绿泥石片岩各向异性特性研究

为研究十堰地区片岩的各向异性特性,开展了武当群绿泥石片岩长方体试样的单轴压缩和圆盘试样的间接拉伸试验,探讨了试样各向异性的力学特性和在不同受力状态下的变形破裂特性,揭示了不同变形破裂的力学机制。研究表明,武当群绿泥石片岩具有明显的各向异性性质,平行片理方向强度高,垂直片理方向强度低。该片岩特殊的定向排列片束状构造和片理间的弱胶结作用,致使不同方向上的破坏特征具有明显差异,其力学机制也不相同。在压应力作用下,泊松效应容易引起平行片理面的张拉劈裂和压杆失稳,垂直片理方向容易发生片理面间的剪切破坏。在同一方向上强度具有一致性,即平行片理面抗压和抗拉强度均较垂直片理面强度大。由于片理面间的抗拉承载力极低,在小角度劈裂荷载下,容易发生张拉劈裂和拉剪破坏,因此,实际工程中应尽可能避免片理面间的受拉破坏和沿片理的拉剪破坏。研究结果可以为隧道、边坡支护加固和防水处理提供参考。     

岩石点荷载强度与单轴抗压强度线性关系试验

针对目前岩石点荷载试验大部分采用规则试件进行,试件加工制作及试验的过程繁琐、成本高的问题,通过自制点荷载试验仪以及RMT-150B岩石力学伺服试验机,对煤矿顶底板常见岩性进行不规则岩石试件点荷载试验和规则岩石试件单轴抗压试验。试验结果表明:不规则岩石点荷载强度基本上满足正态分布规律,同时,点荷载破坏载荷与破坏面积之间呈线性关系,不同载荷破坏面积对点荷载试验中的尺寸、形状效应基本上没有太大的影响。通过分析点荷载强度与单轴抗压强度两者间的关系,得出通过点荷载强度确定单轴抗压强度的经验公式。      

点荷载强度指数估算与岩浆岩的单轴压缩强度的关系

单轴压缩强度是岩石工程建设中广泛使用的力学参数,直接确定单轴压缩强度相对耗时且较为麻烦。点荷载试验可以间接估算岩石的单轴压缩强度（UCS）,试验方式简洁。通过收集到的岩浆岩点荷载试验成果,分析结果表明,（1）大部分转换公式在点荷载强度指数较大时得到偏高的单轴压缩强度值,特别是对部分幂函数;（2）ISRM（American Society for Testing and Materials）建议的取值范围仍然高估了岩石的单轴压缩强度值。为更准确地估算岩石的单轴压缩强度,建议采用点荷载强度指数 的二次函数（见式（1））估算岩石的单轴压缩强度,适用范围为0.0 MPa < <15.0 MPa。     

水与微观结构对片岩波速各向异性特征的影响及其机制研究

选取3类不同宏观特征的武当群片岩岩样,分别制取不同片理角的标准圆柱试样。采用波速测试获取烘干、浸水处理后的试样的纵波速度,分析不同含水状态下武当群片岩波速各向异性特征,并结合偏光显微镜、扫描电镜下3类岩样的矿物组成与微观结构特征,探讨内外影响因素下的波速各向异性机制。结果显示:武当群片岩主要矿物为硬质粒状石英、长石与软质片状白云母,硬质矿物含量越高、孔隙率越小,则片岩纵波速度越大,反之越小;干燥样的纵波速度表现出显著各向异性,传播方向由垂直片理面向平行片理面变换时,波速逐渐增大,不同方向的波速值可用波速圆公式进行预测;波速各向异性本质上是微裂隙的定向展布、间隔分布的结果,可间接用白云母定向系数δ_2评价各向异性程度k,k~(1/2)与δ_2呈线性正相关,武当群片岩的k值上限为2.90;浸水后试样的纵波速度普遍增大,这是水充填空隙后对片岩等效体积模量的增加起主控作用的结果,片岩吸水后的波速增长效应受其孔隙率与微裂隙分布特征影响,引起不同类片岩间的纵波速度差异,导致同类片岩的波速各向异性程度与浸水时长呈负相关。     

基于H-B准则的公路桥梁桩基嵌岩深度计算

基于Hoek-Brown强度准则,推导了在微小转动下嵌岩段桩侧法向应力及水平摩阻力计算模型,采用静力平衡原理建立了水平荷载作用下公路桥梁桩基嵌岩深度的计算公式,提出了嵌岩深度计算的新方法。参数敏感性及影响因素分析表明： （1）水平荷载引起的力矩 、桩径d、岩层上覆压力 、岩石单轴抗压强度 、岩体类别参数 、岩体地质力学分类指标RMR均对嵌岩深度有一定影响,在 、d不变的情况下,岩体质量和岩石单轴抗压强度对嵌岩深度的确定最为敏感; （2）岩体质量越差,所需嵌岩深度越大;岩体质量越好,岩层上覆压力对嵌岩深度影响越小,反之越大。（3）嵌岩深度随岩石单轴抗压强度的提高呈非线性缓慢地减小,在相同的单轴抗压强度下,岩体质量越好,嵌岩深度越小,反之越大。     

不同试验方式岩石点荷载强度与单轴抗压强度对比分析

对重庆地区常见的砂岩、泥岩和灰岩进行了轴向、径向和不规则体三种试样的点荷载试验及单轴抗压强度试验,将试验所得点荷载强度值和单轴抗压强度值进行对比分析。结果表明:利用点荷载试验可以比较好地获得该地区的砂岩、泥岩和灰岩的单轴抗压强度值。相比于不规则试件,用规则试件进行点荷载试验得到的结果更加准确、可靠,且通过轴向和径向试验获得的强度值基本一致。     

点荷载试验确定岩基抗压强度标准值的分析

讨论运用岩石点载荷深度来确定岩石单轴抗压强度标准值,根据岩石单轴抗压强度标准值和点荷载试验结果,分析得出了用岩石点荷载确定岩基抗压强度标准值的公式.     

点荷载试验评价孔底岩基强度和承载力的方法

岩石点荷载强度试验可以求得岩石点荷载强度指数，由强度指数与抗压强度之间的关系可以换算出岩石的单轴抗压强度，进而可计算出岩基承载力，通过工程实例，介绍了点荷载试验评价人工挖孔桩底岩基强度和承载力的方法，并与岩基载荷试验结果进行了对比。     

内蒙古白乃庙地区绿片岩和花岗闪长斑岩的钕和锶同位素研究

白乃庙群主要分布在内蒙古白乃庙－谷那乌苏一带。这套岩层与毗邻的侵入体不仅是白乃庙－温都尔庙构造岩浆带的重要组成部分，而且赋存有一系列铜（金）和金矿床（点）。长期以来，由于缺乏可信的年龄数据，一般认为：白乃庙群绿片岩和侵入岩体均属奥陶－志留纪￣［１］。据最新资料，白乃庙群绿片岩锆石铀－铅年龄为１１３０±１６Ｍａ￣［２］属中元古代。查明绿片岩和侵入岩体的物质来源和形成机制，对于了解华北板块北缘内蒙古中南段的构造。岩浆演化，确定岩浆活动与金属成矿作用关系具有重要意义。笔者对白乃庙群绿片岩和花岗闪长斑岩进行了Ｎｄ和Ｓｒ同位素研究。并且对它们的形成时代和成因提出了一些新的看法。     

厦门花岗石风化壳工程地质带及风化岩石的工程地质特征

本文对厦门花岗岩风化壳进行了系统地分带，共分为新鲜岩石带、微风化带、强风化带、不均匀风化岩土带及残积土带。阐述了各带工程地质特征，并进行了定量分带的探讨。本文用点荷载强度、弹性波速度及回弹锤试验结果进行了单指标和多指标的综合评判。根据大量现场和室内测试的研究资料，作者详细论述了各风化带的组构、物理力学性质及其变化规律。并建立了风化岩石点荷载强度指数Is（50）与弹性波纵波速度Vp、弹性波纵速度Vp与极限抗压强度R及点荷载强度指数Is（50）与极限抗压强度R之间的关系式。     

灰岩隧道掘进机隧道点荷载试验评价岩石强度方法的研究与探讨

使用隧道掘进机（TBM）开挖隧道时刀盘和盾体阻碍了对岩石状态的观察,这时可使用岩渣对岩石条件进行预测和评价。从滚刀破碎掌子面产生的岩渣中选取块状岩石进行点荷载试验可以获得岩石强度,但是受过滚刀损伤作用的岩石强度值与未受损伤的岩石强度值之间的关系尚不明确。从吉林引松供水工程TBM破岩产生的岩渣中挑选块状试样进行点荷载试验,同时在产生岩渣的相应位置钻取岩芯获取点荷载强度,与单轴抗压强度进行了对比,记录了取样地点地质状态、试样的尺寸、破碎状态以及等效断裂面积。结果表明：岩渣中的岩块受到滚刀作用产生的损伤强度值有所下降,为完整取芯试样的63.25%,原岩越完整受损程度越大;灰岩点荷载强度换算岩石单轴抗压强度系数约为25.3,直接使用岩渣时建议系数约为42.1;峰值荷载与等效断裂面积成正比;尺寸过大的试块往往与岩体原有裂隙有关,强度极低,不适宜用作点荷载试验。研究结果为TBM隧道现场快速获取岩石强度参数提供了方法和依据。     

Study of mechanical properties of Vindhayan shaly rocks at elevated temperature

Shale is an important rock due to its suitability for different engineering and scientific applications. Elevated temperature may cause major deformation or damage in shale rock and it may be of irreversible in nature. Such damage have adverse effect on the physicomechnical properties of shale rock. The uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of two shales (upper Vindhyan basin, India) have been estimated at elevated temperature using point load strength index method. The rock samples have been analyzed at various temperatures starting from room temperature to 900 °C. The effect of elevated temperature on the physicomechanical properties and their influence on the uniaxial compressive strength has been studied in detail. Damage induced, in both shale have been estimated using compressional wave velocity. The analysis of the experimental result shows that the uniaxial compressive strength decreases from 63.45 to 18.45 MPa and 60.94 to 22.22 MPa, for Jhiri and Ganurgarh shale respectively. Tensile strength of shales have been also estimated. The value of tensile strength decreases from 3.65 to 1.05 MPa and 3.46 to 1.26 MPa respectively for Jhiri and Ganurgarh shale. Multivariate regression analysis has been carried out to obtain the correlation between physicomechanical properties and uniaxial compressive strength of Jhiri and Ganurgarh shale.     

Investigation into Relationships Between Cerchar Hardness Index and Some Mechanical Properties of Coal Measure Rocks

This paper examines the relationships between Cerchar hardness index (CHI) and some mechanical properties of coal measure rocks in Zonguldak Hard Coal Basin. Some index properties (Cerchar hardness index, Shore scleroscope hardness, in situ Schmidt rebound hardness and point load strength) and strength (uniaxial compressive strength and Brazilian tensile strength) properties of 29 sedimentary rock samples are determined. Then, relationships between (CHI) and strength as well as and some other index values are evaluated using statistical methods. Linear relationships are found between CHI and uniaxial compressive strength, Schmidt rebound hardness. Power relationships are determined between CHI and Shore scleroscope hardness, diametral point load strength, point load strength anisotropy index. Besides, CHI tests are performed by means of bits having tip angles of 99° and 125° and excellent linear relationships are identified between them.     

点荷载试验在岩基强度和承载力评价中的应用

岩石点荷载试验可以求得岩石点荷载强度指数,由点荷载强度可以 计算出岩石的单轴抗压强度,进而可计算出岩基承载力。 利用点荷载试验方法对南京地区的多个人工挖孔桩工地的孔底岩基强 度和承载力进行了评价,具体指导了挖孔桩的挖进工作,取得了良好效果。     

Prediction of specific energy of carbonate rock in industrial stones cutting process

Specific energy (SE) measurements of circular saws were conducted on 12 different carbonate rocks. Rock samples were collected from the factories for laboratory tests. Bulk density, apparent porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, flexural strength, Schmidt rebound hardness, Shore hardness, point load strength index, Los Angeles abrasion values, and P-wave velocity values were determined in the laboratory. SE and rock properties were evaluated using simple regression analysis and empirical equations were developed. The equations were verified by statistical tests. Regression analysis showed that high correlations exist between SE and uniaxial compressive strength, Shore and Schmidt hardness, bulk density, apparent porosity, and flexural strength. It was found that the SE value of rocks in cutting process was highest for those rocks having the high density, compressive strength, flexural strength, Schmidt and Shore hardness, point load strength index, and P-wave velocity values.     

Experimental Study on Failure Characteristics of Schist Under Unloading Condition

The mechanical properties of rock under unloading condition have significant differences with those under conventional loading condition. To investigate the failure characteristics of schist under complex stress state, uniaxial and trixial compression and unloading confining pressure tests have been carried out on samples in the paper. The results show that the rock samples failed in coupling mode of shear and tension under uniaxial compression, and failed in shear mode under conventional trixial compression. However, the failure modes of the samples can be classified as shear, multiple fracturing, and multiple extension, and the strength of schist is closely related with the failure mode under unloading confining condition. For the unloading condition, the peak strengths of schist samples with shear failure mode are close to those under conventional trixial compression, but the peak strengths with multiple fracturing or multiple extension mode are much higher than those under trixial compression. The internal structure characteristics and stress paths were found to have major influences on the failure modes of schist. Therefore, the failure modes must be considered when the strength characteristics of schist are investigated.     

TBM隧道围岩力学参数对凿碎比功及刀具磨损值影响分析

为深入探讨岩体物理力学参数对凿碎比功及刀具磨损值的影响,本文以南疆铁路吐库二线,中天山隧道为研究对象,基于隧道掘进机法（TBM）,对隧道围岩进行原位及室内实验,获得纵波波速、单轴抗压强度、单轴抗拉强度、静弹性模量、黏聚力等基本力学参数。使用SPSS22软件分别对以上参数与凿碎比功及刀具磨损值进行相关性分析,结果表明其单因素相关性均较弱。而在以凿碎比功及磨损值分别作为因变量,以各物理力学参数为自变量进行多因素回归分析并对数据进行逐步法多项式拟合的条件下,得出两因变量与单轴抗压强度和岩体完整性系数均高度相关。在对拟合模型验证过程中发现,在单轴抗压强度大于100 MPa且岩体完整性系数大于0.5的条件下,使用该模型具有更高精确度。