全谱发射光谱仪应用于分析地质样品中的银锡硼钼铅

掌握地质样品中银锡硼钼铅的含量对于研究成矿规律和地球化学找矿极其重要,目前的分析方法很少能一次性准确高效检出银锡硼钼铅。本文在前人研究基础上建立了应用全谱发射光谱仪固体粉末进样,一次性高效、准确地分析检测地质样品中银锡硼钼铅的方法。采用国家一级标准物质(岩石、土壤和水系沉积物)对合成硅酸盐标准曲线进行第二次拟合以降低基体的干扰;设置元素分析谱线转换值实现元素分析谱线的简单切换,不同的样品含量使用不同的分析谱线,达到分析结果更加接近样品真值的效果,同时扩大了标准曲线线性范围。结果表明:银锡硼钼铅的检出限分别为0.0077μg/g、0.19μg/g、0.68μg/g、0.058μg/g、0.49μg/g,方法精密度在3.23%～9.39%之间。应用本方法分析土壤、水系沉积物、岩石国家一级标准物质的测定值与其认定值相符,△logC值的绝对值均小于0.10;实际样品和外控样的一次测试结果合格率分别为92%～98%、100%。本方法简单,分析速度快,避免了样品稀释带来的污染,使用多条分析谱线测定国家标准物质,相比传统发射光谱法使用单分析谱线的测定值更加接近认定值,检出限优于《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》的规定值。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法直接测定铜矿石中银铜铅锌

采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸消化处理样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定了铜矿石中的银、铜、铅和锌。较系统地研究了仪器的最佳化工作参数,采用基体匹配和校正因子相结合的办法校正样品的基体干扰和光谱干扰。方法检出限为:银3.15μg/g,铜4.00μg/g,铅12.0μg/g,锌6.00μg/g(稀释因子500),精密度(RSD,n=12)在0.38%~4.55%。方法经国家一级多金属矿石标准物质验证,测定值与标准值吻合,结果准确可靠。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定稀土矿石中的三氧化二铝

铝是稀土矿石常检的杂质元素,目前采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)基体匹配校正模式测定矿石中的铝量,对基体中铝的空白及基体量有一定的要求;且稀土矿石的品种很多,铝在其中的存在形式也较复杂,简单的酸溶很难彻底地将铝转入溶液中进行准确测定.本文采用碱熔法处理样品,滤液酸化后用ICP-AES测定稀土矿石中的Al2O3.通过共存元素干扰实验发现样品中的稀土元素及钍对铝的测定产生严重的光谱干扰,提出预先以碱分离除去消除干扰,有效地降低了检测下限:采用基体校正模式,消除了盐分对测定的影响.方法检出限为0.021～0.035 mg/g,测定范围为0.50％ ～ 8.00％,精密度(RSD)＜7.1％.对不同含量的样品进行分析,测定值与化学容量法测定结果基本相符.该方法具有测定含量范围宽、分析速度快、结果准确等优点.     

用双稀释法测定地质样品中的铅同位素组成

随着超净化实验室条件的完善以及多接收同位素质谱技术的成熟，铅同位素双稀释法倍受关注。用双稀释法测定铅同位素比值的方法原理，以及^204Pb—^207Pb双稀释剂的配制和标定方法。通过对标准物质NBS981和地质样品的分析测定，表明用双稀释法测定铅同位素比值，可以有效校正由质谱分析造成的同位素分馏效应，从而提高分析结果的精度和准确度。     

地质样品中40个微量,痕量,超痕量元素的ICP—M …

以基体匹配的混合标准沉沦为外标校正沉沦,采用＾１１５Ｉｎ－＾１０３Ｒｈ双内标校正系统,通过单个元素Ｃａ,Ｃｒ,Ｔｉ,Ｂａ,Ｌａ,Ｃｅ,Ｐｒ的氧化物、氢氧化物产率的测定,计算其等效干扰离子浓度,并进行校正,从而有效地抑制了分析信号的漂移、在体效应及多原子离 子干扰。针对不同岩 的地质样品,分别采用酸消解、碱熔融样品制备体系,在ＰＯＥＭＳⅢ上建立了等离子体质谱法同时测定微量、痕量、超痕量元素的分析方法     

化学法稀土复合钇锆陶瓷粉中14种痕量金属杂质的测定

采用HNO3-HF混合酸对样品进行前处理,选择合适的同位素,采用KED模式和干扰系数校正法消除质谱干扰,以103 Rh为内标测定Na、Mg、Al、K、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Ba,以185 Re为内标测定Pb,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法对化学法制得的稀土复合钇锆陶瓷粉中14种痕量杂质元素的测定方法。实验发现,样品前处理选择6mL HNO3+2mL HF,可以完全消解样品,也能避免环境因素导致的流程空白显著增加;基体主成分Y2O3和ZrO2在质量标准范围内的变化,对各元素的测定结果影响不大,以Rh和Re做内标,可以克服基体效应并校正仪器产生的信号漂移。通过绘制校准曲线及测定流程空白,各元素校准曲线的相关系数均在0.9996以上,方法检出限为0.001～0.255μg/g,方法定量限为0.003～0.765μg/g。对化学法稀土复合钇锆陶瓷粉实际样品进行测定,各待测元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)在1.45%～7.31%之间,加标回收率为88.9%～112.1%。     

草酸铵为基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定碳酸盐岩中的痕量银

目前采用酸溶分解试样,以硫脲或磷酸氢二铵为基体改进剂,应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)可以直接测定各类地质样品中的痕量银;但应用于测定碳酸盐岩中的痕量银时,基体元素钙镁会产生干扰,同时影响石墨管的使用寿命。本文采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸四酸溶样,硝酸提取,以草酸铵(45.5 g/L)作基体改进剂,试液中的钙镁与草酸铵快速反应生成白色沉淀物而分离,并形成了具有挥发性的铵盐介质环境,可显著提高石墨炉的灰化温度进一步除去铵盐介质,从而消除了基体元素的各种影响。本方法操作简单,经国家标准物质验证,其测定值与标准值的相对偏差均小于10%,检出限为0.010μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)小于1.0%。本方法不仅分离了干扰基体,而且比前人采用的一米光栅发射光谱法的检出限(0.04μg/g)更低。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定含重晶石的银铅矿中的铅

测定银铅矿中的铅,常规分解方法是采用酸溶法（王水和四酸）处理样品。当银铅矿中重晶石含量为40%~80%时,酸溶法不能完全分解样品,造成铅的测定结果偏低;且样品中大量硫酸钡的存在易与铅生成铅钡复盐沉淀而影响铅的准确测定。本文采用过氧化钠碱熔法分解样品,在试液中加入氯化钡,应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定重晶石含量高的银铅矿中铅的含量,通过优化取样量与稀释倍数等参数,配合高盐雾化器的使用有效避免了基体干扰。方法检出限为0.013%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.1%~1.6%,回收率为97.9%~102.9%,标准样品的测定结果可靠。本法采用过氧化钠碱熔,可完全彻底地分解样品;氯化钡的加入使重晶石含量高的银铅矿样品中硫酸钡对铅的干扰被消除,而对不含重晶石的铅矿样品中铅的测定无影响。本法解决了银铅矿与高含量重晶石共生时样品难分解的问题,同时解决了硫酸钡干扰测定铅的问题。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中铜锌铕钆铽的干扰及校正

由于电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析不是在封闭的真空系统中进行,在测定过程中,气体、水和酸产生的一些离子都可能进入检测系统,产生干扰,严重影响痕量元素的准确分析。文章采用氢氟酸-硝酸封闭压力酸溶分解样品,ICP-MS法同时测定地质样品中Cu、Zn、Eu、Gd、Tb,研究了Ti、Ba、Ce、Pr、Nd对Cu、Zn、Eu、Gd、Tb的干扰情况。实验选择质量数65Cu、66Zn、153Eu、157Gd、159Tb作为测定同位素,用干扰系数脱机校正法校正分别来自Ti、Ba、Ce、Pr、Nd的氧化物重叠干扰,有效地解决了被干扰元素在测定时数值准确度低的问题。方法检出限(稀释因子1000)为:Cu 0.47μg/g、Zn 0.82μg/g、Eu 0.002μg/g、Gd 0.004μg/g、Tb 0.002μg/g,方法精密度(RSD,n=12)<5%,准确度(RE)<5%。方法用岩石、土壤、水系沉积物国家一级标准物质进行验证,测定值与标准值相符,适用于地质样品中Cu、Zn、Eu、Gd、Tb的测定。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定铝矿石中主次痕量组分

采用熔融玻璃片和粉末压片法制样,选用国家标准样品和人工合成标准样品,用经验α系数和散射线内标法校正元素间谱线重叠干扰和基体效应,使用Magix（PW 2403）X射线光谱仪对样品中的Al2O3、SiO2、Fe2O3、TiO2、K2O、Na2O、CaO、MgO、P2O5、MnO、S、Pb、Zn、Sr、Zr、V、Ga和Cr等组分进行测定,分析结果与标准值或化学法相符,12次测定的相对标准偏差小于10%.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of