雷达枪水面流速仪简介及其比测试验研究

雷达枪(SVR)水面流速仪从美国DECATUR瓜公司引进,是"948"项目一"黑河水量实时监测系统引进"项目中的重要仪器.本文对雷达枪水面流速仪作了简要阐述,并对该仪器与常规测验仪器进行了比测试验研究.目的是利用国际先进的测量技术,结合黑河水量分配调度以及水文测验规范的具体要求,提高水量监测的手段,快速测量出监测断面的水量数据,为实施水资源的统一调度和管理提供技术支持.同时也为该仪器在我国西北内陆地区推广使用奠定基础.     

内陆河流域河流水面流速系数比测试验研究

水面流速系数是流量测验中经常使用的参数.目前,大部分水文站使用水面流速系数均选用经验值,为提高流量洲验精度,2003-2007年间.在内陆河流域代表站莺落峡、高崖、正义峡、祁连、肃南水文站开展了对水面流速系数的比测试验工作,取得大量比测试验资料.通过分析得出试验分析成果,并对试验分析计算方法和比测试验方法进行了探讨.水面流速系数分析计算方法采用算术平均法、回归分析法.两种分析方法得出的结论基本一致.算术平均法是对回归分析成果的校核.因此均采用回归分析法比测试验分析成果.以莺落峡站为例对垂线比测法和断面流量比测法两种不同比测试验方法进行对比分析和比测试验方法优选.垂线比测法和断面流量比测法均能得到比较满意的结果,相关系数均达O.95以上,分析成果比较接近.断面流量比测法理论比较严密,得到的水面流速系数适合全断面应用.这些试验分析成果为提高流量测验精度提供理论依据.     

侧扫雷达测流系统在水文信息监测中的比测研究及误差分析

国内现有的侧扫雷达测流大多停留在比测试验上,尚未有在国家水文站,尤其是大江大河上正式投产、参与整编归档的案例。利用自主研发的UHF雷达测流系统,通过在仙桃水文站与常规缆道流速仪测流开展比测试验,判断其测得的表面流速分布的合理性;重点研究表面流速反演流量的技术方法,并开展相应的误差分析。结果表明,UHF雷达测流系统有较好的流量测验精度,可为该系统在水文信息监测中的推广应用提供参考。     

悬沙采样器比测试验成果审定会在重庆召开

根据世界气象织组(WMO)的第二阶段水文仪器(悬移质泥沙采样器)比测计划,长办受水电部的委托,在长江朱家沱水文站用WMO指定的校核仪器(美国P-61采样器)与我国研制的几种常用悬沙采样器进行了比测试验。为此,水电部水文局于1986年12月9～13日在重庆召开了悬沙采样器比测试验成果审定会。     

单孔多层监测技术在头道沟河流域地下水监测中的应用

地下水是当前工农业生产和居民生活用水的最主要来源,对其水量、水质、动态变化等情况进行实时监测意义重大。而单孔多层监测技术有效避免了传统勘察孔投资大、工期长等缺点,在当前地下水监测工作中发挥越来越重要作用。以新疆头道沟流域地下水监测为实例,介绍了单孔多层技术的设计、施工、监测方案等内容,为以后类似的施工提供了必要的技术参考。     

对转子式流速仪定期检测/校准重要性的认识与分析

本文系统介绍了华东水文仪器检测中心(原山东省水文仪器研制中心)对送检流速仪进行的随机抽样调查情况,分析论证了流速仪定期检测/校准的重要性。通过分析仪器常数检测/校准前后的变化情况,证明仪器经过一个使用周期或较长时间闲置后,仪器常数发生的变化和由此而造成的误差,从而证明了流速仪定期检测/校准对准确进行水量计量的重要性。     

基于XR技术的交互式地质场景模型构建方法研究

扩展现实技术(XR)是虚拟现实(VR)、混合现实(MR)和增强现实(AR)技术的总称。随着计算机硬件和软件的发展,这些技术逐渐走入大众视野,被应用到各大领域。在地学中,XR技术能够让抽象概念更直观动态地展示出来,对地质数据可视化、地理信息交互、地学教育有非常好的促进作用。本文介绍了这些技术的基本概念、技术手段及在地学中的应用,为地学中使用XR技术提供技术认知,提出了可在XR技术中使用的交互方案,并选用了江苏丹阳第四系地质模型在XR里各自制作了测试场景。从地学工作者视角对IdeaVR、Unity 3D和UnrealEngine 4三款引擎进行对比,列举其各自优势,展示3种技术平台的制作过程、交互方式、展示效果及使用场景,并就地质模型导入通用引擎可能遇到的难点问题提出解决方案。     

浅谈多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪的日常维护

多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(以下简称MC-ICP-MS)广泛应用于同位素的准确测定,为地质、环境、考古等科学研究提供了破解"指纹密码"的重要工具,为地质科学研究提供了获取实验数据的重要手段。由于仪器部件老化、日常维护保养不到位和重要技术人员流动等原因,如果仪器长时间"带病"工作,故障率会增高,甚至濒临瘫痪,就很难保证同位素测试数据的可靠性。因此,掌握MC-ICP-MS各个部件的工作原理和特性及维护要领,加强日常的仪器维护,维持仪器正常运转,对于保障测试结果的准确度与精密度势在必行。本文结合长期实践经验,以Neptune仪器为例,重点介绍了MC-ICP-MS主要部件工作原理及维护要领,并对一些常见故障做详细分析,提出解决方案,以供相关技术人员参考与借鉴。     

适用于水文应急监测的GNSS测流系统研究

为提升水文应急监测技术能力,提出一种基于5 G通讯技术和GNSS定位技术的测流系统设计方案,实现多用户对多流速球终端的远程监测、数据实时查看和存储功能。测流系统通过重庆、四川等地的实地环境试验测试,防水性能良好,工作时长大于48 h,通讯指标均大于99.9%,精度比测指标相对误差均小于1%,能够满足水文应急监测的需要。     

GPRS通讯与传感技术在辽河防洪监测系统中的应用研究

营口地区河流众多,如何有效监测河道流量和水库进出水量已成为亟待解决的课题。根据营口辽河防洪自动监测系统的发展现状,采用信息采集层、数据传输层和系统应用层的三层体系结构设计整个系统,建立一套完整的辽河实时防洪监测系统,利用传感器节点将其分布到辽河监测断面,为了实现对辽河水位、流量等全方位跟踪监测,实时跟踪记录辽河水位、流量等数据,这样不仅有利于辽河汛期水情的24 h不间断监测,从而解放大部分劳动力,使得建立防洪指挥体系尤为重要。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of