ANALYSIS OF EVOLUFIONARY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASTASIA LONGA AND EUGLENA GRACILIS BY USING RAPD TECHNIQUE AND CLADISTIC ANALYSIS

Although both Astasia longa and Euglena gracdlis belong to different genera, they share many morphological characters except that A. longa has no chloroplast. In the 1940‘ s, on the basis of the finding that in darkness or upon addition of scrne chemicals, E. gmcilis would fade reversibly or irreversibly, scrne scholars hypothesised that A. longa evolved from E. gracilis by losing chloroplast.The authors‘ use of RAPD and cladistic analyses in a study on the evolutionary relationship between A .longa and E. gmcilis showed that the A. longa ‘ s relationship with E. gmcilis was closer than that with other green euglenoids. This proves the hypothesis that A. longa evolved from E. gmcills is reasonable. The results d this study suggest that saprophytic colorless euglenoids were transformed fromgreen euglenoids by losing their choroplasts.     

Potentials of community-based tourism in transformations towards green economies after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in West China

This study investigates the contrasting sceneries of community-based tourism after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and focuses on the potentials of tourism in transformations towards green economies. How are tourism and environment linked in a sustainable relationship? And how can potentials of community-based tourism be directed in transformations towards green economies? A qualitative research design is used to examine contrasting sceneries and specific green elements of community-based tourism in a Qiang people's fortress village in Mao County, Sichuan Province, West China and further discuss how tourism can be compatible with human wellbeing through demonstrating a commitment to sustainable development. The study argues that potential economic, social and environmental costs of tourism need to be considered when evaluating the loss of community benefits toward sustainability. The green elements suggest the potential of community-based tourism in transformations towards green economies, involving green agricultural, green building, and green energy, green governance, green service and green consumption. This study will contribute to the debate about the relationship between tourism and environment sustainability in the green economies, as well as the critique of what can be learned for community development from green tourism in mountainous regions after the inevitable natural disasters.     

Construction of a Metagenomic DNA Library of Sponge Symbionts and Screening of Antibacterial Metabolites

To study the bioactive metabolites produced by sponge-derived uncultured symbionts, a metagenomic DNA library of the symbionts of sponge Gelliodes gracilis was constructed. The average size of DNA inserts in the library was 20 kb. This library was screened for antibiotic activity using paper disc assaying. Two clones displayed the antibacterial activity against Micrococcus tetragenus. The metabolites of these two clones were analyzed through HPLC. The result showed that their metabolites were quite different from those of the host E. coli DH5α and the host containing vector pHZ132. This study may present a new approach to exploring bioactive metabolites of sponge symbionts.     

参考框架的一致性及其对形变分析的影响

分析了形变监测中坐标框架的不一致性对形变分析的影响 ;讨论了借助于全球站在统一的 WGS84或 ITRF坐标框架下的已知坐标将不同历元的观测结果归算到全球框架下作位移场分析时可能存在的实际参考框架的不一致性问题。并按目前的精度水平定量估计了这种不一致的大小以及对位移场的影响。最后对区域形变分析时坐标框架的处理问题提出了若干看法。     

Optimal salinity for dominant copepods in the East China Sea, determined using a yield density model

From 1997 to 2000, four field surveys were conducted in the East China Sea (ECS) (23°30′–33°00′N, 118°30′–128°00′E). A field data yield density model was used to determine the optimal salinities for 19 dominant copepod species to establish the relationship between surface salinities and abundance of those species. In addition, ecological groups of the copepods were classified based on optimal salinity and geographical distribution. The results indicate that the yield density model is suitable for determining the relationship between salinity and abundance. Cosmocalanus darwini, Euchaeta rimana, Pleuromamma gracilis, Rhincalanus cornutus, Scolecithrix danae and Pareucalanus attenuatus were determined as oceanic species, with optimal salinities of >34.0. They were stenohaline and mainly distributed in waters influenced by the Kuroshio or Taiwan warm current. Temora discaudata, T. stylifera and Canthocalanus pauper were nearshore species with optimal salinities of <33.0 and most abundant in coastal waters. The remaining 10 species, including Undinula vulgaris and Subeucalanus subcrassus, were offshore species, with optimal salinity ranging from 33.0–34.0. They were widely distributed in nearshore, offshore and oceanic waters but mainly in the mixed water of the ECS.     

ON A NEW SPECIES OF PAVLOVA (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) FROM CHINA

Pavlova viridis sp. nov. is described on the basis of light and electron microscope observations. The material was collected from the coast of Haiyang county of Shandong, China. It is characterized by 1) yellowish green to green chloroplast, 2) rudimentary short flagellum 0. 3um long and hook-shaped, 3)long flagellum with small spherical knob-scales, 4) absence of pyrenoid and stigma, and 5) marine habitat. This new species and P . salina seem to be most closely related to each other but their colour, the insertion of their three appendages, the shape of their knob scales, and their cell periplasts are quite different from one another .     

辽宁省海水入侵成因及防治措施

海水入侵是在自然和人为因素综合作用下形成的地质灾害。辽宁省海水入侵自 70年代以来呈逐渐增加趋势 ,具有入侵面积广、发展速度快等特点。目前海水入侵已成为我国较为突出的地质灾害 ,给工农业生产和人民生活造成很大危害。针对海水入侵形成机制及危害程度的地域性 ,目前已采取不同的防治措施 ,如控制开采 ,人工回灌 ,修建地下水库等 ,取得一定效果。     

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Dynamic Diurnal Changes in Green Algae Biomass in the Southern Yellow Sea Based on GOCI Images

Macroalgae blooms of Ulva prolifera have occurred every summer in the southern Yellow Sea since 2007, inducing severe ecological problems and huge economic losses. Genesis and secular movement of green algae blooms have been well monitored by using remote sensing and other methods. In this study, green algae were detected and traced by using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI), and a novel biomass estimation model was developed from the relationship between biomass measurements and previously published satellite-derived biomass indexes. The results show that the green algae biomass can be determined most accurately with the biomass index of green algae for GOCI(BIGAG), which is calculated from the Rsurf data that had been atmospherically corrected by ENVI/QUAC method. For the first time, dynamic changes in green algae biomass were studied over an hourly scale. Short-term biomass changes were highly influenced by Photosynthetically Available Radiation(PAR) and tidal phases, but less by sea surface temperature variations on a daily timescale. A new parameter of biomass changes(PBC), calculated by the ratio of the biomass growth rate to movement velocity, could provide an effective way to assess and forecast green tide in the southern Yellow Sea and similar areas.     

建平地区太古宙变质杂岩构造变形及演化特征

建平地区太古宙变质岩石发育,地质构造复杂。近年研究表明:区内太古宙变质杂岩是由多期变质、变形的中酸性深成侵入岩和少量上壳岩组成,可划分出变质上壳岩组合、叶柏寿片麻岩、斜长片麻岩和二长片麻岩4个岩石单位。本文主要对区内太古宙变质杂岩的构造变形及构造演化进行讨论,初步确定了早期韧性变形阶段(鞍山期划分4个变形幕)和晚期脆性变形阶段(印支—燕山期)。构造层次由早期深部层次向晚期浅层演化;其变形由流动机制—压扁机制—弯曲机制—韧性剪切机制到剪切破裂机制的演化。     

汞断层气异常与活断层关系浅析

在探讨气汞异常与断层活动关系的基础上，通过具体工程实例，说明利用气汞异常化探方法研究活动断层，可为预测预报地震活动提供信息     

Preliminary Study on Applicability of Microsatellite DNA Primers from Parasite Protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi in Free-living Protozoa

1　Introduction　Generallyknownasacodominantgeneticmarker ,microsatellitehasbeenwidelyusedinstudiesonpopu lationgenetics,high resolutiongenotyping ,genemap ping ,evolution ,linkageanalysis ,conservationbiology ,behaviouralecology ,relationsbetweenparasite…     

REDESCRIPTION AND TAXONOMIC RECONSIDERATION OF NEMERTOPSIS CRACILIS VAR. BULLOCKI COE, 1940

INThODUCnONSofarthreeso-calledNeInempissPecies,twisquadoparetatus,N.tetra-clitoPhilaandN.grasilishavebeenreporteddriChina(MortonB.&MortonJ.,l983;Gibson,199()),although,onlyN.quadopunctatusandN.tetraclitoPhilawereconfirmed(Gibson,l99o).N.gTaCilissensuMOrton&Morton,l983wasrecognizedasN.quadopndatus(Quoy&Gaied,1833)byGibson(l99()).InNoveInber,l993,twonemerteansPeCimenswerecollectedfromthecoastofChengWU(24"48'N,ll8"54'E),HuianCounty,Fuianboince,P.R.China.TheyaremorphologicaIlyd…     

解流体动力弥散问题的等参数溶质质量均衡有限元法与其它方法的比较

本文将解流体动力弥散问题的等参数溶质质量均衡有限元法与采用同样非线性基函数的等参数里茨(Ritz)有限元法或伽辽金有限元法做以比较发现,前者具有物理意义明确,能准确反映局部质量均衡关系,计算公式简单,易于接受应用等优点,克服了线性有限元法的插值函数不能体现单元内部溶质质量守恒一般规律的缺点。     

On a new species ofPavlova (Prymnesiophyceae) from China

Pavlova viridis sp. nov. is described on the basis of light and electron microscope observations. The material was collected from the coast of haiyang county of Shandong, China. It is characterized by 1) yellowish green to green chloroplast, 2) rudimentary short flagellum 0.3 μm long and hook-shaped, 3) long flagellum with small spherical knob-scales, 4) absence of pyrenoid and stigma, and 5) marine habitat. This new species andP. salina seem to be most closely related to each other but their colour, the insertion of their three appendages, the shape of their knob scales, and their cell periplasts are quite different from one another. Contribution No. 1879 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

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浅析宁波盆地膏盐地层的时代──兼对“宁波盆地北部的长河群”之时代质疑

宁波盆地地下揭示的一套包含暗色膏硝质泥岩、泥质白云岩在内的紫红、灰紫色泥岩、棕褐色砂砾岩、细砂岩和玻屑凝灰岩的地层，均称方岩组，内含膏盐并具油色显示。对其时代有早、晚白垩世和早第三纪之认识，笔者从70～90年代地质工作中所获化石分析认为，虽然宁波盆地这一层位含化石不丰，但从分布及数量上比较，相对占优势的应该是孢粉和植物化石，其时代意见也较为一致，指示为早白垩世。     

Development of organelle single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers and their application for the identification of cytoplasmic inheritance patterns in Pyropia yezoensis(Bangiales,Rhodophyta)

The genus Pyropia contains several important cultivated species.Genetic research in nori species has mainly focused on the cell nucleus,with few studies on organelles(chloroplast and mitocho ndria).Due to the high copy numbers of organelles in cells,which influence the development and traits of algae,it is necessary to study their genetic mechanism.In this study,the marine red alga yezoensis,an important economic macroalga,was selected as the study object.To investigate organelle(chloroplast and mitochondria) inheritance in P yezoensis,the wild type RZ(maternal strain) was cro ssed with the red mutant HT(paternal strain) and 30 color-sectors from 11 F1 gametophytic blades were examined.The complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of the red mutant(HT) were assembled for the first time.One reliable and stable single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) loci filtrated by bioinformatics analysis was used as a molecular marker for chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA,respectively,in subsequent experiments.PCR amplification and sequence analysis showed that the haplotypes of color-sectors detected were consistent with those of the maternal parent,confirming that both chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were inherited maternally in P.yezoensis.The inheritance pattern of organelles in P.yezoensis can be used to guide the hybridization and breeding of nori.Additionally,the organelle SNP markers developed in this study can be applied in subsequent genetic research.     

大地测量边值问题平面解与有限富氏分析

采用三维直角坐标下的分离变量法可以导出大地测量边值问题平面解,使用有限富氏分析可以计算大地测量边值问题中的多种卷积。本文揭示了二种方法的内在联系,表明有限富氏分析仅仅是大地测量边值问题平面解的一种特例,大地测量边值问题平面解可以更直观地解释有限富氏分析。     

Development of high-resolution chloroplast markers for intraspecific phylogeographic studies of Phaeocystis globosa

Phaeocystis globosa is an important harmful algal bloom causative species distributing widely in temperate and tropical coastal waters in the world.The morphological,physiological,and biochemical characte ristics are different amo ng geographic strains,which can not be distinguished with nuclear ribo somal DNA markers at present.Therefore,the genetic distance and phylogeographic relationships of nuclear 28 S rDNA D1-D2 and ITS regions,and three chloroplast intergenic spacers(petN-trnS1,trnM1-psbA,and rbcS-rpl27) were analyzed and compared among 13 strains of P.globosa isolated from the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean in this study.In addition,the nucleotide polymorphisms of 28 S rDNA D1-D2,ITS,and rbcS-rpl27 regions were evaluated in two P.globosa strains.The various levels of nucleotide polymorphism were in the nuclear 28 S rDNA D1-D2 region and ITS region,but no polymorphism was in the chloroplast rbcS-rpl27 intergenic spacer.A reasonable intraspecific phylogeographic relationship was presented by rbcS-rpl27 intergenic spacer,which had the strongest distinction to geographic strains compared to those of 28 S rDNA D1-D2 and ITS regions.In the phylogenetic tree of rbcS-rpl27 intergenic spacer,the two strains from the North Sea of the Atlantic Ocean were divided firstly from the species of P.globosa,and then formed an independent clade,while the other Atlantic strains and all of Pacific strains j oined up to build the other clade.It was implied that at least two genetically distant populations of P.globosa existed in the Atlantic coastal regions.This study provided a high-resolution chloroplast marker to analyze intraspecific phylogeographic populations of P.globosa,and preliminarily clarified the genetic relationships of the Pacific and Atlantic strains of P.globosa.