1303年山西洪洞8级大地震研究综述

叙述了1967年至2002年间国内有关研究1303年山西洪洞8级大地震的进展情况。综合叙述了有关这次地震的地震参数、地震破坏、地震断层、地震形变遗迹、地震发生的新构造与深部构造等。     

党河南山北缘断裂古地震形变带特征研究

通过对党河南山北缘断裂的野外地貌考察,发现东段保存了长约40km的古地震地表形变带,主要表现为纹沟和高漫滩断错,形成高约0.5m左右的低矮断层陡坎,且活动时代较新.经查阅相关史料和文献,结合最新冲积地貌面的估算年代,推测该地震形变带可能与公元384年、419年、1000年和1297-1303年发生在敦煌附近的4次地震中的某一次地震有关.     

台湾集集921地震地壳形变的简介与讨论

台湾集集921地震是20世纪末发生在我国的一次影响很大的地震。地震性一年后，笔者有幸考察了地震现场。本文展示部分地震遗迹照片和收集到的GPS观测资料，分析讨论了这次地震的震前震后地壳形变特征。     

临汾地区共轭活动构造与地震关系的研究

通过对临汾地区地质构造环境的分析，结合地表地震形变遗迹的研究，初步认为共轭活动构造对１３０３年洪洞８级地震和１６９５年临汾级地震的发生和震中分布位置起着重要的控制作用。     

据卫星影象判读试论1695年临汾8级地震的构造背景

本文根据卫星影象判读,论述临汾地区主要活动断裂及沿北西向左幕-县底断裂密集分布的地震形变遗迹,结合地震史料,讨论1695年临汾8级地震的地质构造背景     

四川西昌1850年地震地表破裂特征研究

本文对则木河断裂带上各种地震地表破裂现象作了调查和时代方面的研究,结果表明,1850年西昌地震在西昌北的李金堡至宁南的松新间形成了长达90km的地震形变带。地震位错的最大水平位移为7m,垂直位移一般为0.5～2m,对地震形变带中的各种变形遗迹和地震地表破裂特征的研究表明,则木河断裂是这次地震的发震构造,震中位于大箐梁子一带,震中烈度达Ⅹ～Ⅺ。地震破裂的力学性质为左旋扭张,与则木河断裂晚第四纪以来的活动一致。地震破裂具有向南突出发展的不对称特点     

1990年共和7.0级地震孕震过程讨论

共和７．０级地震的发生及共和盆地内古地震遗迹的发现,说明共和盆地不属于低烈度区,其地震危险性是不容忽视的,在诸多学研究的基础上,分析了共和地震的构造背景,讨论了共和地震的孕震过程,发现该次地震的孕育经历了近２０年,并且可以分为长、中、短、临４个阶段,反映了地壳介质由弹性形变、朔性形变、硬化直至破裂的过程。     

华北地区大地震矩释放率和GPS应变率的一致性研究

GPS测量技术可以在较大地区范围内获得高精度地壳形变速率。稳定的应变速率提供了精确确定地震活动率的机会。本文运用Kostrov(1974)的公式将经平滑的华北地区应变速率转化为矩释放率，并与运用1303年洪洞地震以来的地震目录计算的矩释放率进行比较，发现两者之比南北向为60．6％，东西向为68．9％，北东剪切分量为104．1％。近似为1的比率表明了GPS测量结果的可靠性。这个结果对结合历史地震及大地形变测量估计矩释放进行地震危险性评估具有一定参考意义。     

海原地震遗迹(宁夏段)保护现状及保护方式讨论

2020年是海原大地震过去的第100年,这场震惊世界的大地震给我们带来了巨大的灾难和损失,同时也留下了珍贵的地震遗迹^[1]。针对海原地震遗迹保护情况进行统计,重点对宁夏段遗迹现状和保护情况进行概述,并对海原地震遗迹保护和开发方案进行探讨,提出一些建设性的建议,以期对海原地震遗迹及相关地震遗迹保护提供参考。     

1303年山西洪洞8级大地震的时间有序性特征

1303年山西洪洞地震是我国历史记录中被确认的第一个8级大地震。引入有序系列和有序组合的含义,对1303年山西洪洞地震和1556年陕西华县地震分别形成的2个有序系列进行了研究,认为2个8级地震的发震时间有一个时间差(τ)。2个τ值之差用△τ来表示。若2个τ值相差不大,则4个地震(有时可以是3个地震)组成一个有序组合。2个有序系列可有7个有序组合。7个有序组合的τ值在100a～450a范围变化,但它们的△τ值仅在10d～2400d范围内变化,表示了2个有序序列之间的密切联系。震例表明,1303年洪洞大地震与其他8级地震之间的间隔的形成机制可能与沙罗周期有关。     

山西霍山山前断裂晚第四纪活动特征和1303年洪洞8级地震

霍山山前断裂是山西临汾盆地北半部主边界断裂。本文根据沿断裂带的1:1万地质填图结果,详细地研究了霍山山前断裂的活动历史、断裂的分段性及其构造活动特征、不同时期以来的右旋错动幅度和滑动速率以及与1303年洪洞8级地震的关系。最后,根据山西地堑系内已获得滑动速率值的几条北北东向主干断裂的构造特殊性,讨论了地堑系两侧的一级右旋运动水平     

NEW EVIDENCES FOR AMENDMENT OF MACRO-EPICENTER LOCATION OF 1303AD HONGTONG EARTHQUAKE

The Hongtong earthquake occurring on 25 September 1303 in both Linfen Basin (LFB)and Taiyuan Basin (TYB)in Shanxi Graben is the first M8.0 earthquake based on the Chinese literature in China mainland, 392 years later, the Linfen M7.5 earthquake occurred on 18 May 1695 in Linfen Basin with its macro-epicenter distance of only 40km south of the Hongtong earthquake. Due to their close macro-epicenter distance and shortly interval of 392a, it attracted continuous attention to the geoscientists around Southern Shanxi Graben, southeastern Orods Plate. This paper combines the historical documents and interpreting the coseismic triggered disasters in study area. The results show that:1)the number of building damaged in the southern TYB and Lingshi Uplift (LSU)during 1303 Hongtong earthquake is similar to that of the LFB, indicating that the TYB and LSU maybe suffered the same or even worse earthquake disaster losses during the 1303 Hongtong earthquake. While the 1695 Linfen earthquake is confined within the LFB and south of Hongtong County; 2)More than 11 000 loess landslides were triggered by the 1303 Hongtong earthquake event between LFB and TYB, which is consistent with the literature records. We suggested the macro-epicenter of the 1303 Hongtong earthquake should move about 60km northward from the present location (36.3°N, 111.7°E)near Hongtong County to the new location (36.8°N, 111.7°E) between Huozhou City and Lingshi County, the new macro-epicenter location can reasonably explain the large-scale centralized earthquake-triggered landslides during the event. The landslides had aggravated the severity of the loss; 3)Our result helps to understand the spatial distribution of the two strong earthquakes and the relationship between them, especially the distribution map of earthquake-induced loess landslides by 1303 Hongtong earthquake extracted using the Google Earth images, which supports the amendment of the macro-epicenter.     

Intracontinental basins and strong earthquakes

Introduction A M=8 earthquake occurred in the intracontinental Linfen basin on September 17, 1303. This is the Hongtong M=8 earthquake in Shanxi Province. It is the first recorded M = 8 earthquake since the Chinese historical seismic records had started. The earthquake killed 200 000 people (LI, 1960; XIE, CAI, 1983). The year 2003 is the 700th anniversary of the earthquake occurrence. In memory of the people died in the earthquake, for further improving earthquake prevention and disas…     

山西太谷断裂带全新世活动及其与1303年洪洞8级地震的关系

最新调查结果表明，太谷断裂断错山前冲沟Ⅰ级阶地以及在黄土台地前缘形成断坎，在地表及探槽中多处见到断裂断错全新世地层，断裂的最新活动是1303年洪洞8级地震，活动方式为右旋走滑兼正倾滑活动. 在该次地震中，太谷断裂与灵石隆起上的绵山西侧断裂、临汾盆地东边界的霍山山前断裂一起活动，形成长约160 km的地表破裂带. 除此之外，该断裂曾在全新世中期及距今7 700年以后有过活动. 由此得到，在山西断陷系，两个断陷盆地边界断裂的贯通活动发生8级特大大震.      

Holocene activities of the Taigu fault zone, Shanxi Province, and their relations with the 1303 Hongdong M=8 earthquake

Introduction The Taigu fault is located on the eastern boundary of the Jinzhong basin in the Shanxi fault depression system, which is one of the 12 major active basin boundary faults, and is also less studied among them. The reason for this is, firstly, the Jinzhong basin has no historical earth-quakes with M 7, while the two basins linked together in the northern and southern sides, the Linfen and Xinding basins all have had historical earthquakes with M 7; secondly, because the Jiaochen…     

Holocene activities of the Taigu fault zone,Shanxi Province,and their relations with the 1303 Hongdong <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>=8 earthquake

The Taigu fault zone is one of the major 12 active boundary faults of the Shanxi fault-depression system, located on the eastern boundary of the Jinzhong basin. As the latest investigation indicated, the fault zone had dislocated gully terrace of the first order, forming fault-scarp in front of the loess mesa. It has been discovered in many places in ground surface and trenches that Holocene deposits were dislocated. The latest activity was the 1303 Hongdong earthquake M=8, the fault appeared as right-lateral strike-slip with normal faulting. During that earthquake, the Taigu fault together with the Mianshan western-side fault on the Lingshi upheaval and the Huoshan pediment fault on the eastern boundary of the Linfen basin was being active, forming a surface rupture belt of 160 km in length. Moreover, the Taigu fault were active in the mid-stage of Holocene and near 7 700 aB.P. From these we learnt that, in Shanxi fault-depression system, the run-through activity of two boundary faults of depression-basins might generate great earthquake with M=8.     

Average recurrence intervals of strong earthquakes and potential risky segments along the Taiyuan-Linfen portion of the Shanxi graben system

Introduction In AD 1303, the great Hongtong, Shanxi, earthquake of magnitude 8 caused a very serious disaster, which killed over one hundred thousands people at least (Department of Earthquake Dis- *aster Prevention, State Seismological Bureau, 1995). On the occasion of commemorating this ca-tastrophe having occurred for 700 years, we have important problems that need to be answered: How long the average recurrence interval of the grea…     

2012年6月30日新疆新源、和静交界Ms6．6地震的中期粗略预测

基于静中动判据和三性法,对2012年6月30日新源、和静交界Ms6．6地震的粗略中期预测作了回顾。静中动判据指的是1979年3月29日有一个6级地震在库车东北发生,它对预测大震的地区有指示意义。该震距2012年6月30日新源、和静交界Ms6．6地震约150km。由于地震越大与1外因的关系越密切,所以我们认为北天山地区1812年尼勒克8级地震与1911年阿拉木图81/2级地震之间的时间间隔为（4×25）-1年可能反映着有25年周期的外因存在,这个外因对7级地震也会有触发作用,1914年巴里坤7．5级地震即属于此。这3次大震组成的时间系列对以后大震的发生年份有一定指示意义,所以我们从1812年尼勒克大震的发生年份算起,经8×25年,即2012年作为库车周围200km的范围可能发生7级地震的年份。但实际发生的地震震级偏低,只有6．6级。     

大同－阳高两次地震的对比分析

１９８９年１０月，１９９１年３月，在山西北部大同盆地先后发生Ｍｓ６．１、Ｍｓ５．８两次中强地震。对比这两次地震的序列、空间分布及能量释放等存在很大差异。两次地震属同一地震序列，５．８级地震的活动规律具有晚期强余震的特点，是６．１级地震活动的一次大的起伏。进一步分析表明，大同—阳高的两次地震活动，以及在此期间山西地区发生的一系列５级左右地震活动，是华北地区区域应力场增强，较大范围内应力增加和传递的结果。