三维激光扫描技术在矿区道路沉陷监测中应用

矿区开采会导致工作面上方的道路下沉、倾斜等变形,产生道路塌陷、隆起等破坏现象,传统的地表沉陷监测方法具有工作量大、监测时间长等缺点,很难适应实时化矿区开采沉陷监测的需要.实验以某煤矿为例,结合三维激光扫描技术,提出了一种矿区道路沉陷区监测方法.首先布设道路路面外业扫描方案,获取道路沉陷区三维点云数据;然后利用插值得到各期数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM),进行差值得到各点位下沉值;最后使用反距离加权法对下沉数据栅格化处理得到道路下沉模型.将三维激光扫描监测值与对应的实测水准数据对比分析得出,点位误差在1cm以内,验证了该方法的可行性.     

3D激光扫描应用于开采沉陷相似材料模型观测

根据开采沉陷相似材料模型实验的特点,采用了三维激光扫描仪对开采沉陷相似材料模型进行观测,得到了测点的拟合与建模两种三维坐标数据,分析了模型的下沉曲线,实现了用三维激光扫描仪对开采沉陷相似材料模型观测新方法的研究.     

地面三维激光扫描与RTK相结合建立开采沉陷观测站

三维激光扫描与RTK都是现代测量技术,本文从精度方面分析说明了二者结合建立开采沉陷观测站是可行的;介绍了布站方式、数据采集及处理方法;并与常规观测站进行比较,新观测站具有节省成本、时间,效率高,获取数据量多等优点,且不易有测点的维护和缺失等问题,是一种可供借鉴的的观测方法;最后以实例进行说明此方法的实用性。     

三维激光扫描技术应用于开采沉陷监测研究

采用Trimble GX 3D扫描系统进行数据采集,以其配套的Real Works Survey软件处理数据,详细介绍了沉陷监测点的观测,并对结果进行了分析,针对沉陷区域提出了具体的观测方案和数据处理方法,模拟试验结果表明,三维激光扫描技术应用于开采沉陷监测其精度完全满足观测需要。     

矿山开采沉陷专题信息表达新模式

针对矿山开采沉陷所引发的地表形变信息表达和准确制图问题,该文结合遥感影像与地形图等数据,基于矿区开采沉陷变形预计结果和三维可视化方法,对矿山开采沉陷专题信息表达及其GIS制图新模式进行了探究。实现了矿区地表下沉、水平移动、水平变形、倾斜和曲率的形变信息应用分析与可视化,以及下沉盆地水淹范围模拟图、三维地表变形影像图、特定区域变形分析图、采动损坏等级分布图等制图功能。     

试验模型变形测量数码照相装置研究

针对矿山开采沉陷相似材料模型试验的特点,提出适合小变形体高精度位移测量的普通数码照相方法,通过在测点周围设置独立的控制格网并进行单点数码照相来获取模型测点的变形量,最后用试验验证该方法的实用性。     

一种顾及矿区地形特征的开采沉陷三维可视化实现方法

针对已有开采沉陷三维可视化方法中不能考虑矿区三维地形特征的不足,本文通过计算机语言编制开采沉陷预计程序对矿区地表点进行三维坐标变形预计计算与坐标融合计算,并基于数据传输的方式与ArcGIS进行结合,实现了顾及矿区三维地形特征的开采沉陷三维可视化。利用该方法生成的三维表面,克服了已有开采沉陷三维可视化方法中不能表现矿区地表塌陷后移动和变形状况的不足,而且能充分利用ArcGIS强大的空间分析与空间数据查询功能,实现了GIS在开采沉陷领域中的良好应用。     

小波分析在开采沉陷区地表裂缝信息提取的应用

三维激光扫描技术作为一种新的测量手段具有高效率、高精度的特点。其获得的海量的测量数据里面存在大量的有用信息,如何从这些信息里面提取出所关心的数据是目前研究的一个热点。本文根据开采沉陷区地表裂缝三维激光扫描数据的特点,将小波分析用于地表裂缝位置的判别。与现场实测数据的比较表明,合适的小波基能够有效地识别出地表裂缝的位置,为接下来的治理工作提供技术支持。     

基于D-InSAR方法求取深部开采地表移动参数研究

深部开采有着地表沉陷时间长、范围大,地表测点难以长时间保存的特点,目前我国几乎没有深部开采的正规观测站。为解决这一问题,本文采用了D-In SAR技术获取了徐州矿区张小楼千米深部开采地表沉降数据,通过将监测结果与地表水准测量进行对比,证明了D-In SAR结果的正确性,并结合测点缺失情况下地表移动参数的求取方法,基于D-In SAR数据求取了千米深部开采地表移动参数。结果表明采用D-In SAR方法对深部开采地表移动的监测可以解决深部开采地表移动参数的求取问题。     

三维激光扫描技术在煤矿沉陷区监测应用

采用三维激光扫描仪与传统观测相结合的方法,获取开采沉陷区精细三维点云数据,在对激光点云数据预处理和数据分析基础上,分别对采空区地表沉降、铁路线沉降、铁路桥沉降与形变监测进行研究,并与传统观测结果进行对比分析,结果表明两者具有较好的一致性。     

基于SBAS技术的金属矿山沉陷规律研究

D-InSAR技术已经发展成为一种重要的地表监测手段,在矿山监测方面已经有较多成功的案例。但是矿山地表沉陷是一个长周期的形变序列,D-InSAR技术由于失相关等因素影响无法获得长周期的时序形变,小基线技术削弱了失相关的影响,可以获得时序的地表形变。文中利用小基线技术分析金属矿山沉陷规律,以某大型锑金属矿山为研究背景,用过14期形变序列探索一定地质采矿条件下的金属矿山的开采沉陷规律。结果表明,金属矿山受重力作用较大,部分区域地表形变受复杂地质构造控制。     

Subsidence in the Kathmandu Basin,before and after the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha Earthquake,Nepal Revealed from Small Baseline Subset-DInSAR Analysis

Land subsidence in densely urbanized areas is a global problem that is primarily caused by excessive groundwater withdrawal. The Kathmandu Basin is one such area where subsidence due to groundwater depletion has been a major problem in recent years. Moreover, on 25 April 2015, this basin experienced large crustal movements caused by the Gorkha earthquake (Mw 7.8). Consequently, the effects of earthquake-induced deformation could affect the temporal and spatial nature of anthropogenic subsidence in the basin. However, this effect has not yet been fully studied. In this paper, we applied the SBAS-DInSAR technique to estimate the spatiotemporal displacement of land subsidence in the Kathmandu Basin before and after the Gorkha earthquake, using 16 ALOS-1 Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) images during the pre-seismic period and 26 Sentinel-1 A/B SAR images during the pre- and post-seismic periods. The results showed that the mean subsidence rate in the central part of the basin was about ?8.2 cm/year before the earthquake. The spatial extents of the subsiding areas were well-correlated with the spatial distributions of the compressible clay layers in the basin. We infer from time-series InSAR analysis that subsidence in the Kathmandu basin could be associated with fluvio-lacustrine (clay) deposits and local hydrogeological conditions. However, after the mainshock, the subsidence rate significantly increased to ?15 and ?12 cm/year during early post-seismic (108 days) and post-seismic (2015–2016) period, respectively. Based on a spatial analysis of the subsidence rate map, the entire basin uplifted during the co-seismic period has started to subside and become stable during the early-post-seismic period. This is because of the elastic rebound of co-seismic deformation. However, interestingly, the localized areas show increased subsidence rates during both the early-post- and post-seismic periods. Therefore, we believe that the large co-seismic deformation experienced in this basin might induce the local subsidence to increase in rate, caused by oscillations of the water table level in the clay layer.     

3维激光扫描仪的全站化实现方法

3维激光扫描仪扫描得到的是目标点的相对坐标,无法直接满足需要大地坐标的工程应用的要求,且不同扫描站间点云数据的拼接非常麻烦。对这些问题,让3维激光扫描仪如全站仪一样能够直接获得大地坐标是一种理想的解决办法。分析了3维激光扫描仪的工作原理,介绍了扫描仪的极坐标系和直角坐标系并推导了其转换关系;在扫描仪中引入旋转平台和平台坐标系,推导了平台坐标系与扫描坐标系及大地坐标系之间的转换模型。在此基础上将扫描坐标转化为大地坐标,实现3维激光扫描仪的全站化。     

一种快速的正射影像制作方法

本文研究利用测区前期的地形图来获取进行空中三角测量时所需的控制点三维坐标信息,对整个测区进行自动空中三角测量,获取每张像片的外方位元素,建立立体模型。然后在前期的数字高程模型(DEM)切割出对应模型的DEM,对像片进行数字微分纠正,获取每个模型正射影像。实验证明该方法的可行性。     

Land subsidence characteristics of Jakarta between 1997 and 2005, as estimated using GPS surveys

Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia with a population of about 12 million people, inhabiting an area of about 625 km². It is well known that several areas in Jakarta are subsiding rapidly. There are four different types of land subsidence that can be expected to occur in the Jakarta basin, namely: subsidence due to groundwater extraction, subsidence induced by the load of constructions (i.e., settlement of high compressibility soil), subsidence caused by natural consolidation of alluvial soil and tectonic subsidence. In addition to the leveling method, Global Positioning System (GPS) survey methods have been used to study land subsidence in Jakarta. In this paper, we characterize subsidence in the Jakarta basin using eight episodic/campaign GPS surveys between 1997 and 2005. The estimated subsidence rates are 1–10 cm/year. The observed subsidence rates in several locations show a positive correlation with known abstraction volumes of groundwater extraction. These basin-wide series of GPS measurements show how this type of measurement can play an important role in multiple public policy decision making in this rapidly growing area.     

Lithology-controlled subsidence and seasonal aquifer response in the Bandung basin,Indonesia, observed by synthetic aperture radar interferometry

Land subsidence in the Bandung basin, West Java, Indonesia, is characterized based on differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) and interferometric point target analysis (IPTA). We generated interferograms from 21 ascending SAR images over the period 1 January 2007 to 3 March 2011. The estimated subsidence history shows that subsidence continuously increased reaching a cumulative 45 cm during this period, and the linear subsidence rate reached ∼12 cm/yr. This significant subsidence occurred in the industrial and densely populated residential regions of the Bandung basin where large amounts of groundwater are consumed. However, in several areas the subsidence patterns do not correlate with the distribution of groundwater production wells and mapped aquifer degradation. We conclude that groundwater production controls subsidence, but lithology is a counteracting factor for subsidence in the Bandung basin. Moreover, seasonal trends of nonlinear surface deformations are highly related with the variation of rainfall. They indicate that there is elastic expansion (rebound) of aquifer system response to seasonal-natural recharge during rainy season.