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一种基于三维形貌的深空星体表面撞击坑自动提取方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
类地深空星体表面撞击坑的自动提取对着陆区选择、自主导航、星体演变研究具有重要意义。以三维形貌数据为基础,提出了一种基于等值线关系分析与形态学精确拟合的深空星体表面撞击坑自动提取方法。首先,从三维形貌数据中提取并保留满足圆度约束的等高线;其次,依据撞击坑的空间形态特征,分析这些等高线之间的相互关系,以初步确定撞击坑的位置;最后,应用形态学分析方法精确确定它们的边缘和位置信息。以月球月海带区域和火星水手峡谷东部区域的DEM数据进行实验,结果表明该方法与传统的撞击坑提取方法相比,具有更高的正确率、稳定性和实时性。 相似文献
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山顶点是重要的地形特征点之一,其自动提取是数字地形分析的重要内容之一。研究从等高线数据中提取山顶点的角度出发,采用AKIMA算法的改进方法——三点求导分段三次多项式插值方法,将其应用于等高线山顶点提取及其高程插值,并分别以等高线数据和DEM数据作为源数据进行山顶点提取实验。研究结果表明:与邻域分析方法相比,本方法具有更高的算法效率的同时还能保证更高的正确率,且提取的山顶点高程精度符合要求。 相似文献
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在数字环境下进行等高线综合是制图综合领域中的热点问题.将3维Douglas-Peucker算法应用于等高线综合,是从真3维的角度提取等高线上的特征点.首先根据等高线上高程点的空间分布特征.提出采用空间线规则排序方法组织空间点;引入了全局孤独指数解决综合过程中等高线之间的空间跳跃问题;然后通过空间内插引绘综合后DEM的等高线,从而实现等高线的自动综合.初步实验表明,采用3维Douglas-Peucker算法的等高线综合,从全局上保持了主要地貌形态并抑制了破碎的微地貌特征,具有良好的综合质量和制图效果. 相似文献
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为保留等高线群简化过程中的地形特征信息,研究了一种等高线群渐进式简化方法。首先,从等高线数据中提取地形特征点及地形特征线;将提取的地形特征点和特征线作为约束条件予以量化,并作为控制变量;再依据渐进式图形简化的思想,利用控制变量对等高线上的非特征点、特征点、特征线及其关联的弯曲进行渐进式取舍,从而实现等高线群的动态简化。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地保持地貌形态特征,同时提高了简化过程的智能化程度。 相似文献
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DEM生成中面状河流区域DEM格网点高程应与所在水域面高程保持一致,这一问题目前尚没有一个好的解决方法。根据地形图中等高线与河流水域面特殊空间关系特性,提出了基于高差分块的河流区域DEM格网点高程自动赋值方法。该方法采用河流水域面裁剪等高线,然后对分块多边形自动构面,自动提取分块区域高程,最后对分块区域DEM格网点高程自动赋值。实践表明该方法处理后的DEM数据比未经处理的DEM更符合河流水域面地表形态,精度更高,具有良好的实用性和可靠性。 相似文献
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利用等高线生成DEM方法的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
数字高程模型(DEM)是地理信息系统的一种基础数据。高质量数字高程模型的建立是DEM应用的重要前提。等高线地图作为生成DEM的重要而廉价的数据来源,具有十分重要的研究价值。介绍数字高程模型的概念、表示方法和主要表示模型等理论基础。论述了从等高线建立规则格网(Grid)和不规则三角网(TIN)的常用方法,对这些方法作了比较分析。就如何从等高线建立高质量DEM为目的,具体论述了从等高线的预处理、等高线的赋值、等高线的简化直到最后生成DEM整个过程的实现方法。 相似文献
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基于等高线膨胀生成规则格网DEM的算法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
介绍一种通过等高线膨胀生成格网的新算法,该算法将等高线栅格化并交替进行4连通和8连通膨胀,两条相邻等高线膨胀的交界处即为相邻等高线的中间等高线,将新产生的等高线通过界线提取加入到栅格等高线中并继续扩张,重复进行直到没有新的中间等高线生成为止。该算法具有易于实现、程序运行速度快、效果较好、生成的差值小和对硬件要求不高等优点。 相似文献
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为了解廉州湾东岸海滩修复前后海岸地形的变化规律,本文以分析沙滩测量特性为前提,对修复沙滩特定剖面进行变形监测;并运用高程-距离绘制剖面图,同时对潮下带进行水下地形测量;应用GIS建立DEM,对比等高线,还重点分析了台风对沙滩地形的影响。结果表明,修复沙滩经过2年的时间,海岸线向陆域方向移动,滩肩变窄;0 m等高线向海方向移动20 m,-0.5 m等高线向海方向移动30 m;台风对沙滩的侵蚀是直接性的,且形成垂直断面;台风过后经历0.5年时间沙滩基本处于平衡状态。 相似文献
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A Comparison Between Contour Elevation Data Sources for DEM Creation and Soil Carbon Prediction, Coshocton, Ohio 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A raster and vector GIS was created for the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed (NAEW) from legacy (1960) 1:2,400‐scale contour maps. The intent of the study was to use terrain data for the spatial modeling of soil organic carbon. It was hypothesized that DEMs derived from these data would be more accurate and therefore more useful for terrain‐based soil modeling than those from USGS 1:24,000‐scale contour data. Central tasks for this study were to digitally capture the 1:2,400‐scale maps, convert digital contour data sources to raster DEMs at multiple resolutions, and derive terrain attributes. A flexible approach was adopted, using software outside of mainstream GIS sources where scientifically or practically advantageous. Elevation contours and streamlines were converted to raster DEMs using ANUDEM. DEMs ranging in resolution from 0.5–30 m were tested for accuracy against precision carrier‐phase GPS data. The residual standard deviation was 1.68 meters for the USGS DEM and 0.36 meters for the NAEW DEM. The optimal horizontal resolution for the NAEW DEM was 5 m and for the USGS 10 m. Five and 10 m resolution DEMs from both data sources were tested for carbon prediction. Multiple terrain parameters were derived as proxies for surficial processes. Soil samples (n = 184) were collected on four zero‐order watersheds (conventional tillage, no‐till, hay and pasture). Multiple least squares regressions (m.l.s.) were used to predict mass C (kg m?2, 30 cm depth) from topographic information. Model residuals were not spatially autocorrelated. Statistically significant topographic parameters were attained most consistently from the 5 m NAEW DEM. However, topography was not a strong predictor of carbon for these watersheds, with r2 ranging from 0.23 to 0.58. 相似文献
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地形图等高线成组综合的试验 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
费立凡 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1993,(Z1)
本文在讨论制图自动综合一般问题的基础上,着重分析了两种等高线自动综合的技术路线存在的优缺点。笔者提出,采用模拟人类专家智能的方法,从二维的等高线输入数据出发,提取地貌结构信息,从而对等高线进行成组的综合,直接形成经综合的二维等高线输出数据,有可能获得较为简捷,效果良好的综合结果。在对这条技术路线进行实验的过程中所涉及的人工智能问题,主要包括:对无序数字化等高线数据的整理、等高线上重要特征点的识别、正负向地貌特征的确定、谷地点的选出、谷底线的自动跟踪、谷地重要性的计算、谷间距的自动量算、对称谷地的寻找、综合后图形的生成等。 相似文献
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This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of two techni-cal lines for automatic group generalization of contour lines.The author suggeststhat it is possible to get faster and better generalization results if we simulate theintelligence of human experts in program designing,retrieve geomorphologicalstructural information using the input data of 2-D contour lines and derive andoutput the generalied 2-D results directly. 相似文献
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FEI Lifan 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(1):85-95
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of two technical lines for automatic group generalization of contour lines. The author suggests that it is possible to get faster and better generalization results if we simulate the intelligence of human experts in program designing, retrieve geomorphological structural information using the input data of 2-D contour lines and derive and output the generalized 2-D results directly. 相似文献
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等高线数据是生产规则格网DEM的常见数据,生产过程中DEM适宜分辨率的选取直接决定DEM的地形表达精度,影响下一步数字地形分析的结果。本文以辽宁某丘陵样区1∶50 000地形图中等高线为基础数据,首先,基于整体地形特征及等高距对适宜分辨率做出大致判断,通过初步分析确定6种备选分辨率;然后,基于不同分辨率坡度均方根误差(Slope RMSE)在格网大小逐渐减小的过程中趋于稳定的特性确定适宜分辨率;最后,利用重构等高线与原始等高线的对比结果验证适宜分辨率选择的准确性。经过实验得到样区数据适宜分辨率为20 m。 相似文献
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G. Ducher 《The Photogrammetric Record》1985,11(66):671-689
A short review is given of the involvement of the Institut Géographique National (IGN) in the European Space Agency Spacelab Metric Camera (MC) experiment. IGN has participated in this project from the early stages of its preparation in 1974. The assessment of MC data has been carried out for both metric and thematic purposes. Using a Matra Traster analytical plotter, a contoured map of Carpentras. included in the European standard test site of Marseille, has been prepared at a scale of 1:100 000 with 100 m and 50 m contour intervals. Preliminary comparison of this map with the topographic data base shows a height accuracy of about 30 m. Orthophotographs have been produced of the same area, at 1:100000 scale and at 1:250000 scale. showing good agreement with the basic line map. An infrared colour pseudo-orthophotograph has been produced for Khartoum (assuming that the ground was flat) and a space map of a desert area of Algeria has been printed at 1:200000 scale, allowing a good comparison with the drainage shown on the existing line map. Interpretation of the MC photography has also been assessed and compared with conventional IGN aerial photography taken over the European standard test site. Due to the low sun elevation and the apparent image motion which affected the MC photography, the result is not as good as was expected. Some linear features of 6m width are visible (for example, roads and hedges) but for positive identification a width of 18m is necessary. It is difficult to determine the extent of cities and land parcels less than 40 × 40m are not visible. However, the MC data can be used for checking and revising some features of small scale maps (smaller than 1:100000). Two experiments have been performed in thematic interpretation, one concerned with land use and the other with forest mapping. Some improvements of the MC are suggested in order to satisfy the major requirements of users while the possibilities of topographic mapping from these data are summarised. 相似文献
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针对现有库容遥感监测方法对无湖盆数据区域的湖泊动态库容难以直接测算问题,提出了未知湖泊水下地形数据的遥感湖泊动态库容监测方法。该方法通过多源遥感数据,匹配相对时相的湖泊面积和水位信息,构建并模拟湖盆DEM数据,据此来估算湖泊的动态库容。在算法实现上,首先采用分布迭代水体提取从遥感影像提取湖泊的多期动态边界;其次,从ICEsat GLAS激光测高数据中反演出湖泊的动态水位高程;第三,依据时间水位信息,通过邻近时相匹配,将水位高程赋给湖泊边界线,生成湖泊等水位线;第四,通过等水位线构建TIN(triangulated irregular network)和Kriging插值,得到模拟湖盆数字高程模型;最后,依据模拟湖盆DEM和水体面积分布、水位信息,计算湖泊动态库容。试验通过对博斯腾湖的多年动态库容监测与真实性检验,结果显示:最大误差为2.21×108 m3,最小误差为0.000 02×108 m3,平均误差为0.044×108 m3,均方根为0.59,相关系数达到0.99。 相似文献