation of large gas accumulation only (in the Permian). At the second stage of sedimentary basin evolution, large oil and gas accumulations were formed in areas associated with fore deeps, which were laid in the boundary of the Gondwanian platforms and fold belts. In comparison, in fore deeps that emerged in the marginal parts of Laurasian platforms, less significant accumulations of fluid and gaseous hydrocarbons were found (Table 1). The results of comparative analysis in oil-and-gas bearing basins located in the margins of the Laurasian and Gondwanian megablocks would help in purposeful exploratory works for oil and gas.     

南美洲被动大陆边缘盆地的油气地质特征

南美洲被动大陆边缘盆地是目前世界油气勘探最活跃的地区之一。南美洲被动大陆边缘盆地形成于晚侏罗世-早白垩世冈瓦纳大陆的裂解,经历了前裂谷期、同裂谷期、过渡期、后漂移期4个阶段,发育了多套生储盖组合。其中同裂谷期的湖相源岩为最重要的生油岩,过渡期发育的盐岩层对油气的成藏起着关键作用。近年来,发现的大油气田均位于盐下同裂谷期的陆相碎屑岩和湖相碳酸盐岩储层中。南美东部被动大陆边缘盆地可以按油气潜力分为3类,最有潜力区位于巴西东海岸的中南部盆地群。随着油气勘探技术的进步,在本区进行油气藏勘探具有广阔的前景。     

中国主要海相残留盆地有效成藏组合类型

经历了复杂构造演化历史的中国主要海相残留盆地具备了盆地油气成藏的最基本条件,诸如烃源岩、油源、输导系统、储集层、封盖层、圈闭等以及成藏动力学条件。海相残留盆地中,当有效烃源岩、有效储集体、有效封盖层系形成“三位一体”的有机配置时,即形成有效成藏组合。受盆地构造演化控制,中国主要海相残留盆地发育有加里东期风化壳上下组合、海西—印支期海陆交互相互层组合、中—古生界与陆相中—新生界“下生上储”组合等三类有效成藏组合。决定这些盆地成藏组合有效性的主要因素还包括油气成藏组合的封盖系统、成藏系统的构造分割性等。由此,不同海相残留盆地油气富集程度存在显著差异。