南极横贯南极山脉休斯陡崖花岗质岩体的成因

为了探讨横贯南极山脉休斯陡崖花岗质岩体的岩石成因,对其开展了岩相学和岩石化学分析。结果表明,休斯陡崖岩体主体岩石为二长花岗岩,后期被细粒二长花岗岩岩脉侵入。二者都具有高硅、富碱和高钾特征,里特曼指数小于3,岩石铝饱和指数(A/CNK)值小于1;微量元素原始地幔标准化分布型式具有Rb、Th、U和K元素富集,Nb、Ta、Nd和Ti等元素亏损特征;稀土元素总量偏低,轻稀土富集。主期二长花岗岩的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式具有轻微的负Eu异常,而岩脉具有正的Eu异常。休斯陡崖岩体的岩石类型为钙碱性准铝质I型花岗岩,源区为下陆壳,并伴有幔源物质的混入。在源区,岩浆发生了不同程度的斜长石、钛铁矿、金红石和磷灰石的分离结晶作用,其形成的构造环境为与俯冲作用有关的火山岛弧环境。      

Magma Mingling/mixing vs. Magmatic Fractionation: Geneses of the Shirakawa Mo-mineralized Granitoids, Central Japan

Abstract. Leucocratic biotite granites are main components in the Hatogaya pluton and the Hirase stock in the Shirakawa region of central Japan. Molybdenite‐quartz vein mineralizations are widespread in and around the Hatogaya pluton and the Hirase stock, in which the largest is vein swarm of the Hirase mine. Mafic enclaves occur abundantly with granitic to granodi‐oritic matrix in the northern part of the Hatogaya pluton, while they are rare in the Hirase granitic stock. The enclaves with generally round shape have mostly diabasic to fine plutonic textures under the microscope, and show interfingering and lobate contacts with the felsic matrix. The enclaves are quartz monzodiorite in composition containing SiO>₂ mostly around 60 %. They have felsic blebs, thus are considered a mingled magma of basaltic compositions originated in depth and a felsic magma generated from the Hida metamorphic‐plutonic complexes or their basement. The mingled magma further mixed with and reacted with the felsic magma with SiO₂ 70 %, and then formed granodiorite‐granite of the high Na group (Na₂O higher than 4.25 %). Thus, compositional variation of the northern part of the Hatogaya pluton was caused by the magma mingling. The mingling happened to be deeper level produced homogeneous granodiorite of the Mihoro pluton. Biotite granite of the low Na group (less than 4.25 %) could have originated in a granitic magma generated also from the Hida metamorphic‐plutonic complexes or their basement. Most of the granites, occurring in the southern part of the Hatogaya pluton and Hirase stock, show high Rb/Sr ratio, strong Eu negative anomalies and flat REE patterns, and are thus considered as fractionated products of the SiO₂ 70 % original magma. The strong concentration of molybdenum in the Hirase stock can be explained by high degree of magmatic fractionation which produced MoS₂‐rich residual melts, suitable fractures developed at the latest Cretaceous time, and preservation of the mineralized fractures at the present level of erosion.     

铜绿山Fe-Cu(Au)矽卡岩矿床花岗伟晶岩及其文象结构的成因:来自钾长石40Ar/39Ar年龄、微量元素和石英中流体包裹体的证据

铜绿山Fe-Cu(Au)矿床是长江中下游铁铜成矿带最重要的矽卡岩型矿床之一,矿床的形成与铜绿山石英闪长岩岩株有关.矿区东南部发育有花岗伟晶岩,其形成时间介于石英闪长岩和矽卡岩之间.花岗伟晶岩主要由钾长石、斜长石和石英组成;由石英和钾长石组成的文象结构非常发育.激光阶段加热40Ar/39Ar定年表明,花岗伟晶岩的侵位时间为136.5±0.7 Ma(2σ),与石英闪长岩的侵位时代和铜绿山矿床的成矿时代完全一致. 铜绿山石英闪长岩与花岗伟晶岩的钾长石具有非常相似的主量元素,平均组成分别为Or₈₁Ab₁₈和Or₇₈Ab₂₁.根据岩相学观察和地球化学分析认为,花岗伟晶岩中的文象结构是在快速冷却体系条件下、钾长石晶体生长边界层的SiO₂和Al₂O₃浓度因生长不平衡发生周期性变化而导致石英和钾长石交替生长形成的.铜绿山石英闪长岩和花岗伟晶岩中钾长石的大离子亲石元素(LILE)含量均较高,但与前者相比,花岗伟晶岩中钾长石的Rb、Pb含量明显增加,Ba、Sr含量显著降低,Li、Cs含量略微降低.大离子亲石元素图解(Rb-Ba、La-Ba、K/Ba-Ba、Rb/Sr-Ba)指示花岗伟晶岩是铜绿山石英闪长岩岩浆晚期高度结晶分异演化的结果.但花岗伟晶岩钾长石中Pb、Li、Ga等元素的变化却与岩浆结晶分异演化趋势相悖,表明流体作用在花岗伟晶岩的形成过程中扮演了重要角色.花岗伟晶岩中的石英发育大量熔融包裹体和高盐度流体包裹体,后者的均一温度为260~435 ℃,进一步证实花岗伟晶岩是从流体-熔体共存体系中结晶的.      

Petrology, geochemistry and zircon age for redwitzite at Abertamy, NW Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic): tracing the mantle component in Late Variscan intrusions

A small body of mafic texturally and compositionally varied igneous intrusive rocks corresponding to redwitzites occurs at Abertamy in the Western pluton of the Krušné hory/Erzgebirge granite batholith (Czech Republic). It is enclosed by porphyritic biotite granite of the older intrusive suite in the southern contact zone of the Nejdek-Eibenstock granite massif. We examined the petrology and geochemistry of the rocks and compared the data with those on redwitzites described from NE Bavaria and Western Bohemia.The redwitzites from Abertamy are coarse- to medium-grained rocks with massive textures and abundant up to 2 cm large randomly oriented biotite phenocrysts overgrowing the groundmass. They are high in MgO, Cr and Ni but have lower Rb and Li contents than the redwitzites in NE Bavaria. Compositional linear trends from redwitzites to granites at Abertamy indicate crystal fractionation and magma mixing in a magma chamber as possible mechanisms of magma differentiation. Plots of MgO versus SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, FeO, CaO, Na₂O, and K₂O indicate mainly plagioclase and orthopyroxene fractionation as viable mechanisms for in situ differentiation of the redwitzites.The porphyritic biotite monzogranite enclosing the redwitzite is the typical member of the early granitic suite (Older Intrusive Complex, OIC ) with strongly developed transitional I/S-type features. The ages of zircons obtained by the single zircon Pb-evaporation method suggest that the redwitzites and granites at Abertamy originated during the same magmatic period of the Variscan plutonism at about 322 Ma.The granitic melts have been so far mainly interpreted to be formed by heat supply from a thickened crust or decompression melting accompanying exhumation and uplift of overthickened crust in the Krušné hory/Erzgebirge due to a previous collisional event at ca. 340 Ma. The presence of mafic bodies in the Western pluton of the Krušné hory/Erzgebirge batholith confirms a more significant role of mantle-derived mafic magmas in heating of the sources of granitic melts than previously considered.     

Petrology and petrogenesis of the Mount Stuart batholith — Plutonic equivalent of the high-alumina basalt association?

The Mount Stuart batholith is a Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline pluton composed of rocks ranging in composition from two-pyroxene gabbro to granite. Quartz diorite is most abundant. This batholith may represent the plutonic counterpart of the high-alumina basalt association. A petrogenetic model is developed in which this intrusive series evolved from one batch of magnesian high-alumina basalt, represented by the oldest intrusive phase, by successive crystal fractionation of ascending residual magma. However, the possibility that this intrusive suite originated from an andésite (quartz diorite) parent by fractionation cannot be excluded.Computer modeling of this intrusive sequence provides a quantitative evaluation of the sequential change of magma composition. These calculations clearly indicate that the igneous suite is consanguineous, and that subtraction of early-formed crystals from the oldest rock is capable of reproducing the entire magma series with a remainder of 2–3% granitic liquid. This model requires that large amounts of gabbroic cumulate remain hidden at depth- an amount equal to approximately 8–10X the volume of the exposed batholith. Mass balances between the amounts of cumulate and residual liquid calculated compare favorably with the observed amounts of intermediate rocks exposed in the batholith, but not with the mafic rocks.Mafic magmas probably fractionated at depth by crystal settling, whereas younger quartz diorite and more granitic magmas underwent inward crystallization producing gradationally zoned plutons exposed at present erosional levels.     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the marginal zone of the Mount Lowe Intrusion,central San Gabriel Mountains,California

The marginal zone of the Mount Lowe Intrusion (MLI) is composed of a mineralogically and geochemically distinctive suite of quartz poor, alkali-enriched monzodiorites and quartz monzodiorites. Low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, Rb, and Rb/Sr coupled with high Ab/Or, K/Rb, Ba and Sr suggest that feldspathic continental crust did not contribute significantly to the magma. The inferred original magma composition is most consistent with experimental data for about 20% batch modal melting of eclogite or quartz eclogite of altered oceanic tholeiite composition. The high absolute Ba and Sr abundances require in addition an enriched component, perhaps derived from dehydration processes within a subducted slab. At the level of exposure, the range of observed compositions resulted from fractionation of hornblende, plagioclase, sphene, apatite and magnetite. Fractionation resulted in formation of a peraluminous, Mn — enriched residual liquid which crystallized garnet. The grandite — enriched composition of the garnet is inferred to be due to high pressure (ca. 6.7 kb), high crystallization, relative to typical plutonic garnets. The composition of the marginal zone of MLI has many chemical similarities to early Mesozoic plutonism in the Cordilleran continental margin magmatic arc of western North America.     

北山柳园地区双峰山早泥盆世A型花岗岩的确定及其构造演化意义

北山柳园地区分布有大量的早中古生代花岗岩类岩石.柳园双峰山岩体具有高硅、高碱(AR=3.99～5.05,NK/A>0.85)、高FeOT/MgO比值和10 000×Ga/Al值、低Al2O3、贫CaO和MgO的特征,显示出准铝质、碱质花岗岩的特点;∑REE较高,LREE略富集,轻重稀土元素分馏不十分明显,Eu负异常明显;相对富集Rb、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素(LILE),强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Eu、Ti,弱亏损Ta、Nb等元素;同时具有较高的Rb/Nb和Y/Nb比值,显示了A2型铝质花岗岩的特征.采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,获得双峰山岩体的206Pb/238U年龄为415±3 Ma(MSWD=1.5),代表该岩体的形成年龄,即双峰山岩体形成于早泥盆世.地球化学及Nd同位素特征综合分析显示,该岩体可能由幔源岩浆底侵导致上覆地壳物质(可能由洋壳和岛弧建造组成)部分熔融形成的花岗闪长质岩浆经进一步结晶分异作用形成,为该区较早的钙碱性花岗岩演化到后期的产物.岩体特征、年代学、地球化学和地质背景综合分析结果表明,该岩体形成于后造山或造山作用演化晚期阶段.双峰山早泥盆世A型花岗岩为目前北山地区发现的最老的A型花岗岩,这对探讨古生代花岗岩成因类型及岩浆演化具有重要的意义.     

RELATIVE PLASTICITY OF ROCKS AS A CONTROLLING FACTOR IN ORE-DEPOSITION

Akba-i-Dzhurnon intrusion possesses a great many of the common primary fractures, planar and linear flow structures, schlieren-arch fabric features of many of the medium to coarse grained to porphyritic textured Precambrian plutons of the world. The following features are most important with regard to this pluton: 1) a sequential triple emplacement of granite-adamellite magma occurred, 2) the Main phase emplacement lowered magma level in magma chamber and resulted in subsidence of the core of Archannaydansk anticline under the dense sheeted-arch structure of the Tangisaysk thrust and the space created was occupied by magma; 3) subphase granites were injected along same fault systems as main phase pulses but were between the earlier injections and intervals between injections of different phases were short; 4), the pluton is post-tectonic; 5) porphyritic textures were developed in a combined pneumatolytic-magmatic crystallization stage; 6) trachytic structure formed during crystallization of orthoclase, and 7) conditions of alternating roof load and lateral pressure acting roughly perpendicular to the long axis of the pluton prevailed during its emplacement. — R. M. Hutchinson.     

Intrusion of basaltic magma into a crystallizing granitic magma chamber: The Cordillera del Paine pluton in southern Chile

The Cordillera del Paine pluton in the southernmost Andes of Chile represents a deeply dissected magma chamber where mafic magma intruded into crystallizing granitic magma. Throughout much of the 10x15 km pluton, there is a sharp and continuous boundary at a remarkably constant elevation of 1,100 m that separates granitic rocks (Cordillera del Paine or CP granite: 69–77% SiO₂) which make up the upper levels of the pluton from mafic and comingled rocks (Paine Mafic Complex or PMC: 45–60% SiO₂) which dominate the lower exposures of the pluton. Chilled, crenulate, disrupted contacts of mafic rock against granite demonstrate that partly crystallized granite was intruded by mafic magma which solidified prior to complete crystallization of the granitic magma. The boundary at 1,100 m was a large and stable density contrast between the denser, hotter mafic magma and cooler granitic magma. The granitic magma was more solidified near the margins of the chamber when mafic intrusion occurred, and the PMC is less disrupted by granites there. Near the pluton margins, the PMC grades upward irregularly from cumulate gabbros to monzodiorites. Mafic magma differentiated largely by fractional crystallization as indicated by the presence of cumulate rocks and by the low levels of compatible elements in most PMC rocks. The compositional gap between the PMC and CP granite indicates that mixing (blending) of granitic magma into the mafic magma was less important, although it is apparent from mineral assemblages in mafic rocks. Granitic magma may have incorporated small amounts of mafic liquid that had evolved to >60% SiO₂ by crystallization. Mixing was inhibited by the extent of crystallization of the granite, and by the thermal contrast and the stable density contrast between the magmas. PMC gabbros display disequilibrium mineral assemblages including early formed zoned olivine (with orthopyroxene coronas), clinopyroxene, calcic plagioclase and paragasite and later-formed amphibole, sodic plagioclase, mica and quartz. The early formed gabbroic minerals (and their coronas) are very similar to phenocrysts in late basaltic dikes that cut the upper levels of the CP granite. The inferred parental magmas of both dikes and gabbros were very similar to subalkaline basalts of the Patagonian Plateau that erupted at about the same time, 35 km to the east. Mafic and silicic magmas at Cordillera del Paine are consanguineous, as demonstrated by alkalinity and trace-element ratios. However, the contemporaneity of mafic and silicic magmas precludes a parent-daughter relationship. The granitic magma most likely was derived by differentiation of mafic magmas that were similar to those that later intruded it. Or, the granitic magma may have been contaminated by mafic magmas similar to the PMC magmas before its shallow emplacement. Mixing would be favored at deeper levels when the cooling rate was lower and the granitic magma was less solidified.     

Concentric zoning in the Tunk Lake pluton,coastal Maine

The Tunk Lake pluton of coastal Maine, USA is a concentrically zoned granitic body that grades from an outer hypersolvus granite into subsolvus rapakivi granite, and then into subsolvus non-rapakivi granite, with gradational contacts between these zones. The pluton is partially surrounded by a zone of basaltic and gabbroic enclaves, interpreted as quenched magmatic droplets and mushes, respectively, as well as gabbroic xenoliths, all hosted by high-silica granite. The granite is zoned in terms of mineral assemblage, mineral composition, zircon crystallization temperature, and major and trace element concentration, from the present-day rim (interpreted as being closer to the base of the chamber) to the core (interpreted as being closer to the upper portions of the chamber). The ferromagnesian mineral assemblage systematically changes from augite and hornblende with augite cores in the outermost hypersolvus granite to hornblende, to hornblende and biotite, and finally, to biotite only in the subsolvus granite core of the pluton. Sparse fine-grained basaltic enclaves that are most common in the outermost zone of the pluton suggest that basaltic magma was present in the lower portions of the magma chamber at the same time that the upper portions of the magma chamber were occupied by a granitic crystal mush. However, the slight variations in initial Nd isotopic ratio in granites from different zones of the pluton suggest that contamination of the granitic melt by basaltic melt played little role in generating the compositional gradation of the pluton. The zone of basaltic and gabbroic chilled magmatic enclaves, and gabbroic xenoliths, hosted by high-silica granite, that partially surround the pluton is interpreted as mafic layers at the base of the pluton that were disrupted by invading late-stage high-silica magma. These mafic layers are likely to have consisted of basaltic lava layers and basalt that chilled against granitic magma to produce coarse-grained gabbroic mush. Basaltic and gabbroic magmatic enclaves and gabbroic xenoliths are hornblende-bearing, suggesting that their parent melts were relatively hydrous. The water-rich nature of the underplating mafic magmas may have prevented extensive invasion of the granitic magma by these magmas, owing to the much greater viscosity of the granitic magma than the mafic magmas in the temperature range over which magma interaction could have occurred.     

辽东五龙重融型花岗质岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学、Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素特征及地质意义

在华北克拉通东北缘的辽东半岛广泛发育一套形成于侏罗纪的花岗质岩体,出露于丹东地区的五龙花岗质岩体为五龙大型金矿床的围岩,岩体内分布有古元古界辽河岩群变质岩残留体和古元古代侵入岩残留体,多数发育碎裂岩化和糜棱岩化构造.对五龙岩体进行详细解体,认为其是由黑云母二长花岗岩、二云母二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩和花岗闪长岩组成的一套酸性侵入岩组合.根据锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年结果,获得4种岩性的岩浆结晶年龄分别为162±3 Ma、169.3±3.1 Ma、157.5±1.7 Ma、158.0±2.7 Ma,形成于中-晚侏罗世.岩石地球化学特征显示,五龙岩体属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性、过铝质、中温花岗质岩浆系列,富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）,δEu为0.56~1.97,异常变化范围较大,ε_Hf（t）值为-39.7~-22.9,二阶段模式年龄t_DM2为3 711~2 653 Ma,ε_Nd（t）值为-23.8~-20.2,t_DM2为2 782~2 487 Ma,显示岩浆源区来自太古代~古元古代壳源物质;结合Pb同位素特征以及石英、长石、云母的显微结构特征,认为五龙岩体是古元古代花岗岩和辽河岩群地层受侏罗纪~160 Ma陆壳重熔事件于上地壳原地重新结晶所形成的S型花岗质岩体,形成于中-晚侏罗世时期受古太平洋板块俯冲影响的挤压-造山构造背景.      

南秦岭地体东江口花岗岩及其基性包体的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成

东江口花岗岩体位于商丹与勉略缝合带之间的南秦岭中部,其中存在大量基性暗色微粒包体.锆石的LA-MCICPMS联机U-Pb年代学分析表明,东江口岩体的形成年龄为223Ma,其包体锆石的结晶年龄为222Ma,与寄主岩体大致同时形成,指示秦岭造山带印支晚期岩石圈构造体制属性从挤压.伸展转变发生在220Ma左右.锆石的Lu-Hf同位素原位分析结果表明,南秦岭晚三叠纪花岗岩是壳幔混合作用的产物,亏损的幔源岩浆与南秦岭(或扬子)的基底地壳物质可能为南秦岭地区晚三叠纪花岗岩的源区物质,它们的形成起因于秦岭造山带在主造山期后发生的岩石圈拆沉作用.大约220Ma开始,南秦岭岩石圈构造应力性质从挤压向伸展构造体制转变,岩石圈发生拆沉作用,地幔软流圈物质上涌并底侵于下地壳,诱发下地壳物质的部分熔融,当岩浆沿构造薄弱带上升过程中,幔源岩浆与寄主岩浆发生成份的交换,两种岩浆混合过程中不完全混溶,最终形成寄主岩体和暗色基性微粒包体.     

Trace element and isotopic variations in a zoned pluton and associated volcanic rocks,Unalaska Island,Alaska: A model for fractionation in the Aleutian calcalkaline suite

Trace elements, including rare earth elements (REE), exhibit systematic variations in plutonic rocks from the Captains Bay pluton which is zoned from a narrow gabbroic rim to a core of quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite. The chemical variations parallel those in the associated Aleutian calcalkaline volcanic suite. Concentrations of Rb, Y, Zr and Ba increase as Sr and Ti decrease with progressive differentiation. Intermediate plutonic rocks are slightly enriched in light REE (La/Yb=3.45–9.22), and show increasing light REE fractionation and negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu^*=1.03–0.584). Two border-zone gabbros have similar REE patterns but are relatively depleted in total REE and have positive Eu anomalies; indicative of their cumulate nature. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in 8 samples (0.70299 to 0.70377) are comparable to those of volcanic rocks throughout the arc and suggest a mantle source for the magmas. Oxygen isotopic ratios indicate that many of the intermediate plutonic rocks have undergone oxygen isotopic exchange with large volumes of meteoric water during the late stages of crystallization; however no trace element or Sr isotopic alteration is evident.Major and trace element variations are consistent with a model of inward fractional crystallization of a parental high-alumina basaltic magma at low pressures (6 kb). Least-squares approximations and trace element fractionation calculations suggest that differentiation in the plutonic suite was initially controlled by the removal of calcic plagioclase, lesser pyroxene, olivine and Fe-Ti oxides but that with increasing differentiation and water fugacity the removal of sub-equal amounts of sodic plagioclase and hornblende with lesser Fe-Ti oxides effectively drove residual liquids toward dacitic compositions. Major and trace element compositions of aplites which intrude the pluton are not adequately explained by fractional crystallization. They may represent partial melts derived from the island arc crust. Similarities in Sr isotopes, chemical compositions and differentiation trends between the plutonic series and some Aleutian volcanic suites indicates that shallow-level fractional crystallization is a viable mechanism for generating the Aleutian calcalkaline rock series.LDGO Contribution no. 2964     

藏南冈底斯带中段始新世岩浆作用的厘定及其大地构造意义

本文对藏南冈底斯带中段的花岗岩类和角闪辉长岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学分析,据此阐明了岩体的形成机制与演化过程,并探讨了成岩时的大地构造背景。分析结果显示,研究区内花岗岩类和角闪辉长岩体的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果为41~55Ma,为始新世早-中期岩浆活动的产物,代表了区内岩体的成岩年龄。在地球化学组成上,花岗岩类属于钙碱性到高钾钙碱性系列,均富集轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)(Rb、Ba和K),强烈亏损Nb、Ta、P等高场强元素(HFSE),具有弧型岩浆岩的地球化学组成。此外,花岗岩类的铝饱和指数(A/CNK)小于1.1,属于准铝质到弱过铝质的I型花岗岩。角闪辉长岩为石榴橄榄岩部分熔融的产物,并在后期侵位的过程中遭受到了壳源物质的混染。综合分析表明,研究区内的岩体形成于初始碰撞向主碰撞的转化阶段。始新世早期(～50Ma)新特提斯洋板片的断离引起软流圈物质上涌,导致岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融形成基性岩浆,随后基性岩浆底侵至下地壳并诱发下地壳发生部分熔融形成花岗岩质岩浆,最后经过岩浆混合作用形成始新世早-中期冈底斯地区的花岗岩类。     

富锂氟含稀有矿化花岗质岩石的对比和成因思考

Li-F花岗质岩石以超酸性、过铝、富含H2O、F、B、P等挥发性组分和富含Li、Rb、Cs、Be、Ta、Nb、Sn、W等亲石稀有金属元素为主要特征，以黄玉－锂云母－钠长石花岗岩为典型代表。从该类岩石地质产状的多样性和可对比性、空间分布的规律性、矿物岩石的结构构造、硅酸盐－熔体包裹体特征以及实验岩石学的研究成果等方面，综合论证该类岩石主要是从经过分异演化而形成的残余熔浆中直接结晶而在的；充分的分离结晶作用，是产生这种残余熔浆的主要机制；岩体的空间分带特征和各带之间的渐变过渡关系，为分离结晶作用的途径和演化方向提供了重要信息；熔体中挥发性组分的大量存在，是分离结晶作用能充分进行的关键因素；亲石稀有金属元素在流／熔配分中倾向于进入熔体相，是残余熔体中逐步富集这些稀有金属元素的主要原因；岩浆－热液过渡阶段出溶的流体相与已晶出的共存固相之间的相互作用，造成了广泛的交代蚀变现象；残余熔浆在不同地质和物理化学环境中的侵位、结晶和演化，造成了Li-F花岗质岩石在产状、结构构造和矿物组合等方面的多样性。     

Initiation of left-lateral deformation along the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone: new microstructural,textural, and geochronological constraints from the Diancang Shan metamorphic massif,SW Yunnan,China

The Diancang Shan metamorphic massif, the northwestern extension of the Ailao Shan Massif, is a typical metamorphic complex situated along the NW–SE-trending Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone. Diancang Shan granitic and amphibolitic mylonites collected from sheared high-grade metamorphic rocks were studied using petrographic and electron-backscatter diffraction techniques. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe U–Pb dating of zircon grains from the granitic mylonites constrains the timing of shearing. Macro- and microstructural and textural analysis reveals intense plastic deformation of feldspar, quartz, and amphibole under amphibolite-facies conditions, all consistently document left-lateral shearing. Porphyritic monzogranitic mylonite within the shear zone possesses evidence supporting a sequential, progressive process from crystallization during magma emplacement, through submagmatic flow to solid-state plastic deformation. We suggest that the early-kinematic pluton subsequently underwent strong left-lateral strike–slip shearing. The development of complex textures of quartz, feldspar, and amphibole from the granitic and amphibolitic mylonites apparently records successive variation of conditions attending coherent, solid-state high-temperature ductile deformation during regional left-lateral shearing. All magmatic zircons from the mylonitized porphyritic monzogranite give U–Pb ages of 30.95 ± 0.61 million years for the crystallization of the granite. This age provides the timing of onset of left-lateral shearing along the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone in the Diancang Shan high-grade metamorphic massif.     

商丹地区产铀伟晶岩成因讨论

本文阐述了商丹地区产铀伟晶岩、片麻状花岗闪长岩、秦岭群变质岩的岩石化学成分、铷锶等微量元素含量和锶同位素初始比、副矿物组合类型等方面的特点，通过岩体内不产铀伟晶岩、岩体外产铀伟晶岩的对比和钐钕同位素示踪方法研究，提出产铀伟晶岩脉群不是片麻状花岗闪长岩体（Ｔ（Ｄｍ）为１０Ｍａ）晚期分异的残浆结晶产物，而是秦岭群变质岩选择性熔融产生的花岗质熔浆在相对封闭条件下缓慢结晶而成。     

广西栗木矿田花岗岩体地球化学特征制约因素及其动力学背景

对栗木矿田3个花岗岩体进行了岩石主量元素、微量元素的地球化学研究和分析,岩石化学成分具高铝高硅碱特征,属于高钾钙碱性岩系列;微量元素总量明显偏低,Eu强烈亏损,以富含Li、Rb贫Sr、Ba为特征,花岗岩浆分异度高或岩浆发生过充分的结晶分异作用;推断花岗质岩浆熔出后源区残留相为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石±角闪石±黑云母等组成的麻粒岩相,具深源的特征,在中高—高压条件下部分熔融形成的,同时,受氧逸度(f O 2)较低、水活度(αH 2 O)较低、水逸度(f H 2 O)较高的制约因素影响.通过对华南地区岩石圈深部动力学背景分析,认为岩石圈减薄合理地解释了本区栗木花岗岩体的形成机制.     

内蒙古维拉斯托稀有金属-锡多金属矿床的成矿作用:来自花岗质岩浆结晶分异的启示

内蒙古维拉斯托稀有金属-锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段西坡,是一个以锡为主,共伴生锌、钨、铜、钼、铌、钽、锂和铷的大型矿床。该矿床以发育铌、钽、铷、锂矿化有别于大兴安岭南段的其他锡多金属矿床。本文对维拉斯托地区的北大山岩体和维拉斯托岩体开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学研究和锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析。北大山岩体和维拉斯托岩体的结晶年龄分别为140±2Ma和137±1Ma~138±1Ma。2个岩体均具有高硅、富碱、贫铁镁钙特征,主体为高钾钙碱性的弱过铝质碱长花岗岩,轻重稀土分馏不明显,呈现出显著的负铕异常。2个岩体均富集Rb、Th、U、K、Ta、Hf和轻稀土元素,强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Eu和Ti等元素。与北大山岩体相比,维拉斯托岩体有更低的稀土总量,更明显的Eu负异常,展示了明显的稀土元素四分组效应;Ba、Sr、Eu、Ti和Y亏损更强烈。二者的时空关系和地球化学特征表明2个岩体为同一期岩浆活动不同演化阶段的产物,岩浆演化过程经历了钾长石、斜长石、黑云母、独居石、榍石、褐帘石、磷灰石、磷钇矿、锆石和钛铁矿的分离结晶,维拉斯托岩体还发生了熔体-流体相互作用。北大山岩体和维拉斯托岩体锆石的εHf(t)值分别为5.4~8.6和4.2~9.9,两阶段Hf同位素模式年龄分别为643~847Ma和556~921Ma,表明它们的岩浆源区为起源于亏损地幔的新元古代新生地壳物质。北大山岩体属于高分异I型花岗岩,维拉斯托岩体发育钠长石、天河石、黄玉、锂云母和萤石,属于超分异的Li-F花岗岩。花岗质岩浆的高程度分离结晶和熔体-流体相互作用是形成维拉斯托超分异花岗岩并发生稀有金属-锡多金属成矿作用的重要控制因素。维拉斯托稀有金属-锡多金属矿床属于岩浆-热液矿床。维拉斯托地区的早白垩世花岗质岩石形成于伸展环境。     

南天山高钾钙碱性花岗岩年代学、岩石成因及其地质意义

南天山北缘乌什塔拉地区东泉戈壁岩体岩石类型为似斑状二长花岗岩及少量的镁铁质包体,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年 结果显示,其形成时代为 305±1 Ma。岩石富碱(K2O + Na2O=7.58%~ 8.44%),富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.09~1.33),高 Mg(# 51.6~58.5), A/CNK 为 0.92~1.00 之间,属于准铝质高 Mg# 高钾钙碱性系列;富集轻稀土(LREE)、大离子亲石元素(Rb,K,Th,U), 亏损重稀土(HREE)、高场强元素(Nb,P,Ti),强烈亏损 Y(10.17×10-6~14.84×10-6)及 Yb(1.054×10-6~1.374×10-6), 弱—无的负 Eu 异常(0.60~0.99),总体表明东泉戈壁岩体为壳 - 幔岩浆混合成因,具有碰撞晚期花岗岩类的地球化学特点。 结合区域地质资料,东泉戈壁岩体的侵位表明在塔里木板块与伊犁—中天山板块碰撞造山作用晚期的挤压环境中,由于幔 源岩浆的底侵作用,使得下地壳底部物质发生部分熔融,并与幔源岩浆发生混合作用,指示南天山晚古生代残余海盆的闭合。 东泉戈壁壳 - 幔岩浆混合型花岗岩的确立表明晚石炭世南天山地区一次重要的地壳垂向生长事件。