塔北英买32复合潜山油藏发育模式与勘探意义

勘探开发实践表明塔北英买32潜山区发育一类特殊的潜山油藏类型——碳酸盐岩-砂岩复合潜山油藏。文章通过对部分复合潜山油藏的描述和英买32地区构造、沉积演化的分析,指出沿潜山面发生的多期削蚀、超覆作用是形成复合潜山的根本原因,加里东中晚期、海西-印支期两次大型不整合的发育是形成复合潜山的基础。根据地层削蚀、超覆作用的不同,将复合潜山分为削蚀型和超覆型2类。根据砂岩与碳酸盐岩接触关系的不同,2类复合潜山又分别可划分为3种模式:削蚀型潜山可分为覆盖式、尖灭式、断堑式;超覆型潜山可分为覆盖式、尖灭式、沟谷式。塔北地区复合潜山普遍发育,加强储层顶面刻画,落实复合潜山圈闭,是实现滚动扩边的关键所在。      

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷岩性一地层油藏成藏特征及勘探方向

乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷是海拉尔盆地油气勘探的主战场,其岩性—地层油藏勘探程度较低,剩余油气资源勘探潜力较大.对乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷成藏特征的研究表明,岩性—地层油藏是主要的油藏类型,可分为岩性油藏、地层油藏和复合油藏3种类型油藏.油气主要沿不整合面及不同级次湖泛面上下分布,平面上围绕生油洼槽分布,不同的构造带上,发育的岩性—地层...     

塔里木盆地中部地区志留系油藏两期成藏特征

塔里木中部地区志留系几个油藏原油性质存在明显差异.据油藏储层包裹体、成岩作用、沥青砂岩分布特征和志留系沉积构造背景等认为志留系油藏存在两期成藏过程,早期成藏时间为志留纪末,随即志留系抬升地表,油藏遭受大气淡水淋滤和细菌作用破坏,留下大量沥青和一定量的稠油显示.志留系油藏第二期成藏时期在白垩-早第三纪,后期充注是志留系下砂岩段油藏成为具有工业价值油藏的重要条件.     

塔里木盆地北部志留系顶面不整合中陆相原油的成藏历史与油气富集机制

塔里木盆地志留系发育厚层沥青砂,显示优越的含油气性.继塔中地区志留系原油勘探取得突破之后,塔北地区志留系砂岩风化壳型储层也发现了工业油藏.根据原油的甾、萜烷和噻吩类生物标记化合物的分布特征,结合原油的物理化学性质以及族组分稳定碳同位素特征分析,明确了塔北西部英买35井区志留系风化壳原油来源于库车凹陷三叠系黄山街组湖相烃源岩,与塔北东部同发育在志留系风化壳剥蚀尖灭线附近的哈得18C井海相原油形成鲜明对比.通过志留系砂岩流体包裹体均一温度测试,结合地层埋藏史研究成果,推断英买35井区志留系砂岩主要成藏时间为距今5 ～ 8Ma的晚喜山期.结合库车凹陷两套陆相烃源岩的生烃演化重构了该区域湖相原油的成藏过程,表明康村组沉积后白垩系卡普沙良群与志留系风化壳是湖相油气向台盆区输导的重要通道,预示着湖相原油运移充注的范围十分广泛.成藏机理分析表明,志留系风化壳的构造幅度和面积控制了油气的充注范围,直接盖层的封盖条件控制了风化壳储层的含油气性.塔北地区东、西部志留系风化壳的暴露时间和地层组合关系的差异,是东部形成海相含油气系统,而西部发育海、陆相油藏垂向上叠置,互不交叉的复式含油气系统的重要原因.     

珠江口盆地番禺低隆珠江组—韩江组高精度层序地层

以岩心、测井和三维地震等资料分析为基础,结合古生物分析,将珠江口盆地番禺低隆起新近系珠江组到韩江组划分为7个三级层序,归为明显削蚀不整合明显上超不整合、底超不整合弱削蚀或上超不整合和整合界面等.每个三级层序内以主要水进面为界划分出3～4个四级层序.结合地震属性分析,揭示了四级层序框架内沉积体系的分布和发育.受古地貌和相对海平面变化的控制,高位域三角洲砂体主要分布于隆起及以西地区,低位域三角洲前缘砂体主要分布于隆起-缓坡坡折带.概括出高精度层序地层格架内4种潜在的非构造圈闭发育模式并进行了分布预测,认为东部的低位域三角洲前缘砂体和东南部的断裂坡折带下的低位域三角洲前缘砂体,具有良好的成藏条件,易形成构造-岩性或岩性地层油气藏.     

济阳坳陷不同序级不整合构造特征与地层油藏

针对地层油藏成藏复杂,预测难度大等问题,从地层油藏构造特征分析出发,探讨了不整合构造与陆相断陷盆地地层油藏的关系。提出了不同序级不整合地层油藏的6种成藏模式,建立了不整合构造与地层圈闭类型、成藏模式的关系特征,提出了不整合结构与构造形态是影响不同序级地层油藏的主要控制因素。     

渝东南地区古生界天然气成藏体系及立体勘探

渝东南地区处于四川盆地东南缘盆缘转换带,古生代地层发育齐全,但构造期次多、强度大,导致气藏类型多、成藏条件复杂.为明确气藏主要类型、成藏特征和立体勘探开发潜力,降低勘探风险和成本、提高勘探成功率,以成藏体系和立体勘探思路为指导,通过沉积相、地化指标、储集类型、成藏条件、源储匹配关系和成藏模式等研究,结合勘探开发实践,识别出源内和源外两类成藏体系,前者包括二叠系龙潭组泥页岩-煤层气藏和茅口组泥灰岩气藏、奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组页岩气藏和寒武系水井沱组页岩气藏,后者包括志留系小河坝组砂岩气藏、寒武系洗象池群和石龙洞组碳酸盐岩气藏.建议以源内成藏体系的下部五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气为主、上部龙潭组和茅口组页岩气为辅开展立体勘探,同时探索源外砂岩和碳酸盐岩气藏,尽可能地发现多套商业含气层系,这对持续勘探突破具有重要的现实指导意义.综合研究源内、源外天然气成藏条件和富集规律,优选出盆缘南川地区为二叠系-志留系-寒武系立体勘探有利区带,盆外彭水地区为志留系-寒武系立体勘探有利区带.     

斜直带油气藏特征与勘探方法：以济阳坳陷为例

以济阳地坳陷为例,概要论述了 断陷的结构特征,把斜坡眼为宽缓型,窄陡型,双元型三种类型,研究了不同类型斜坡带油气藏类型,油气控制因素及分布规律,指出在宽缓斜坡带主要以形成第三系构造－岩性油藏,下第三系岩性油气藏,地层超不整合油藏,构造－地层油气藏及前第三系的地层蚀不整合油藏为特征;     

陕北志丹地区长2油藏油气富集规律研究

基于大量钻井、测井、录井及试采成果,运用石油地质学理论方法,通过精细地层对比及密井网大比例尺编图等,对鄂南陕北志丹地区中生界延长组长2油藏特征及油气富集规律进行综合分析,结果表明:长2油气富集成藏受地层、古地貌、不整合、局部构造、沉积及储层特征、区域盖层等多种因素的控制和影响;印支古地貌控制了长2地层和油藏的分布状况,古高地是油气运移的有利指向和富集的最佳场所;局部群构造及优势砂岩区带的发育、储层岩性的侧变及尖灭、旋回性泥岩及区域盖层的覆盖、有利相带组合及其与西倾单斜背景的恰当配置、斜坡处不整合的侧向封堵等不仅为长2油藏提供了良好的圈闭条件,也控制了其油气富集规律和油藏分布。油藏类型多样,以构造-岩性油藏和构造-地层油藏为主,其次为构造油藏、岩性油藏、岩性-地层油藏、水动力油藏等。     

准噶尔盆地南缘小渠子背斜T/P 同构造不整合几何学、运动学特征及地质意义

为探讨准噶尔盆地南缘二叠纪-三叠纪盆地构造性质及构造演化过程,笔者对盆地南缘小渠子背斜保存较完整的T/P 不整合进行了几何学、运动学和沉积韵律旋回特征的分析。T/P 不整合具有同构造不整合的特点,表现为不整合之下削蚀、之上超覆,是由于盆地南缘经历晚二叠世-早三叠世区域性挤压作用造成的。通过对小渠子地区深层地质结构的分析,认为晚二叠世-早三叠世的构造演化过程与早石炭世伸展断陷的反转密切相关。     

The Silurian Reservoir Bed—Differentiated Asphalts in Tarim Basin and Modeling Experiments on Their Origin

There is a type of asphalt that originated from differentiation from reservoir bed (named reservoir bed-differentiated asphalt)in the Silurian asphaltic sandstones of the Tarim Basin.These asphalts are the result of second-time charging of hydrocarbons into the Silurian reservoir,which were derived from Lower Paleozoic source rocks.Asphalt was differentiated from the reservoir bed in the hydrocarbon gathering area of secondary migration.The different-tiation is caused by changes in reservoir physical properties when pearl or chain hydrocarbons migrating through and gathering in the reservoir bed,and light components are lost and heavy ones are involved in the formation of asphalt or heavy oil.There are two kinds of occurrence of these asphalts in the Silurian system of the Tarim Basin.One is the poor heavy oil layer with lower oil saturation in trap and the other is scattered hydrocarbon distributed along the trans-port layer and unconformity surface.Reservoir bed-differentiated asphalts have two characteris-tics:total hydrocarbon content is high in extractable organic matter and the ratio of saturated to aromatic hydrocarbon is usually greater than unity.The physically modeling experiment has confirmed these characteristics and the genesis of the reservoir bed-differentiated asphalts.     

川东南丁山构造震旦系—下古生界油气成藏条件及成藏过程

川东南的构造演化可分成5个阶段:①晚震旦世抬升剥蚀阶段;②早古生代沉降阶段;③晚志留世—泥盆、石炭纪抬升剥蚀阶段;④二叠纪—晚白垩世沉降阶段;⑤晚白垩世—现今快速隆升阶段。震旦系灯影组—下古生界储层沥青与下寒武统和下志留统黑色泥岩之间地球化学特征的对比表明二者有着重要的联系,灯影组烃源来自下寒武统牛蹄塘组。丁山构造一直处于高部位,有利于油气聚集,丁山构造在晚白垩世前圈闭、封盖、储层及保存条件均较好,形成了古油藏。随着埋深的增大,古油藏裂解成古气藏。晚白垩世至今受喜马拉雅运动的影响,通天断层发育,保存条件变差,导致天然气的逸散。丁山构造的油气成藏过程可分为古油藏→古油藏裂解形成古气藏→古气藏破坏三大过程。     

苏丹Muglad盆地中南部西斜坡沉积层序及有利地层圈闭预测

苏丹Muglad盆地油气资源丰富,是重要的油气探区.盆地中南部西斜坡位于Kaikang坳陷西部斜坡带,是Muglad盆地重要的勘探区之一.研究区在构造转型时期遭受严重剥蚀,目前残余地层厚度约为5 000 m.受区域构造活动的影响,研究区的沉积储层发育演化与构造演化密切相关.随着构造圈闭勘探进入中后期,寻找新的勘探领域和...     

中国塔里木盆地塔中北坡志留系多期石油充注：流体包裹体和有机地球化学证据

Well S provides a good opportunity to investigate the petroleum filling history in Tazhong North Slope.Petrographic investigations suggest that bitumen,oil,and petroleum inclusions coexist in Silurian sandstones from well S,reflecting a complicated reservoir filling history in the study area.Integration of organic geochemistry and fluid inclusion analysis shows that the Silurian reservoir has experienced three episodes of petroleum charge,that is from the late Silurian to the early Devonian,the early-middle Triassic and the Paleogene,respectively.The present-day reservoir fluids in the Silurian are the mixtures generated in multiple (at least two)episodes of petroleum charge.The oil charging into Silurian resevior in the early period had experienced considerable degradation,and was mixed with later non-degraded oil.     

塔河油田志留系油气成藏特征及勘探方向

塔河油田志留系油气显示良好,储层以中低孔、低渗为主,与上覆泥岩组成3套储盖组合,其圈闭和油气藏类型可分为构造油气藏、地层油气藏、岩性油气藏以及复合油气藏。通过原油地球化学特征、自生伊利石K-Ar测年及流体包裹体均一温度研究表明,志留系以多期充注、多期成藏为特征,主成藏期为加里东晚期、海西期和喜山晚期。油气成藏主要受构造及断裂发育程度、优质储层的控制,通过综合分析认为塔河南部地区是寻找构造地层类型油气藏的有利区,托普台地区是加里东晚期-海西期原生油气藏的有利勘探目标区。     

一个典型的寒武系油藏:塔里木盆地塔中62井油藏成因分析

塔里木盆地志留系沥青砂岩广泛发育,主要原因是来源于寒武系的原油在进入志留系储层后区域性的抬升剥蚀使油藏遭到严重破坏,但到目前为止,究竟是寒武系烃源岩还是中上奥陶统烃源岩或是两者都对现今的志留系沥青砂岩中的有机质有贡献还不清楚.对塔中62井原油的化学组成和油源的分析表明,其甾萜类组成具有寒武系烃源岩的组成特征,反映该油藏原油主要来源于寒武系.另一方面,塔中62井砂岩透镜体被泥岩圈闭,油藏具有较好的保存条件,且后期中上奥陶统生成的烃类难以充注进入油藏.塔中62井志留系油藏破坏作用较弱、保存较好,是塔里木盆地在志留系发现的第一例来源于寒武系的油藏.     

塔里木盆地塔中隆起志留系油气聚集控制因素

塔中隆起志留系中沥青及可动油气显示十分丰富。油气聚集的基本特征是多油气源、多成藏期、多油气藏类型、多油气产状。纵向上志留系油气分布受盖层控制,沥青和稠油分布在塔塔埃尔塔格组下段红色泥岩段以下,而现今可动油则集中分布在柯坪塔格组上二亚段灰色泥岩之下。平面上,志留系油气聚集受构造背景控制,继承性发育的古隆起决定各个时期油气运移指向,塔中地区油气基本上是自北西向南东方向运移。潮坪相沉积决定了薄砂层单个砂体规模不大,一系列砂体靠断层沟通。塔中地区志留系形成了油气丰度不高、在空间上叠置连片、大面积分布、受多种圈闭类型控制的油气聚集特征。     

滨里海盆地碳酸盐岩高频层序特征及其油气勘探应用--以M区块石炭系KT-I含油层系为例

KT-I是滨里海盆地M区块盐下重要含油层系,该层灰泥频繁互层,相带类型多样,非均质性严重,储层展布认识不清。本文应用高频层序地层学研究思路,提出碳酸盐岩高频层序及超层序划分体系域的可行性及思路,以及淹没不整合面作为碳酸盐岩层序界面的重要作用。在此基础上,岩-电-震相结合,通过淹没不整合面和暴露间断面等层序界面的分级识别与分析,首次将研究区KT-I含油层系划分为3个四级层序、9个五级层序,并对高频层序进行体系域划分;建立了研究区快速海侵（对应淹没不整合）和慢速海侵条件下对应的高频层序体系域发育模式,理清研究区地层发育特征及储层展布规律。进而讨论淹没不整合及高频层序体系域在碳酸盐岩油气勘探中的应用。     

Lower Palaeozoic unconformities in an intracratonic platform setting: glacial erosion versus tectonics in the eastern Murzuq Basin (southern Libya)

The stratigraphic record of the eastern Murzuq Basin has been importantly influenced by deformation resulting in angular and/or deeply erosional unconformities, though the overall context is intracratonic. Major transgressive events and the Ordovician glaciation are nevertheless documented, allowing the delineation of tectonic-, eustasy- or climate-driven unconformities. Lower Palaeozoic key events and related unconformities that characterize the North Gondwana platform have therefore a signature in the eastern Murzuq Basin. The basement/cover unconformity, also known as the infra-Tassilian surface, truncates all the deformed and metamorphosed Lower Cambrian and older rocks. Above is a ?Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician megasequence (Murizidié and Hasawnah Fms.), which is in turn truncated by an intra-Ordovician, angular unconformity. This megasequence is unconformably overlain by a Middle Ordovician (Hawaz Fm.) to Silurian (Tanzzuft and Akakus Fms) megasequence, which includes the Upper Ordovician glaciogenic unit (Mamuniyat Fm.), bounded at the base by a polygenic glacial erosion surface showing corrugated glacial lineations, tillites, and glaciotectonic structures. The Middle Ordovician to Silurian megasequence is finally truncated by a base-Devonian, angular unconformity overlain by fluvial sandstones. Regarding the possibility that those fluvial deposits may be as younger as Late Devonian in the eastern Murzuq Basin based on palaeoflora, the so-called Caledonian unconformity might be here a much younger (mid-Eifelian?) surface, and the occurrence of the Lower Devonian “Tadrart Fm.” is questioned. The Upper Ordovician glacial erosion surface, which is sometimes referred to as the Taconic unconformity, usually truncates Middle Ordovician strata in the Murzuq Basin but reaches significantly deeper stratigraphic levels in places that have been previously involved in the intra-Ordovician deformation event. In the Murizidié (southeastern Murzuq Basin), the infra-Tassilian surface, the intra-Ordovician unconformity, and the Upper Ordovician glacial erosion surface amalgamate together. Here, an estimate of the glacial erosion depth cannot be derived from the stratigraphic hiatus beneath the glacial incision, the main part of which relate to the intra-Ordovician tectonic event. The Upper Ordovician climate-related glacial erosion surface is not a valid unconformity for a sequence hierarchy framework of the Lower Palaeozoic, although it presents most of the physical attributes of tectonic-driven unconformities.