多向荷载作用下层状地基刚性桩筏基础分析

提出一种多向荷载作用下层状地基中刚性桩筏基础的计算方法。基于剪切位移法,采用传递矩阵形式分析了竖向荷载下桩顶面-桩顶面相互作用;引入修正桩侧地基模量,采用有限差分法分析了水平荷载下桩顶面-桩顶面相互作用;基于层状弹性半空间理论,分析了多向荷载下桩顶面-土表面、土表面-桩顶面、土表面-土表面的相互作用关系。建立了桩土体系柔度矩阵,得到了多向荷载下层状地基中刚性桩筏基础的受力和变形的关系以及桩的内力和变形沿桩身分布规律。通过与有限元对比,验证了该方法的合理性和修正地基模量的优越性,并对多向荷载作用下的桩筏基础进行了计算分析,计算结果表明,水平力将会引起桩筏基础的倾斜。     

上部结构－桩基—地基共同作用数值分析及桩基变刚度调平优化设计

本文采用有限元法对高层建筑上部结构—桩筏基础—地基共同作用及相互影响进行了研究。研究表明:高层建筑上部结构—桩筏基础—地基共同作用及相互影响时,基础总体沉降和差异沉降随楼层的增加呈非线性变化趋势,上部结构中存在次应力,弯矩和轴力比常规法设计偏大;随楼层的增加,桩体对荷载的分担比在减少,土体分担比在增加;随着上部结构刚度的增加,荷载向角桩、边桩集中;增加筏板厚度,能减少一定的差异沉降和基础平均沉降,从而减少上部结构的次应力,提高地基土的荷载分担比,同时筏板下桩顶反力分布更不均匀,因此需要从筏板受力,以及考虑筏下桩、土的受力来综合确定一个合理的筏板厚度,使设计安全经济;随着地基土变形模量的提高,地基土分担的上部荷载增加,桩顶反力趋向平均,筏板最大弯矩逐渐减小。桩筏基础在均匀布桩条件下呈中间大边缘小的“碟型”分布。差异沉降是由于上部结构次生应力和筏板内力产生的。通过对地基土刚度以及桩长、桩径、桩距等五种桩基刚度的调整,并分析不同刚度对基础差异沉降影响可知:改变桩长的布桩形式并结合地基土刚度调整的中心布桩形式是高层建筑桩筏基础最佳设计方案。     

陆上风轮机梁板基础受力特性简化分析

提出一种多向荷载同时作用下的刚性桩筏基础简化计算方法,基于Mindlin解,分析桩顶面-桩顶面、桩顶面-土表面、土表面-土表面的相互作用关系。推导多向荷载下桩土体系柔度矩阵,得到刚性桩筏基础的受力和变形的关系,通过与有限元对比证明了文中方法的正确性,在此基础上对耦合荷载作用下的风机基础的受力和变形特性进行分析。研究表明,耦合荷载作用下风机基础将会产生竖向不均匀沉降,并会引起桩顶轴力的的巨大的差异。     

竖向荷载下刚性板桩筏基础分析方法

根据群桩中桩侧摩阻力分布规律,在桩筏基础中基于弹性理论中的变形协调关系、桩体物理方程和力的平衡关系,推导了竖向荷载作用下桩筏基础的荷载和位移之间的刚度矩阵,从而提出了一种刚性板下桩筏基础的分析方法。刚性板桩筏基础分析中考虑了4种相互作用,分别为桩-土-桩、桩-土-板、板-土-桩和板-土-板相互作用。基础中各桩可具有不同的桩长、桩半径和刚度等特性。应用该方法不需要划分桩-土体单元,分析中的计算矩阵仅与基础中桩数和筏板下土节点数量相关而与其他变量无关,分析过程简洁通用。通过与各种分析方法的比较验证,证明该方法是合理可行的。     

桩-筏(网)复合地基桩土应力比现场测试研究

桩土应力比是刚性桩复合地基的一个重要设计参数,通过对沪宁城际铁路路基试验段CFG桩-筏(网)和PHC桩-筏复合地基桩土应力进行长期观测,分析了桩土应力变化规律,对桩土应力横向分布、桩间土应力变化、桩土应力比及荷载分担比等进行了对比研究。研究表明:桩土应力比与填筑荷载成非线性关系,与桩土相对刚度密切相关;桩土应力横向呈不规则锯齿形分布,桩顶应力集中现象明显,桩间土承载作用在填筑初期得到了充分发挥,桩土差异沉降迫使桩顶承受更多荷载,褥垫层和土工格栅调整了桩土荷载分担,揭示了路堤荷载作用下桩-筏(网)复合地基承载机制。     

高速铁路沉降控制复合桩基的性状试验研究

基于沉降控制设计理念,无砟轨道京沪高速铁路地基处理采用筏板+垫层+疏桩的方法,形成复合桩基以实现有效减少工后沉降和充分利用地基承载力的优化加固方案。为探索该新方法沉降控制机制,选用CFG桩开展了复合桩基现场试验研究,对复合桩基在高速铁路路基填筑、静置、预压卸载过程中的地基沉降变形、桩和桩间土土压力、筏板顶与底部压力进行了长期观测,分析了路基沉降变形、桩-土应力比和荷载分担比以及筏板的受力随填筑高度和固结时间的变化规律。研究表明：筏板＋垫层＋疏桩联合加固地基方案在初期充分发挥了桩间土承载作用,导致桩与桩间土产生差异沉降;随着垫层的调节作用,筏板可集中发挥桩体的承载能力及显著提高桩顶应力集中程度,地基土沉降主要发生在加固区范围内,从而揭示了复合桩基在路基荷载下的承载机制和变形特性。现场试验结果可为指导高速铁路CFG桩复合桩基设计参数的进一步优化提供试验依据。     

桩-网复合地基承载及变形特性的有限元分析

采用ABAQUS有限元软件,通过有限元数值模拟的方法分析了路堤荷载作用下桩-网复合地基中土工合成材料刚度、垫层厚度、桩体模量以及桩间距对复合地基的荷载传递特性、桩-土应力比、路基的表面沉降及侧向位移的影响。总结、分析计算结果,获得了桩-网复合地基承载及变形的一些基本特性,如：增加土工合成材料刚度,可显著地减小桩-土差异沉降和路基侧向位移,并增加桩-土应力比;增加垫层厚度,可明地改善桩-土荷载分担比和桩-土应力比等力学性状。这些结果对桩-网复合地基的设计与施工具有一定的指导意义。     

层状地基群桩沉降计算的剪切位移解析算法

考虑群桩的“束缚作用”,基于剪切位移法的理论,提出了竖向荷载作用下用于层状地基大规模群桩沉降分析的简捷实用的解析算法。以单桩位移积分方程为基础,导出了桩顶位移与轴力和桩底位移与轴力之间的关系,考虑桩-桩相互作用,得出了计算群桩沉降的柔度矩阵方程。推导过程中,桩被分成任意n段,因此该方法可以用于地基土任意分层的群桩沉降计算。算例分析表明,该方法与边混合法和界元法有较好的一致性。     

桩-土-承台共同作用的简化分析方法

从桩与承台下地基土共同分担荷载的基本条件出发,提出了一种从单桩荷载沉降曲线入手的桩-土-承台共同作用简化分析方法。在给定单桩荷载水平下,假定承台下桩间土的变形量等于此时单桩沉降量,求解相应的板底应力,从而可以得到任意桩荷载水平下的承台荷载分担量,而不必将桩的受荷水平限制在极限荷载。将基础沉降分为桩间土变形量及桩端下卧土层的整体压缩量两部分进行分析。桩间土变形量等于单桩在给定荷载水平下的沉降量,而桩端下卧土层的整体压缩量则由承台与桩两部分荷载引起,可以相对准确地预测基础沉降量。工程实例分析与实测结果的比较表明该方法是可行的。     

桩筏基础相互作用分析

提出了考虑土-桩-筏相互作用的迭代分析方法,可获得筏板的内力和桩身轴力等.考虑了桩筏基础下群桩效应作用的群桩桩顶反力分布、群桩桩端力分布及桩与桩相互作用等问题,使得计算的群桩单桩刚度较合理.同时,具有能考虑土的非线性、成层地基及利用单桩静载试验成果反演分析所得参数运用于群桩分析等特点.采用的8节点等参板单元可适用于分析平面不规则形状及变厚度的薄筏板和厚筏板.用笔者提出的方法对桩筏基础实例进行了分析,研究了桩长对该桩筏基础相互作用的影响,并与实测成果及其他学者研究成果进行了对比,表明了该方法能较合理地分析桩筏基础相互作用.     

A simplified nonlinear analysis method for piled raft foundation in layered soils under vertical loading

This paper presents a simplified nonlinear solution for piled raft foundations in layered soils under vertical loading. Based on the elastic–plastic analysis of a single pile in a layered soil, the shielding effect between a receiver pile and the soil is taken into account to modify the conventional interaction factor between two piles. An approximate approach with the concept of the interaction factor is employed to study the nonlinear behavior of pile groups with a rigid cap. Considering the variation of soil properties, the solution to multilayered elastic materials is used to calculate the settlement of the soil. The interactions between pile–soil–raft are taken into account to determine the stiffness matrix of the piled raft. By solving the stiffness matrix equations, the settlement and the load shared by the piles and raft could be obtained. Compared with results of the available published literatures, the proposed solution provides reasonable results.     

Analysis of piled raft with nodular pile subjected to vertical load using a Winkler model approach

An investigation is made to present analytical solutions provided by a Winkler model approach for analysis of piled rafts with nodular pile subjected to vertical loads in nonhomogeneous soils. The vertical stiffness coefficient along a piled raft with the nodular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is derived from the displacement given by the Mindlin solution for elastic continuum analysis. The vertical stiffness coefficients for the bases of the raft and the nodular part in the nodular pile in a soil are expressed by the Muki solution for the 3‐D elastic analysis. The relationship between settlement and vertical load on the pile base is presented considering the Mindlin solution and the equivalent thickness in the equivalent elastic method. The interaction factor between the shaft of the nodular pile and the soil is expressed taking into account the Mindlin solution and the equivalent elastic modulus. The relationship between settlement and vertical load for a piled raft with the nodular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is obtained by using the recurrence equation of influence factors of the pile for each layer. The percentage of each load carried by both nodular pile and raft subjected to vertical load is represented through the vertical influence factors proposed here. Comparison of the results calculated by the present method for piled rafts with nodular piles in nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from the finite element method and a field test. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vertical harmonic vibration of piled raft foundations in layered soils

This paper develops a method to analyze the piled raft foundation under vertical harmonic load. This method takes into account the interactions among the piles, soil, and raft. The responses of the piles and raft are formulated as a series of equations in a suitable way and that of layered soils is simulated with the use of the analytical layer‐element method. Then, according to the equilibrium and continuity conditions at the piles–soil–raft interface, solutions for the piled raft systems are obtained and further demonstrated to be correct through comparing with the existing results. Finally, some examples are given to investigate the influence of the raft, pile length‐diameter ratio, and layering on the response of the piled raft foundations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超高层建筑桩筏基础的桩顶反力计算研究

根据上海高88层、筏板厚度为4 m的金茂大厦和高101层、筏板厚度为4.5 m的上海环球金融中心桩筏基础的实测沉降资料,论证超高层建筑的桩筏基础为弹性体。对以上两幢超高层建筑和正在建造中的高121层、筏板厚度为6 m的上海中心大厦的桩筏基础,采用偏心受压公式和高层建筑与地基基础共同作用理论方法(混合法)进行详细对比计算,论证按弹性体计算桩顶反力的合理性,阐明《建筑桩基技术规范》(JGJ 94–2008)的3.1.8条的正确性和合理性。期望能够改变过去按偏心受压公式计算桩顶反力的传统观念,提高设计水平。     

An approximate analysis procedure for piled raft foundations

A piled raft foundation comprises both piles and a pile cap that itself transmits load directly to the ground. The aim of such a foundation is to reduce the number of piles compared with a more conventional piled foundation where the bearing effect of the pile cap, or raft, is ignored. This paper describes a ‘hybrid’ approach for the analysis of piled raft foundations, based on a load transfer treatment of individual piles, together with elastic interaction between different piles and with the raft. The numerical analysis is used to evaluate a simple approximate method of estimating the overall response of the foundation from the response of the component parts. The method leads to estimates of the overall foundation stiffness, the proportion of load carried by the pile group and the raft, and an initial assessment of differential settlements. Parametric studies are presented showing the effect of factors such as raft stiffness and pile spacing, length and stiffness, and a worked example is included demonstrating the accuracy of the approximate design approach.     

考虑上部结构的桩筏基础非线性共同作用分析

当前虽然已有考虑桩筏非线性的设计,但仍无人在此基础上,考虑上部结构。因此考虑上部结构,进一步认识其与桩筏基础非线性共同作用机理,优化桩筏基础设计,具有重要的现实意义。本文以子结构法凝聚上部结构的荷载及刚度,以平面壳体单元模拟筏板,按有限层法模拟桩土之间的弹性相互作用,用广义剪切位移法模拟桩的非线性工作性状,建立了一种考虑上部结构共同作用的桩筏基础非线性分析方法,并编制了分析程序。通过实例分析,探讨了上部结构与桩筏基础非线性共同作用的机理,研究了合理布桩方式,探讨了以差异沉降为目标的优化设计的可能途径。     

Integral equation method for analysis of piled rafts with dissimilar piles under vertical loading

In a piled raft, the length and arrangement of piles has a significant effect on the stresses and deflections of the raft. The use of piles with different dimensions and properties below a raft is an innovative concept and can optimize the design of a piled raft. In this study, an integral equation method with a fictitious pile model was adopted to analyze the piled raft foundation with dissimilar piles. The Fredholm integral equations of the second kind were obtained for this problem. The loads shared by piles and subsoil, the load transfer, and the settlement of the piled raft were obtained using numerical calculation. The results from the present method were compared with those in the literature. An optimization technique was introduced to design piled rafts with dissimilar piles. The stiffening effect of piles on the surrounding soil is also discussed as compared the conventional interaction factor approach.