利用全极化SAR数据去方位向模糊的舰船目标检测方法

在SAR成像过程中,利用目标相对于雷达运动的多普勒频率进行方位向压缩来提高方位向分辨率。对于海面舰船目标,往往由于SAR发射的脉冲重复频率过低,回波信号的多普勒频率欠采样,引起高亮度的方位向模糊噪声,产生虚假目标。若直接利用传统CFAR、子孔径相干等目标检测算法,会把方位向模糊引起的虚假目标误判为舰船目标,降低了舰船目标的检测精度。针对SAR影像方位向模糊现象,提出一种利用全极化SAR数据的舰船目标检测算法,其利用H-A-Alpha分解得到的第三散射机制,结合方位向全极化子孔径相干,消除了方位向模糊噪声对舰船目标检测的影响,提高了舰船目标的目标杂波比。通过采用日本玉野Kojimawan港口附近的C波段AIRSAR全极化数据进行试验,验证了该算法能消除SAR方位向模糊,降低虚警率,提高舰船目标的检测精度。     

基于ESPRIT算法的极化干涉SAR植被高度反演研究

由于存在着去相干分量,利用ESPRIT(旋转不变技术)算法对植被区域的极化干涉SAR(PollnSAR)数据进行反演的结果有较严重偏差.针对这一问题,结合极化干涉相干最优理论及其物理散射机制,引入新的散射矢量——相干最优化散射矢量,提出一种改进的基于ESPRIT的植被高度反算法.最后,利用欧空局(ESA)提供的模拟L波...     

采用散射特征相似性的极化SAR图像相干斑抑制

极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的相干斑严重影响图像信息的有效提取,为此提出一种基于极化散射特性的相干斑抑制方法。该方法结合SAR图像的冗余信息及其散射特性的相似性,利用Wishart分布对SAR数据的相似性进行度量,然后依据相似性计算权重对协方差矩阵进行加权平均,实现对极化SAR图像的相干斑抑制。本文方法对协方差矩阵的各元素单独处理,因此在极化信息的保留方面尤具优势。通过真实SAR数据的实验表明,该方法与现有极化白化滤波(PWF)和极化Lee滤波相比,具有更好的相干斑抑制能力和细节的保持能力。     

四分量散射模型在极化SAR相干斑滤波中的应用

在分析四分量极化散射理论基础上,提出了一种新的极化SAR数据相干斑滤波算法。该算法首先应用四分量散射模型对原始极化SAR数据进行分解,以获得像素的散射类型和总功率值;然后采用极化特征和空间特征的相似性度量,在滤波窗口内选取中心像素的同质区;最后根据同质区的局部统计特性,应用线性最小均方滤波器进行滤波处理。AIRSAR系统L波段极化SAR数据的实验结果表明,该算法不仅可有效抑制相干斑,而且对极化和边缘等细节信息也有较好的保持。     

自交叉双边滤波的极化SAR数据相干斑抑制

相干斑抑制是极化SAR数据预处理的关键步骤。双边滤波是一种空域和值域滤波相结合的优秀边缘保持滤波算法。针对双边滤波在抑制极化SAR数据相干斑的不足,该文将改进的交叉双边滤波引入到极化SAR数据降噪领域,加入散射机制测度来扩展原权重核,根据SPAN图像的局域变差系数自动调整空间方差系数,利用参考图像来度量灰度值和散射机制相似性。实验结果表明:本文方法较经典滤波算法有更强的噪声平滑能力和更好的细节信息保持能力,在保持原数据极化散射信息方面也表现出良好的性能,这为基于极化SAR数据的后续应用提供了支持。     

极化干涉SAR相干最优理论及其验证分析

极化干涉SAR树高反演是当前SAR研究领域的一个重要方向。相干最优化是在各种散射机制中寻求最优的散射机制,对于极化干涉SAR,它不仅可以改善不同极化通道之间的相干系数,还能改善地物分类和垂直结构参数估计。首先详细分析极化干涉SAR反演树高的相干最优化理论基础,然后利用仿真数据从不同极化通道对线极化、Pauli基极化和最优极化进行了试验,从定性和定量进行对比分析,研究结果进一步验证相干最优分解方法可以提高干涉相干系数,并获得更好的干涉图,从而有利于提高树高反演的精度。     

基于Freeman分解的极化SAR数据相干斑滤波

本文在Freeman分解理论基础上,提出一种极化SAR数据相干斑滤波算法。该算法基于Freeman散射模型对原始极化SAR数据进行分解,以获得像素的散射类型和总功率值;在滤波窗口内选取与中心像素散射类型相同,总功率值接近的像素构成滤波同质区;并根据同质区的局部统计特性,应用线性最小均方滤波器进行滤波处理。试验表明,该算法在有效去除相干斑的同时,对极化和边缘等细节信息也有较好的保持效果。     

基于Freeman分解的极化SAR数据相干斑滤波

本文在Freeman分解理论基础上,提出一种极化SAR数据相干斑滤波算法。该算法基于Freeman散射模型对原始极化SAR数据进行分解,以获得像素的散射类型和总功率值;在滤波窗口内选取与中心像素散射类型相同,总功率值接近的像素构成滤波同质区;并根据同质区的局部统计特性,应用线性最小均方滤波器进行滤波处理。试验表明,该算法在有效去除相干斑的同时,对极化和边缘等细节信息也有较好的保持效果。     

一种优化的极化SAR图像海面目标检测方法

提出一种优化的极化SAR图像海面目标检测方法,结合改进的极化SAR四分量分解中的螺旋散射分量与Wishart分类器,充分利用极化散射特性、结构特征、统计特性来进行目标的自动检测。同时通过纹理特征相似性克服了Wishart分类器在无目标海域检测时容易将强度值较高的海杂波误认为目标的缺陷。采用美国无人机UAVSAR在Mexico海域和巴拿马Barro Colorado Island海域获取的两组L波段全极化数据进行实验验证。实验结果表明:文中的优化方法能够较准确检测海面目标,很好地降低虚警率;同时解决了Wishart分类器在无目标海域发生错检的问题。     

极化方位角补偿信息支持下的植被参数反演

SAR图像中散射目标的散射矩阵受极化方位角(POA)的影响会改变散射体的散射特性,散射矩阵是极化干涉SAR (PolInSAR)估计不同极化状态下复相干性的基础。本文根据极化方位角产生机制,建立了多视情况下基于极化方位角补偿的极化干涉相干性估计模型,分析了极化方位角补偿对相干性估计方法和不同散射机制下相干性估计的影响程度,研究了基于三阶段法与极化方位角补偿的植被参数反演。利用L波段SIRC全极化SAR图像为实验数据验证极化方位角补偿对极化干涉相干性估计和植被参数反演的可行性。实验结果表明,极化方位角补偿能够改变不同极化状态相干性分布规律,提高相干直线拟合精度,改善植被参数反演的可靠性和合理性。     

Evaluation of modified four-component scattering power decomposition method over highly rugged glaciated terrain

In recent years, there has been increased utilization of fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) data to study glaciated terrain features for glaciological and climate change modelling. This article is concerned with more accurate results and appropriate analysis of POLSAR data over a highly rugged glaciated area in Himalayan region. For this purpose, the modified Yamaguchi four-component scattering power decomposition (4-CSPD) method with a rotation concept of 3 × 3 coherency matrix [T] about line of sight is evaluated. It has been found that the modified Yamaguchi 4-CSPD method significantly improved the decomposition results as compared with the original 4-CSPD by minimizing the cross-polarized Horizontal-Vertical (HV) components. This modified 4-CSPD leads to enhancement in the double bounce scattering and surface scattering components and also avoids the overestimation problem in the volume scattering component as compared with the original 4-CSPD from the sloped terrain. The significant reductions of the negative power occurrence in the surface scattering (3.9%) and the double bounce scattering (19.7%) components have also been noticed as compared with the original 4-CSPD method over the glaciated area in this part of the Indian Himalaya.     

基于MODIS影像的森林火灾火线检测方法

结合归一化火灾差异指数NDBR(normalized difference burn ratio)和MODIS多波段影像梯度边缘分析手段检测火线, 应用B样条函数拟合火线并确定火势蔓延方向。为对比验证, 基于火线的Kriging插值实现火灾外推预测, 与30min后的火灾参考数据目视对比与统计：火线的预测变化与参考影像基本保持一致, 火灾外推影像的均值和熵约为参考影像的86%和81%, 火迹地检测的Kappa系数达80.2%。试验表明, 提出的森林火线特征自动检测方法在动态火灾监测中是可行、有效的。     

The inversion method study of sub-canopy soil moisture estimation using repeat pass SIR-C PolInSAR data

From repeat pass SIR-C L band polarimetric SAR interferometric data and fully maximum likelihood inversion decomposition model of PolInSAR, a method for sub-canopy soil moisture estimation using repeat pass SIR-C PolInSAR data is proposed. At the same time, the potential and validity of fully maximum likelihood inversion decomposition model of PolInSAR for sub-canopy soil moisture inversion is investigated. Firstly, from the random oriented volume over ground two layer coherent scattering model and the statistical characteristics of Pol-InSAR coherency matrix, the fully maximum likelihood inversion decomposition model is used to reconstruct or recover the surface polarimetric coherency matrix with volume scattering components significantly removed; then, from recovered surface polarimetric coherency matrix, co-HH, VV and cross-HV polarization backscattering coefficient are obtained, and the sub-canopy soil moisture are inverted from Oh and Dihedral scattering model. At last, Compared the inversion result with the field measurement and the climate data of hetan region from 1951 to 2006, the preliminary result indicates that the proposed method based on fully maximum likelihood inversion decomposition model has enough high inversion accuracy, if the new spaceborne or airborne polarimetric SAR interferometric data with synchronously spaceborne or airborne-ground measurement will be acquired, the validity and accuracy of proposed inversion method will be further investigated and validated.     

A four-component decomposition of POLSAR images based on the coherency matrix

A four-component decomposition scheme of the coherency matrix is presented here for the analysis of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The coherency matrix is used to deal with nonreflection symmetric scattering case, which is an extension of covariance matrix approach. The same decomposition results have been obtained. The advantage of this approach is explicit expressions of four scattering powers in terms of scattering matrix elements, which serve the interpretation of polarimetric SAR data quantitatively.     

引入商空间粒度计算的全极化SAR影像分类

为了充分利用不同极化特征信息,并将其有效地结合,提出一种结合粒度计算的全极化合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）影像分类方法。在不同极化目标分解特征组合的基础上引入影像纹理信息,利用光滑支持向量机（smooth support vector machine,SSVM）对不同特征组合进行类别划分获得粗粒度空间,采用商空间对粗粒度进行合并;根据全极化SAR影像分布特性,以相干矩阵作为新的特征矢量,利用Wishart测度代替传统欧氏距离对差异粒度进行推理,通过合并推理结果与合成论域,获得精细分类结果。采用L波段San Francisco地区和荷兰Flevoland地区的全极化SAR影像进行分类试验,结果表明:利用SSVM算法对全极化SAR影像进行粗粒度划分,并采用Wishart距离对差异粒度推理综合,总体分类效果优于结合纹理信息的Cloude及Yamaguchi4分类结果,且优于基于线性特征融合进行监督分类方法。     

利用目标分解特征的全极化SAR海冰分类

特征提取及其选择是SAR海冰分类的重要步骤之一。在众多特征中选取有效特征,进而构建表达地物类型的特征空间是提高分类精度的关键。为此,本文提出一种基于目标分解特征的全极化SAR海冰分类算法。首先,对全极化SAR数据进行多视化处理及滤波操作,生成相干矩阵;其次,对相干矩阵进行目标分解,并针对分解结果提取散射特征参数,进而构建特征空间;再次,通过对所提取的特征进行统计相关性分析,并对高相关特征采用PCA降维,以优化特征组合;最后,设计BP神经网络分类器,并将所得的优化特征矢量作为输入,海冰类别为输出,实现海冰分类。本文以格陵兰中部海域作为研究试验区域,采用L波段ALOS PALSAR全极化数据。通过对本文算法与对比算法的分类结果进行定性定量分析,可以得出本文所选取的特征对海冰识别较好。此外,通过对利用各个不同特征海冰分类结果的性能分析,可以得出基于散射模型的目标分解比基于特征值的H/α/A分解更有助于海冰分类。     

Data Compression for Multilook Polarimetric SAR Data

This letter attempts to address the problem on the emergence of negative eigenvalues in the coherency matrix after the compressing of multilook polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. A new nine-parameter expression for the eigenvalue decomposition of the coherency matrix is introduced, and a new compression algorithm is proposed for multilook polarimetric data with this expression. By comparing it with the NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Airborne SAR compression algorithm, the authors analyze the new algorithm's compression accuracy, signal-to-noise ratio, and the ability to preserve the data's polarimetric property. For polarimetric SAR data, it is important to preserve the polarimetric property of a target. The proposed algorithm has this ability which is illustrated by the comparison of the polarimetric signatures. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated by using the experimental SAR data.      

Scattering property based contextual PolSAR speckle filter

Reliability of the scattering model based polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) speckle filter depends upon the accurate decomposition and classification of the scattering mechanisms. This paper presents an improved scattering property based contextual speckle filter based upon an iterative classification of the scattering mechanisms. It applies a Cloude-Pottier eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition and a fuzzy H/α classification to determine the scattering mechanisms on a pre-estimate of the coherency matrix. The H/α classification identifies pixels with homogeneous scattering properties. A coarse pixel selection rule groups pixels that are either single bounce, double bounce or volume scatterers. A fine pixel selection rule is applied to pixels within each canonical scattering mechanism. We filter the PolSAR data and depending on the type of image scene (urban or rural) use either the coarse or fine pixel selection rule. Iterative refinement of the Wishart H/α classification reduces the speckle in the PolSAR data. Effectiveness of this new filter is demonstrated by using both simulated and real PolSAR data. It is compared with the refined Lee filter, the scattering model based filter and the non-local means filter. The study concludes that the proposed filter compares favorably with other polarimetric speckle filters in preserving polarimetric information, point scatterers and subtle features in PolSAR data.