射电源0716 714和0839 187的光学定位

利用北京天文台具有ＣＣＤ终端的６０ｃｍ光学望远镜（Ｖ波段）观测射电源的光学对应体，得到了０７１６＋７１４和０８３９＋１８７精确的光学位置。参考星表采用拉帕尔玛（ＬａＰａｌｍａ）的１８ｃｍ全自动子午环观测资料编制的ＣＡＭＣ星表，该星表是ＦＫ５星表系统。两颗源位置的内符精度约为０．″１９，与其他作者给出的光学和射电位置观测结果分别进行了比较     

射电源0716＋714和0839＋187的光学定位

利用北京天文台具有ＣＣＤ终端的６０ｃｍ光学望远镜观测射电源的光学对应体，得到了０１７１６＋７１４和０８３９＋１８７精确的光位置。参考星表采用拉帕玛的１８ｃｍ全自动子午环观测资料编制的ＣＡＭＣ星表，该星表是ＦＫ５星表系统。     

天文CCD观测的星象定心算法

针对目前常见的地面光学观测系统（天望远镜和CCD系统）,提出了一种快速确写是星星象中心的算法－逐次逼近法,该算法采用逐次副近的思想,可快速准确地解定恒星星象的中心,并采取了一些措施,较好地消弱了大气湍流的影响,该算法从整个系统的角度来分析和解决问题,很适应于计算机自动处理,具有实用性强,速度快的特点,还利用VC＋＋开发一套基于Windows98平台CCD星象定中心处理的软件。     

射电源0851＋202,1228＋126,1749＋701的光学定位

利用北京天文台施密特望远镜ＣＣＤ类星体多色测光巡天中的１５次观测,以ＮＰＭ星表作为参考星表和底片常数法进行处理,得到３颗河外射电源０８５１＋２０２,１２２８＋１２６,１７４９＋７０１的光学位置,文中分析比较了ＩＲＡＦ软件中计算星象中心的三种方法;同时提出应根据待测星的星等（或星象的半峰宽度）选择合适的采样范围。     

坦谱射电源PKS 0528 134中γ射线爆发和毫米波射电爆发的演化关系

在１９９１—１９９３年期间,Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎγ射线天文台（ＣＧＲＯ）在射电源ＰＫＳ０５２８＋１３４中观测到两次很强的射线爆发,都伴随有毫米波射电大爆发．本文详细分析了高能γ－Ｘ射线波段和红外－光学波段的辐射能量分布（ＳＥＤ）．结果表明,高能γ射线辐射可能主要是由喷流相对论电子对周围ＵＶ－软Ｘ射线光子的逆康普顿散射所产生的．同时,通过毫米波射电大爆发的频谱演化特性与γ射线源的同步辐射频谱特性的比较,对γ辐射等离子团和射电等离子团之间可能的演化联系作了讨论．     

射电源0851 202,1228 126,1749 701的光学定位

利用北京天文台施密特望远镜ＣＣＤ类星体多色测光巡天中的１５次观测,以ＮＰＭ星表作为参考星表和底片常数法进行处理,得到３颗河外射电源０８５１＋２０２,１２２８＋１２６,１７４９＋７０１的光学位置。文中分析比较了ＩＲＡＦ软件中计算星象中心的三种方法;同时提出应根据待测星的星等（或星象的半峰宽度）选择合适的采样范围。     

兴隆60 cm望远镜主焦CCD系统测光性能的研究

对兴隆６０ｃｍ望远镜主焦ＣＣＤ系统的测光性能进行了测试和研究．测定了ＣＣＤ快门时间函数,讨论了快门延迟效应对短时间曝光观测的可能影响．通过观测大批Ｌａｎｄｏｌｔ标准星,较准确地定出了ＢＶＲＩ宽带测光的星等系统转换关系,结果表明本系统与标准ＢＶＲＩ系统很接近．对ＣＣＤ系统的天文测光精度作了仔细的检验和分析,并对ＰＳＦ拟合测光和孔径测光两种方法进行了比较     

紫金山天文台HαCCD图像实时采集和处理系统

本语文介绍了由南京大学天文系和紫金山天文台研究人员共同开发的ＨαＣＣＤ图像实时采集和处理系统。给出该系统硬件结构、软件各部分的功能、图像文件格式以及使用方法。     

多功能天文经纬仪图像采集系统

多功能天文经纬仪是云南天文台新近研制的一种基于通用CCD观测的天体测量望远镜。在这台新型望远镜中,用两个模拟相机分别测量仪器的水平差和高度轴的准直差。当望远镜工作时,望远镜控制系统发出两路触发信号．一路控制数字相机,另一路控制两个模拟相机。两个采集卡分别安装在不同的工作站上,工作在外触发模式。介绍了望远镜的转轴观测模式,主要包含转轴前和转轴后两个观测阶段,采集图像的时刻和数量是由外触发信号控制的。介绍了硬件结构图。说明了软件编写的流程和实现方法．并且对系统中涉及的主要程序算法进行了较为详细的说明。图像采集软件的编写采用VC＋＋和SaperaLT。给出了采集系统软件的工作界面及图像采集系统采集的图像．并对数字相机拍摄的恒星像进行了简单的分析。     

致密星系群SCGG223的ASCA观测

光学观测表明,致密星系群ＳＣＧＧ ２２３中成员星系的速度弥散高达１１０６ｋｍ／ｓ,并且 整个星系群处于平衡状态．星系群的数值模拟也显示, ＳＣＧＧ ２２３是维里化的．这些光学 波段上的研究结果暗示, ＳＣＧＧ ２２３可能具有星系团量级的大引力质量,其星系际气体则 很可能处在极高温的状态．为了证实这些推测,作者在 １９９９年 ２月利用 ＡＳＣＡ卫星对 ＳＣＧＧ ２２３进行了 Ｘ射线观测．通过光谱分析,获得了它的气体温度和 ０．５～１０ ｋｅＶ波段 上的光度分别为ｋＴ＝１．４_（－０．４）~（＋．６）： ｋｅＶ和９．８５_（－２．０４）~（６．１１）× １０３６Ｊ Ｓ－１．与光学观测所作出的预计相 反,这些数值显示 ＳＣＧＧ ２２３是一个正常的低温星系群．由于 ＳＣＧＧ ２２３在 ０．５～１０ ｋｅＶ 波段上很暗,无法从ＡＳＣＡ获得的Ｘ射线表面亮度分布推算其总引力质量,因此,尚不 能直接判断它的质量是否真的像光学维里质量那样大．     

在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应

介绍和论述了在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中在优越参考系和非优越参考系中经过参数化后引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应,其中特别重点介绍了年周期变化的效应。此外也将理论结果同观测结果相对比。     

Third Integral and the Dynamics of the Galaxy in the Neighborhood of the Sun

Observational data on the dynamics of stars in the neighborhood of the sun indicate the existence of a third integral besides the integrals of the angular momentum and energy. The Poincaré integral is proposed as a third integral. The consequences of this assumption are derived and compared with available astrophysical data.     

耀变体亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的相关性讨论

耀变体(Blazars)的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量和吸积率有重要关系。搜集了53个耀变体源样本,包括22个蝎虎天体(BL Lacs)和31个平谱射电类星体(Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars,FSRQs),研究了耀变体亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的分布,并对子类中亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的相关性进行了讨论。研究结果表明:(1)蝎虎天体与平谱射电类星体的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的分布存在明显差异,这可能与蝎虎天体与平谱射电类星体的内禀性质有关,也可能与其有无发射线及发射线的强弱有关;(2)蝎虎天体的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量之间的相关性较强,亮温度可以在一定程度上描述蝎虎天体的黑洞喷流能量,亮温度大的蝎虎天体喷流携带的能量也较大;(3)平谱射电类星体的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量之间有弱相关性,平谱射电类星体的亮温度不能清楚地描述黑洞喷流能量,黑洞喷流能量受亮温度影响较小,平谱射电类星体的黑洞喷流能量可能受到其他因素的影响;(4)耀变体的亮温度与黑洞吸积率之间有弱的相关性。     

On the planetary acceleration and the rotation of the Earth

We have developed a cosmological model for the Earth rotation and planetary acceleration that gives a good account (data) of the Earth astronomical parameters. These data can be compared with the ones obtained using space-base telescopes. The expansion of the universe has shown to have an impact on the rotation of planets, and in particular, the Earth. The expansion of the universe causes an acceleration that is exhibited by all planets.     

Impact of the Quadrupole Moment of the Sun on the Dynamics of the Earth-Moon System

Range of values of the Sun's mass quadrupole moment of coefficient J₂ arising both from experimental and theoretical determinations enlarge across literature on two orders of magnitude, from around 10^-7 until to 10^-5. The accurate knowledge of the Moon's physical librations, for which the Lunar Laser Ranging data reach an outstanding precision level, prove to be appropriate to reduce the interval of J₂ values by giving an upper bound of J₂. A solar quadrupole moment as high as 1.1 10^-5 given either from the upper bounds of the error bars of the observations, or from the Roche's theory, is not compatible with the knowledge of the lunar librations accurately modeled and observed with the LLR experiment. The suitable values of J₂ have to be smaller than 3.0 10^-6. As a consequence, this upper bound of 3.0 10^-6 is accepted to study the impact of the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass on the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system. Such as effect (with J₂ = 5.5±1.3 × 10^-6) has been already tested in 1983 by Campbell & Moffat using analytical approximate equations, and thus for the orbits of Mercury, Venus, the Earth and Icarus. The approximate equations are no longer sufficient compared with present observational data and exact equations are required. As if to compute the effect on the lunar librations, we have used our BJV relativistic model of solar system integration including the spin-orbit coupled motion of the Moon. The model is solved by numerical integration. The BJV model stems from general relativity by using the DSX formalism for purposes of celestial mechanics when it is about to deal with a system of n extended, weakly self-gravitating, rotating and deformable bodies in mutual interactions. The resulting effects on the orbital elements of the Earth have been computed and plotted over 160 and 1600 years. The impact of the quadrupole moment of the Sun on the Earth's orbital motion is mainly characterized by variations of , , and . As a consequence, the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass could play a sensible role over long time periods of integration of solar system models. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the design of the PEPSI spectropolarimeter for the LBT

We present the design concept of the spectropolarimeter for the high‐resolution echelle spectrograph PEPSI tobe installed at the 2 × 8.4 m Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) in Arizona. We discuss the optical key elements, the principles of operations of the instrument and its instrumental polarization effects (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the role of the motion of the photospheric footpoints of the magnetic field lines

By means of a simple relation between the velocity v of the fluid particle and the velocity v_f of the photospheric footpoint of the magnetic field line v_z and B_z being respectively the components of v and the magnetic field B normal to the photospheric surface, it is shown formally that through the phtospheric surface the transport of all the quantities attributed to the magnetic field, such as the magnetic flux, the magnetic energy and the helicity, is independent of v_z, and v_f is the only kinematical quantity on which the transport depends. In addition, in the neighborhood of the neutral line the velocity v_l of the moving curve of constant B_z is found to be equal approximately to the component of v or v_f in the direction of v_l. Since v_l can be measured or extimated, so can the components of v and v_f near the neutral line.     

On the origin of the solar system and the exceptional position of the Sun in the Galaxy

The solar system's position in the Galaxy is an exclusive one, since the Sun is close to the corotation circle, which is the place where the angular velocity of the galactic differential rotation is equal to that of density waves displaying as spiral arms. Each galaxy contains only one corotation circle; therefore, it is an exceptional place. In the Galaxy, the deviation of the Sun from the corotation is very small — it is equal to ΔR/R _⊙≈0.03, where ΔR=R _c ?R _⊙,R _c is the corotation distance from the galactic center andR _⊙ is the Sun's distance from the galactic center. The special conditions of the Sun's position in the Galaxy explain the origin of the fundamental cosmogony timescalesT ₁≈4.6×10⁹ yr,T ₂?10⁸ yr,T ₃?10⁶ yr detected by the radioactive decay of various nuclides. The timescaleT ₁ (the solar system's ‘lifetime’) is the protosolar cloud lifetime in a space between the galactic spiral arms. The timescaleT ₂ is the presolar cloud lifetime in a spiral arm.T ₃ is a timescale of hydrodynamical processes of a cloud-wave interaction. The possibility of the natural explanation of the cosmogony timescales by the unified process (on condition that the Sun is near the state of corotation) can become an argument in favour of the fact that the nearness to the corotation is necessary for the formation of systems similar to the Solar system. If the special position of the Sun is not incidental, then the corotation circles of our Galaxy, as well as those of other galaxies, are just regions where situations similar to ours are likely to be found.     

Perturbations by the oblateness of the Earth and by the planets in the motion of the Moon

Perturbations in the motion of the Moon are computed for the effect by the oblateness of the Earth and for the indirect effect of planets. Based on Delaunay's analytical solution of the main problem, the computations are performed by a method of Fourier series operation. The effect of the oblateness of the Earth is obtained to the second order, partly adopting an analytical evaluation. Both in longitude and latitude are found a few terms whose coefficient differs from the current lunar ephemeris based on Brown's theory by about 0.01. While, concerning the indirect effect of planets, several periodic terms in the current ephemeris seem to have errors reaching 0.05.As for the secular variations of and due to the figure of the Earth and the indirect effect of planets, the newly-computed values agree within 1/cy with Brown's results reduced to the same values of the parameters. Further, the accelerations in the mean longitude, and caused by the secular changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbite and in the obliquity of the ecliptic are obtained. The comparison with Brown shows an agreement within 0.3/cy² for the former cause and 0.02/cy² for the latter. An error is found in the argument of the principal term for the perturbations due to the ecliptic motion in the current ephemeris.Proceedings of the Conference on Analytical Methods and Ephemerides: Theory and Observations of the Moon and Planets. Facultés universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium, 28–31 July, 1980.