基于非结构网格RANS方法螺旋桨空化研究

基于粘性流理论探索螺旋桨空泡研究的有效方法,从而揭示螺旋桨空泡特性与其周围流场特征之间的关系.利用基于非结构网格的雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程(RANS)来预报螺旋桨在均匀入流下的不同空化现象.用体积分数将混合两相流作为统一流体处理后,采用k-ω二方程湍流模型和全空化模型联立求解基于混合两相流的 RANS方程.将RANS数值计算结果与INSEAN的实验数据相比较后显示,产生空化的螺旋桨性能、导边空化与叶梢空化发生位置和形状与实验观察结果一致.研究表明此方法对均匀入流下的螺旋桨空化预报是切实可行的.     

非结构化网格下椭圆型缓坡方程的数值求解

椭圆型缓坡方程是一种用线性波浪理论研究近岸波浪传播变形的有效波浪数学模型。非结构化网格下的有限容积法不仅对复杂边界的适应性好,还能保证迭代求解过程的守恒性。建立了非结构化网格下的椭圆型缓坡方程数值模型。在模型中采用非结构化网格下的有限容积法对椭圆型缓坡方程进行了数值离散,结合GPBiCG(m,n)算法求解离散方程。数值计算结果表明,该数值模型可有效地用于模拟近岸缓坡区域复杂边界下波浪的传播。     

三维正交非结构网格数值模型中物理流场的定义方法与改进

使用Casulli等(2000)的数值方法建立了基于正交非结构网格的U型渠道的三维近岸正压水动力数值模型,检验了模型使用ELM(Eulerian-Lagrangian Method)方法处理平流项时,物理流场的定义对模拟结果的作用。数值试验和结果分析说明,使用ELM方法计算平流项所需的物理流场对计算结果影响明显,而目前常用的两种物理流场定义方法都存在一定不足——水位计算值对流速变化的反映不灵敏或者会产生小扰动等。针对常用物理流场定义方法的不足之处,作者在Casulli方法的基础上利用对多边形切向流速分量进行平均的方法改进了物理流场定义,抑制了小扰动。     

非均匀风影响下风力机三维气动粘性流场的数值模拟

基于面向对象的开源软件OpenFOAM,选择美国国家新能源实验室(NREL)Phase VI风力机为对象,对以往研究较少的非均匀来流风速作用下风力机三维气动粘性流场进行数值模拟。采用较为接近于真实情况的指数型风剖面,计算了轮毂处风速分别为5、10、15和25 m/s四种工况下的叶片表面压力分布、叶片的推力、尾涡等气动力数据,并与均匀来流风速下的风力机气动力学性能进行详细的对比,探讨非均匀风剖面对风力机流场结构和流动特性影响的物理现象和规律。     

内孤立波与深海立管相互作用数值模拟

提出了一种对内孤立波与深海立管相互作用耦合数值模拟方法。流场采用内孤立波数值水槽方法进行模拟,结构响应采用基于薄壳理论的有限元方法进行计算,采用一种将流场和结构响应数据进行实时传输的方法,实现了流体与固体之间的耦合数值模拟。对内孤立波作用下某长径比为1 200的深海立管载荷及其动力响应特性进行了数值模拟与分析。结果表明内孤立波不仅会对深海立管产生突发性剪切载荷作用,而且还会使立管产生大幅度变形响应现象,因此在深海立管设计与应用中,内孤立波的影响是不可忽视的。研究表明,该方法为研究内孤立波作用下深海立管动力特性及其工程预报相关问题提供了一种有效的手段。     

平板近壁面双孔通气气液两相流场的数值模拟研究

基于自编程序发展了一种平板近壁面通气气液两相湍流流动数值模拟方法,并对近壁面双孔通气气液两相流场进行了数值模拟分析。研究结果表明：建立的数值计算方法摆脱了对传统 RANS 湍流模型的依赖, 可以较好地捕捉气液界面的失稳现象,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。平板近壁面双孔通气气泡的掺混融合过程可以分为 3 个流动阶段：独立稳定发展阶段、初步掺混融合阶段以及充分融合阶段。流场中气泡的发展演化与旋涡结构相关,剪切层涡和反向旋转涡对在其掺混融合过程中起着主要作用。     

基于流-固耦合的不同外形抗拖网海床基外部流场分析

本文采用计算流体动力学方法(CFD),在考虑耦合场的条件下对2种不同形状的抗拖网海床基外部流场进行了流固耦合分析。根据抗拖网海床基的外形结构,建立了抗拖网海床基流体动力学分析模型,利用ICEM CFD对其进行前处理,并利用动网格技术对模拟区域的边界条件进行了设置。根据流固2种不同耦合方式的介绍及模拟对比分析,选择了单向流固耦合方式。对两种抗拖网海床基的外部速度场以及压力进行分析研究,抗拖网海床基外部流场的数值模拟可以为进一步开展抗拖网海床基结构优化设计提供参考。     

基于水电比拟方法的山东南四湖上级湖流场研究

利用水电比拟方法模拟了南四湖流场结构。同时,基于HAMSOM模式,对其流场进行了数值模拟,所得结果与水电比拟结果一致,两者平均相关系数在0.94以上,表明水电比拟实验技术路线可行,流场基本结构准确。该方法适用于低流速大流场的模拟。流场结构分析表明,湖区流速在汛期为cm/s量级,非汛期仅为mm/s量级。其中,在南阳湖北部...     

基于物理特征的平面流场拓扑简化算法

基于网格合并思想实现的平面流场拓扑简化,存在物理特征被忽略和并行实现困难的问题,难以满足远程可视化的要求。文中提出1种基于物理特征的平面流场拓扑简化算法。算法通过计算生成平面流场的物理特征参数图像,利用图像分割提取平面流场的特征区域达到流场简化的目的。实验结果表明,算法能从物理特征和宏观的角度出发快速、准确描述平面流场的拓扑结构,为平面流场可视化提供了1种新方法。     

新型消能结构物边界形状对波浪反射特性影响研究

为了使消能结构在多频率波浪作用下都能有一个较低的反射率,提出一种新型消能结构——双层板与双列开孔结构复合结构。考虑了面积约束条件下结构物边界对波浪反射特性的影响,运用数值模拟方法模拟了波浪与结构物的相互作用,计算了消能结构在不同边界形状下的反射系数,对比波浪反射系数结果获得了最佳的消能结构物边界形状。反射系数研究结果及消能结构周围流场的分析表明:消能结构物的反射特性及流场特性对波候有一定的依赖性,也依赖于消能结构物的边界特性。因此开展消能结构物边界排布及形状的研究是很有必要的。     

不同节点布置下二维涡激振动的无单元法参数化分析

尝试建立1种基于无单元法的涡激振动数值模拟算法,并给出适用于涡激振动分析的前处理自动布点方法.基于无单元法理论,使用动最小二乘法构造形函数,利用无单元伽辽金法,采用速度和压力分离模式,及手工布点和自动布点2种方法所得出的节点布置形式,对流场控制方程进行空间离散,模拟二维涡激振动的流场形态,并对VIV相关参数进行分析,计算不同节点布置情况下的升力系数(Cl)、曳力系数(Cd)及斯特罗哈数(St),并与物理模型实验结果进行对比.计算结果表明,无单元伽辽金法应用于立管VIV分析是可行的,且文中采用2种布点方法均能较好的模拟流场中泻涡脱落的形态,计算结果与传统方法和物理模型实验结果吻合良好.证明文中2种布点方法都能用于固定圆柱的二维VIV分析,但自动布点法能够更好地适用于复杂问题的计算及圆柱体在流场中的VIV动力响应分析.     

波浪作用下铰接式层合浮体的水弹性响应研究

在工程设计中,通常采用模块化方式制造超大型浮式结构物,将巨大的单体结构分割成多个较小模块,后期通过合适的连接器拼装形成。为了明确多模块超大浮体在波浪作用下的水弹性响应,以两个相邻层合浮体（高刚度面板和低密度芯材）为研究对象,建立波浪作用下铰接层合浮体水弹性响应的高阶势流模型。采用匹配特征函数展开法求解流体运动的速度势,探讨了铰接处弹簧刚度对浮体的反射系数、透射系数、挠度、弯矩和剪力的影响规律。研究结果表明：迎浪侧浮体的存在可以有效降低背浪侧浮体的挠度、弯矩和剪力幅值;与垂直弹簧相比,扭转弹簧刚度的增加可以更加有效抑制铰接层合浮体的水弹性响应;当扭转弹簧刚度大于一定值时,继续增大弹簧刚度对浮体的动力响应不产生影响。     

Numerical study on the interaction among a nonlinear wave,composite breakwater and sandy seabed

Most previous investigations related to composite breakwaters have focused on the wave forces acting on the structure itself from a hydrodynamic aspect. The foundational aspects of a composite breakwater under wave-induced cyclic loading are also important in studying the stability of a composite breakwater. In this study, numerical simulations were performed to investigate the wave-induced pore water pressure and flow changes inside the rubble mound of the composite breakwater and seabed foundation. The validity and applicability of the numerical model were demonstrated by comparing numerical results with existing experimental data. Moreover, the present model clearly has shown that the instantaneous directions of pore water flow motion inside the seabed induced by surface waves are in good agreement with the general wave-induced pore water flow inside the seabed. The model is further used to discuss the stability of a composite breakwater, i.e., the interaction among nonlinear waves, composite breakwater and seabed. Numerical results suggest that the stability of a composite breakwater is affected by not only downward shear flow generating on the seaward slope face of the rubble mound but, also, a high and dense pore water pressure gradient inside the rubble mound and seabed foundation.     

Self-localization of planetary wave structures in the ionosphere upon interaction with nonuniform geomagnetic field and zonal wind

The generation and further linear and nonlinear dynamics of planetary magnetized Rossby waves (MRWs) in the rotating dissipative ionosphere are studied in the presence of a zonal wind (shear flow). MRWs are caused by interaction with the spatially nonuniform geomagnetic field and are ionospheric manifestations of ordinary tropospheric Rossby waves. A simplified self-consistent set of model equations describing MRW-shear flow interaction is derived on the basis of complete equations of ionospheric magnetohydrodynamics. Based on an analysis of an exact analytical solution to the derived dynamic equations, an effective linear mechanism of MRW amplification in the interaction with nonuniform zonal wind is ascertained. It is shown that operators of linear problems are non-self-adjoint in the case of shear flows, and the corresponding eigenfunctions are nonorthogonal; therefore, the canonically modal approach is of little use when studying such flows; a so-called nonmodal mathematical analysis is required. It is ascertained that MRWs effectively get shear flow energy during the linear stage of evolution and significantly increase (by several orders of magnitude) their energy and amplitude. The necessary and sufficient condition of shear flow instability in an ionospheric medium is derived. Nonlinear self-localization begins with the development of shear instability and an increase in the amplitude, and the process ends with the self-organization of strongly localized isolated large-scale nonlinear vortex structures. Thus, a new degree of freedom and a way for perturbation evolution to occur appear in medium with shear flow. The nonlinear systems can be a pure monopole vortex, a vortex streets, or vortex chains depending of the shape of the sheared flow velocity profile. The accumulation of such vortices in the ionospheric medium can produce a strongly turbulent state.     

A general model for analysis of sound radiation from orthogonally stiffened laminated composite plates

A general theoretical model is developed to investigate the sound radiation from an infinite orthogonally stiffened plate under point excitation force. The plate can be metallic or composite, and fluid loading is also considered in the research. The first order shear deformation theory is used to account for the transverse shear deformation. The motion of the equally spaced stiffeners is examined by considering their bending vibrations and torsional movements. Based on the periodic structure theory and the concepts of the equivalent dynamic flexibility of the plate, the generalized vibro-acoustic equation of the model is obtained by applying the Fourier transform method. The generalized model that can be solved numerically is validated by comparing model predictions with the existing results. Numerical calculations are performed to investigate the effects of the location of the excitation, the spacing of the stiffeners, the plate thickness, the strengthening form and the fiber orientation on the sound radiation characteristic of the orthogonaUy stiffened plate, and some practical conclusions are drawn from these parameter studies.     

Computation of Viscous Uniform and Shear Flow over A Circular Cylinder by A Finite Element Method

The incompressible viscous uniform and shear flow past a circular cylinder is studied. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a finite element method. The governing equations are discretized by a weighted residual method in space. The stable three-step scheme is applied to the momentum equations in the time integration. The numerical model is firstly applied to the computation of the lid-driven cavity flow for its validation. The computed results agree well with the measured data and other numerical results. Then, it is used to simulate the viscous uniform and shear flow over a circular cylinder for Reynolds numbers from lO0 to lO00. The transient time interval before the vortex shedding occurs is shortened considerably by introduction of artificial perturbation. The computed Strouhal number, drag and lift coefficients agree well with the experimental data. The computation shows that the finite element model can be successfully applied to the viscous flow problem.     

A linear model for the structure of turbulence beneath surface water waves

The structure of turbulence in the ocean surface layer is investigated using a simplified semi-analytical model based on rapid-distortion theory. In this model, which is linear with respect to the turbulence, the flow comprises a mean Eulerian shear current, the Stokes drift of an irrotational surface wave, which accounts for the irreversible effect of the waves on the turbulence, and the turbulence itself, whose time evolution is calculated. By analysing the equations of motion used in the model, which are linearised versions of the Craik–Leibovich equations containing a ‘vortex force’, it is found that a flow including mean shear and a Stokes drift is formally equivalent to a flow including mean shear and rotation. In particular, Craik and Leibovich’s condition for the linear instability of the first kind of flow is equivalent to Bradshaw’s condition for the linear instability of the second. However, the present study goes beyond linear stability analyses by considering flow disturbances of finite amplitude, which allows calculating turbulence statistics and addressing cases where the linear stability is neutral. Results from the model show that the turbulence displays a structure with a continuous variation of the anisotropy and elongation, ranging from streaky structures, for distortion by shear only, to streamwise vortices resembling Langmuir circulations, for distortion by Stokes drift only. The TKE grows faster for distortion by a shear and a Stokes drift gradient with the same sign (a situation relevant to wind waves), but the turbulence is more isotropic in that case (which is linearly unstable to Langmuir circulations).     

后台阶下游床面冲刷过程数值模拟研究

以床面瞬时剪应力作为泥沙起动及输运的水动力机制,建立了结构物周围复杂流场下床面局部冲刷的数学模型。并应用大涡模拟方法对后台阶下游三维湍流流动进行数值模拟,得到台阶下游床面瞬时剪应力的分布规律。为了确定床面瞬时剪应力与泥沙上扬通量的关系,先应用数学模型对不同模型参数下,冲刷开始后5分钟时台阶下游床面形状进行试算。通过试算与实验结果的比较,确定床面瞬时剪应力与泥沙上扬通量关系中需要的模型参数。进一步对冲刷开始后30分钟内台阶下游床面演化规律进行模拟,模拟结果与实验结果相符合。     

海底管道冲刷势流模型的改进

对Li&Cheng的势流模型在数值方法、床面平衡条件及冲刷床面调整技术做出了3方面的改进。采用边界元法代替差分法求解Laplace方程,前者可以准确地拟合地形与管道边界,因而可以准确反映固壁边界对流态的影响,此外,还具有数据准备简单,降低计算维数,计算速度快等优点。Li&Cheng模型以床面水流切应力等于泥沙起动切应力,τb=τc,作为床面平衡条件,这只适用于清水冲刷。以沿程输沙相同作为平衡剖面条件,理论上,将模型推广到了动床冲刷。此外,为了提高模型的收敛性,提出了最速下降法与牛顿迭代法相结合的床面调整技术。采用实验资料对模型进行了检验,计算的冲刷深度与实验结果符合良好。     

主动源海底地震仪横波模型的自动搜索与非唯一性分析*

主动源海底地震仪探测在海底结构的研究中发挥着重要作用, 其中转换横波数据模拟为研究海底构造和物质属性提供了精确依据。本文针对现行转换横波模拟技术存在的步骤繁琐、难以确保最优解和无法进行非唯一性分析等问题进行研究, 提出了基于模型解空间和目标函数的模拟技术, 形成了主动源转换横波数据模拟的新方法, 该方法可借助计算机程序实现结构模拟的自动化。在南海西北陆缘的西沙地块OBS2013-3测线上对该方法进行验证, 分别利用单台PPS震相和全体台站的PSS震相走时数据进行模拟试验。结果表明, 本文的方法能够提供对于最优模型的快速、准确搜索和非唯一性范围的估计。这一方法有助于提高主动源海底地震仪转换横波数据模拟的效率, 并为结果的可靠性和稳定性提供更好的保障。