太湖沉积物-水界面生源要素迁移机制及定量化——1.铵态氮释放速率的空间差异及源-汇通量

采集柱状芯样,室内静态模拟不同温度下太湖沉积物铵态氮释放.结果表明,经面积加权,5℃、15℃和25℃下氮的交换速率分别为-16.0±17.6mg/穴m2·d雪、12.6±6.9mg/穴m2·d雪和34.1±20.8mg/穴m2·d雪,不同湖区其释放速率差异极大.受外源污染影响较大的水域,氮释放量随温度的升高而增加;受死亡残体沉降和分解影响明显的草藻型湖区,氮的年释放通量较大.全太湖沉积物-水界面NH4 -N的年净通量为9960.3±4960.0t,其中成汇的通量值约为-911±637.9t/a,大部分泥区在一年中至少经过了一次的源-汇转换过程.     

太湖东部不同类型湖区底泥疏浚的生态效应

为研究底泥生态疏浚对太湖东部不同类型湖区水生生态系统的影响,2012年8月于东太湖养殖湖区和胥口湾草型湖区采集沉积物和生物样品,分析疏浚对底泥污染控制、水质改善以及各生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,底泥疏浚能有效去除表层沉积物中的营养物质,降低底泥重金属含量及其潜在生态风险,但底泥疏浚对不同类型湖区水质和生物群落结构的影响存在明显差别.在富营养化较严重的东太湖养殖湖区,底泥疏浚达到了一定的改善水质的效果,浮游植物密度、生物量均不同程度降低,且群落中蓝藻所占比例下降;水生植物和底栖动物群落也在较短时间内得到恢复;胥口湾草型湖区的底泥疏浚则破坏了原先良好的水生植物群落,造成湖区整体水质下降,各主要生物类群的恢复相对缓慢.     

2010-2017年太湖总磷浓度变化趋势分析及成因探讨

近年来,太湖流域各省市政府加大治理力度,流域水体水质取得明显好转,氨氮浓度和总氮浓度呈大幅度下降趋势,然而太湖水体总磷浓度呈上升趋势.为探讨太湖总磷浓度升高的原因,采用太湖流域管理局2010年以来的水质水量实测数据、遥感监测数据等,分别从太湖入湖河流污染负荷量、水生植被和蓝藻与总磷浓度的关系3个方面进行相关性分析.结果表明,入湖河流总磷浓度高于太湖水体总磷浓度,且磷不易出湖,逐年总磷净入湖量持续累积与太湖总磷浓度有明显的正相关性,入湖污染负荷量大是太湖总磷浓度居高不下的根本原因;水生植被可吸收湖泊沉积物中的营养盐,并抑制底泥再悬浮从而降低内源性营养盐的释放,东太湖水生植被的大量减少,一方面减少了沉水植物对磷元素的吸收,另一方面增加了风浪对底泥的扰动再悬浮,造成磷元素释放,是造成湖水总磷浓度升高的重要因素;近年来太湖蓝藻密度呈上升趋势,受其影响,总磷浓度也有上升,蓝藻水华加快湖体磷循环,藻类密度增加也是太湖总磷浓度升高的影响因素之一.     

湖泊底泥疏浚对沉积物再悬浮及营养盐负荷影响的模拟

选取太湖梅梁湾污染底泥为研究对象,利用沉积物再悬浮发生装置,通过室内模拟实验研究太湖夏季常规风情下底泥疏浚对沉积物再悬浮及上覆水营养盐动态变化的影响.结果表明,在模拟的风情扰动过程结束时(5 h),扰动过程未疏浚与疏浚处理水柱总悬浮颗粒物(TSS)含量变化差异显著,未疏浚对照水柱TSS含量是初始值的7.7倍,而疏浚水柱TSS在第2 h达到峰值,为初始值的3.8倍;未疏浚水柱TSS含量沉降过程最初1 h迅速降低了84.0%,而疏浚水柱TSS含量在沉降3 h后趋于平衡.伴随着沉积物的再悬浮过程,疏浚与未疏浚对照水柱中TP含量均在第5 h达到最大,分别增加负荷78.6和92.2 mg/m2.就短时效而言,底泥疏浚后沉积物的再悬浮过程显著受到抑制,并能够显著地减小沉积物再悬浮过程中溶解性磷酸盐的释放;但对水柱中总磷、总氮、铵氮、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量变化影响较小.     

太湖水体中胶体磷含量初探

室内静态模拟不同温度下太湖15个湖区柱状沉积物磷酸根释放,分析了相应表层沉积物形态磷,以及梅梁湾间隙水中相关离子Al(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅱ)、Ca(Ⅱ)和PO43-含量的季节变化．研究表明,受陆源影响较大的泥区通常是太湖内源磷的稳定源;而在开敞度较大的湖区,由于表层沉积物胶体的物化吸附,使得温度对底泥磷释放的影响作用减弱,并易产生磷的“内汇”现象;在梅梁湾区成汇区,还加上春夏季藻类的局部超负荷需磷这一控制因素,从而使得太湖大部分泥区在一年中至少发生一次源-汇转换过程．化学热力学分析揭示,Al-P较之Fe-P和Ca-P更易在界面发生溶解可能是太湖表层沉积物Al-P与PO43-P释放速率呈显著相关(r=0．3858>r1-0．01,n=45)的内在原因．虽然沉积物中Fe-P有较高的释磷潜力,但浅水湖所营造的沉积物表层氧化层和广泛覆盖的无机胶体及粘土矿物的强吸附介质,可能是抑制沉积物中Fe-P释放成为优势的主要因素．估算太湖沉积物-水界面磷的净通量为899．4±573．6 t／a,约占太湖磷入湖量的1／4-1／2,其中成汇通量约为-91．2±42．4 t/a．     

鄱阳湖水体氧化亚氮排放特征及影响因素

于2014年4、7和10月以及2015年1月(分别代表春、夏、秋和冬季)对鄱阳湖13个常规监测点表层水体中氧化亚氮(N_2O)浓度进行测定,并选择合适的模型估算其释放量.结果表明,鄱阳湖全年N_2O平均浓度为32.57±17.35 nmol/L,总体处于过饱和状态,平均饱和度为256.83%±129.05%.鄱阳湖N_2O年平均交换通量为0.83±0.69μmol/(m2·h).鄱阳湖水体N_2O季节性释放规律为春季最高,平均交换通量为1.71μmol/(m2·h),其次是夏季和冬季,秋季最低.从空间上来看,春季北部湖区交换通量显著高于南部湖区.相关性分析表明,铵态氮浓度是影响夏季和冬季鄱阳湖水体N_2O产生的主要因素.结合水域面积初步估算出全年释放N_2O约1.29×107mol,其中春季和夏季是鄱阳湖水体N_2O释放的高峰期,总释放量约占全年的80.40%.全年通过N_2O输出氮素约为361.93 t,对鄱阳湖流域内N_2O分布及质量平衡具有一定影响.     

特大洪水对浅水湖泊磷的影响:以2016年太湖为例

2016年太湖发生特大洪水,水位达到历史第二,入湖水量比平均年多60.8亿m³.而从2016年开始太湖磷指标改变了2010年以来平缓下降的趋势出现回升,也就是出现所谓“磷反弹”的问题.为了研究磷反弹和特大洪水之间的关系,本研究从2016年入湖水量、水质、磷通量、水中磷存量以及磷在太湖中的迁移过程出发,对大洪水前后太湖磷的变化进行分析.结果表明：洪水期间入湖河道带来大量的磷是引起磷反弹的主要原因.由于洪水的影响,2016年磷净入湖通量比往年平均水平多出579.2 t,约达到1683.0 t.其中,两次洪水贡献极大,约占全年水平的50%（6-7月和10月的洪水分别带入580.5和268.2 t磷）.磷反弹的另一个原因在于太湖存在较高的磷滞留率,磷在入湖后很难经由出湖河道排出.从入湖后磷的归趋上看,洪水过程中高磷浓度水块尽管存在由太湖西北部向东、南部迁移的过程,但途中水体磷浓度出现显著降低（即滞留现象）,导致高磷浓度水块未能到达出湖排泄区（太浦港、望虞河等）.全年净入湖磷通量中仅有小部分（205.3 t）直接引起水体磷浓度上升,而其余的大部分则滞留于底泥之中,明显高于往年水平.2016年滞留在太湖内的磷很可能破坏了往年底泥-上覆水的磷平衡,对后续水质的变化产生间接的影响.     

2010-2011水文年浙江省环太湖河道水质水量及污染物通量

根据2010-2011水文年浙江省环太湖河道水质水量同步监测资料,分析了进出太湖的水量、水质及污染物通量的时空变化.监测期内,浙江省入湖水量为22.890×108m3,出湖水量为31.576×108m3,环湖河道水质总体上保持稳定,主要污染物指标基本处于Ⅱ～Ⅲ类标准.污染物通量的估算结果表明,环湖河道的高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷和总氮通量均以出湖为主,入湖污染物通量的减少主要源于入太湖河流倒流流量的增加.     

2001-2002水文年环太湖河道的水量及污染物通量

根据2001-2002水文年115条环太湖河道的同步环境监测资料,对水量及污染物通量进行了估算.全年的入湖水量为80.11×108m3,出湖水量为96.67×108m3.入湖水量主要通过西部河网以及西苕溪、望虞河等河流汇入太湖,其中西部河网的入湖量占总入湖量的60%;出湖水量主要通过太浦河、东苕溪以及东部河网汇出太湖,其中太浦河的出湖量占47%.污染物通量的估算结果是,CODMn、TN及TP的入湖总通量分别为37571t/a、28658t/a及1029t/a,出湖总通量分别为35431t/a、14600t/a及668t/a.CODMn、TN及TP入湖通量通过西部河网进入太湖的比例占63%、49%及47%;CODMn、TN及TP出湖通量通过太浦河汇出太湖的比例占51%、45%及34%.通过与上世纪90年代以前相同年型的数据进行对比,除TP外,其它各种污染物的入湖量均明显增加,且污染物在湖泊中的滞留率也显著提高.由此说明,环太湖河道入湖污染负荷的增加是太湖水环境恶化的根本原因.     

水动力条件下太湖透明度模拟研究

根据太湖实测资料分析得到了太湖悬浮物浓度和透明度之间呈现明显的反比关系, 归纳总结了以往研究成果中建立的太湖透明度与悬浮物浓度之间的关系, 说明可以通过模拟太湖悬浮物来反映太湖透明度的变化规律. 实测资料表明, 不同水深处的悬浮物浓度与风速的变化趋势大致相近, 风速越大, 悬浮物浓度越大. 太湖波浪、湖流与悬浮物浓度均呈现正相关关系, 悬浮物浓度随着波浪和湖流的增大而增大, 但波浪是影响底泥再悬浮的主要因素, 流速次之. 建立了太湖湖流、波浪和悬浮物耦合的数学模型, 在悬浮物模型中考虑了波浪和湖流的综合影响. 并将床面层附近底泥的起悬量和沉降量分开处理, 考虑了近底水流中湍流脉动的随机特性, 引入了底泥起悬条件. 模型清楚地反映出了悬浮物中的底泥颗粒与床面层内运动底泥及床面活动底泥发生相互交换过程中的两个方面. 模拟结果表明太湖悬浮物沿岸区域受湖流的影响较大, 湖心区域受波浪影响较大. 利用该模型, 模拟了太湖悬浮物和透明度的变化规律, 模拟结果被实测值较好验证, 说明所建立的模型是基本合理的, 可用来进行太湖透明度的模拟和预测.     

Wind-induced hydrodynamic changes impact on sediment resuspension for large,shallow Lake Taihu,China

The internal sediment release is a key factor controlling eutrophication processes in large,shallow lakes.Sediment resuspension is associated with the wave and current induced shear stress in large,shallow lakes.The current study investigated the wind field impacts on sediment resuspension from the bottom at Meiliang Bay of large,shallow Lake Taihu.The impacts of the wind field on the wave,current,and wave-current combined shear stresses were calculated.The critical wind speed range was 4–6 m/s after which wave and current shear stress started to increase abruptly,and onshore wind directions were found to be mainly responsible for greater shear stress at the bottom of Lake Taihu.A second order polynomial fitting correlation was found between wave(R^2 0.4756)and current(R^2 0.4466)shear stresses with wind speed.Wave shear stress accounted for 92.5% of the total shear stress at Meiliang Bay.The critical wave shear stress and critical total shear stress were 0.13 N/m^2 for sediment resuspension whereas the current shear stress was 0.019 N/m^2 after which suspended sediment concentrations(SSC)increased abruptly.A second order polynomial fitting correlation was found between wave(R^2 0.739),current(R^2 0.6264),and total shear stress(R^2 0.7394)with SSC concentrations at Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu.The sediment resuspension rate was 120 to 738 g/m^2/d during 4–6 m/s onshore winds while offshore winds contributed ≥ 200 g/m^2/d.The study results reveal the driving mechanism for understanding the role of the wind field in sediment resuspension while considering wind speed and direction as control parameters to define wave and current shear stresses.     

Estimation of internal nutrient release in large shallow Lake Taihu,China

Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition), both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments. As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH₄ ⁺-N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO₄ ^3?-P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as “calm” (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), “gentle” (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and “gust” (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of “calm” was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of “gentle” and “gust” was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for “calm”, “gentle” and “gust”, respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phosphorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2–6 folds of annual external loading, respectively.     

太湖的泥沙与演变

历史时期,太湖是不断扩展的,其平均扩展速率为0.37km~2/a。据沙量平衡分析与计算表明。因湖岸崩塌和太湖水系的输沙作用,近期太湖的泥沙淤积量为9.28×10~5t/a.泥沙数量虽然不大,但经过长期的积累,对太湖演变具有深刻影响。就自然演变趋势而言,近期太湖面积仍以0.168km~2/a的速率扩大,容积则以3.95×10~5m~3/a的速率减小,太湖正进一步向浅平方向演变。然而,因围湖造田,建国以来,太湖的面积则以4.58km~2/a的速率在减小。     

2007年以来太湖总磷污染负荷质量平衡计算与分析

磷是太湖富营养化的关键性指标,为了解太湖总磷内、外源变化趋势及特征,从总磷污染负荷动态平衡角度分析太湖总磷主要来源与总磷浓度高位波动的原因,本研究基于2007年以来长时序水量水质监测资料和调查数据,开展了太湖进出各途径的总磷负荷质量平衡估算及分析。结果表明,2007—2020年入湖河道输入总磷负荷为1835～2799 t,占太湖总磷负荷的55%～73%,是外源输入最主要的途径;大气干湿沉降输入353～1380 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的12%～38%,是太湖总磷外源输入的第二大途径;太湖水体中总磷负荷量约占8%～15%。出湖河道输出总磷负荷量为516～906 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的13%～30%;水生动植物捕捞总磷负荷量为115～312 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的4%～12%,水厂输出占2%～3%左右;约41%～74%的总磷负荷量滞留于太湖湖体中,成为影响太湖总磷浓度的重要内源。同时,太湖地区气温升高、太湖水体流动速度加快一定程度上又加速了内源污染释放,使其成为总磷改善的限制性因素。     

Estimation of internal nutrient release in large shallow Lake Taihu,China

Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition), both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments. As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH₄ ⁺-N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO₄ ³⁻-P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as “calm” (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), “gentle” (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and “gust” (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of “calm” was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of “gentle” and “gust” was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for “calm”, “gentle” and “gust”, respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phosphorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2–6 folds of annual external loading, respectively.

     

Wind-induced sediment resuspension as a potential factor sustaining eutrophication in large and shallow Lake Peipsi

Using sediment traps, we aimed to elucidate the temporal and spatial variations in sediment fluxes in large and shallow Lake Peipsi, over the May to October 2011 period, and analyze the factors behind those variations. The effects of weather factors (mean and maximum wind velocity, water level and water temperature) on sediment resuspension and the concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and chlorophyll a (Chl a) were investigated. Moreover, the internal loading of TP due to sediment resuspension was determined. The sediment resuspension rates were significantly higher in the shallower waters than in the deeper parts of the lake. Resuspension was a major factor in sedimentation dynamics of the lake, which is presently subject to eutrophication. The rates of sediment resuspension followed the same pattern as gross sedimentation during the study period, and their respective values differed significantly between sampling dates. The highest resuspension rates were observed in September (mean 55.4 g dw m^?2 day^?1), when the impacts of wind events were particularly pronounced. Weather factors that were recorded approximately 2 weeks before water and sediment sampling affected the gross sedimentation and sediment resuspension. The water quality variables of SS, TP, SRP, Chl a were similarly affected. During the study, TP concentrations of the water were mainly determined by the resuspension of sediments containing a large pool of organic material. Although internal loading of TP due to resuspension was several times greater than external loading, external loading determines the amount of phosphorus that enters the lake and can be resuspended.     

Estimation of internal nutrient release in large shallow Lake Taihu, China

Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition), both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments. As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4 -N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO43--P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as "calm" (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), "gentle" (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and "gust" (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of "calm" was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of "gentle" and "gust" was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for "calm", "gentle" and "gust", respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phos- phorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2-6 folds of annual external loading, respectively.     

基于高频次GOCI数据的太湖悬浮物浓度短期动态和驱动力分析

总悬浮物是水体中重要的光学敏感物质之一,很大程度上决定了水柱中光的吸收、散射和衰减,同时吸附营养盐、重金属和有毒有害物,对水体物质生物地球化学过程、沉积物埋藏动力和湖泊环境演化具有重要的意义.基于星地同步实验和静止水色成像仪GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)构建了太湖悬浮物浓度估算模型,并分析了典型风浪过程中太湖悬浮物浓度短期动态变化过程.研究表明:对太湖水体悬浮物浓度较为敏感的波段为GOCI的第7波段(745nm)和第8波段(865 nm),悬浮物浓度与对应波段遥感反射率线性相关决定系数分别为0.72和0.55;基于GOCI第7波段的悬浮物浓度单波段遥感估算模型能较为准确地估算太湖的悬浮物浓度,模型相对均方根误差和平均绝对百分误差分别为28.3%和24.4%.通过研究典型风浪过程前后太湖悬浮物浓度变化发现其短期动态变化显著,风速、风向是悬浮物浓度短期动态变化的重要驱动因素,悬浮物浓度与风速呈正比,并随着风向扩散;高频连续GOCI影像结果显示悬浮物浓度短期动态变化对风浪扰动的响应有一定的滞后性,滞后时间为数小时到1天,悬浮物沉降与沉积物再悬浮的临界风速约为3.4 m/s.