综合利用多种方法确定潜水含水层渗透系数

为确定潜水含水层的渗透系数,施工了一个主抽水井和两个观测井,采用了潜水含水层稳定流完整井多孔、单孔抽水试验的公式法、非稳定流的完整井的半对数直线图解法和基于抽水试验资料处理软件的纽曼模型求参法三种方法进行计算,结果发现各计算方法的结果相差不大,能够相互验证。最后,选取半对数直线图解法的计算结果作为最终计算结果。该研究对潜水含水层渗透系数的计算有一定的参考价值。     

长江漫滩抽水试验与水文地质参数计算

长江漫滩地区第四系是一个巨厚的复杂含水体,地下水丰富,对深大基坑施工影响极大。南京梅子洲过江通道连接线及青奥轴线地下交通系统工程位于长江下游漫滩,基坑最大开挖深度为27.5 m。为满足基坑降水设计及施工要求,勘察时选择有代表性的地段布置了3组抽水试验井,对潜水含水层及承压水含水层进行抽水试验,根据试验井类型和边界条件,选用潜水完整井稳定流、承压水完整井稳定流及非稳定流、承压水非完整井稳定流及非稳定流等多种地下水计算模型进行参数计算并综合分析,为设计提供水文地质参数,并实地验证了参数的合理性。     

关于潜水完整井单孔稳定流求参的两个问题

本文就如何充分利用潜水完整井单孔稳定流抽水试验资料、计算含水层渗透系数及水位变动带的给水度等问题,进行了简要分析对比,认为消除水跃值后单孔稳定流计算结果,与利用非稳定流方法和用带观测孔的稳定流方法计算结果相近。     

潜水含水层井流模型的对比研究

依托在潜水含水层中开展的10组高分辨率抽水试验,探讨了泰斯(Theis)、博尔顿(Boulton)和纽曼(Neuman)3种潜水井流模型的识别精度。结果表明:泰斯模型由于忽略了潜水含水层的三维流动和潜水含水层重力释水的滞后效应,因此无法真实反映潜水井流的运动特征和释水机理;博尔顿模型能够较好地刻画抽水试验早期潜水含水层重力给水滞后的主要特征;既考虑潜水含水层重力滞后给水机理,又同时考虑了潜水含水层三维流动特征的纽曼模型最能全面反映潜水含水层井流试验的运动特征和释水机理。     

稳定流抽水试验资料的非稳定流处理方法

本文从非稳定流理论出发,将稳定流抽水试验概化为包含零流量抽水时段的阶梯式非稳定流抽水试验,分析出井损仅存在于非零流量抽水的时段,据此确定了求参计算拟合的主要目标和井损的计算方法,进而编制了适合于直线边界,边界性质为定水头、隔水、边界不存在或边界无影响三种常见情况的计算程序。并结合实例,反演了水文地质条件,较为准确地计算了水文地质参数、井损及井损与抽水量的关系。     

井损对水文地质参数计算的影响

通过分析抽水试验过程中井损产生的原因及确定方法,运用水位动态变化过程中的井损计算方法,对乌兰陶勒盖水源地WL6号孔的抽水试验资料的井损计算程序进行了说明,并提出了该水源地理想降深与实际降深的经验公式。利用Aqui Test软件,分别计算了忽略井损和考虑井损两种情况下潜水(承压水)抽水井渗透系数及给水度(贮水率),从计算结果来看,计算井损、修正降深所得的各参数的值要比不考虑井损的值大;井损对潜水的抽水试验资料的影响要比承压水的大。     

关于地热井抽水试验中“井损”的一些探讨——以河北省安国市代表性地热井为例

抽水试验是确定含水层水文地质参数最常用的技术方法,在水文参数计算中必须考虑井损问题。以河北省安国市地热井为例,进行该井为抽水孔进行单孔三降深抽水试验、并带两个观测孔的孔组抽水试验,通过采用不同的稳定流公式对该地热井进行渗透系数的计算对比,并利用三种井损计算公式对该孔的井损值进行计算分析,同时探究了井损的相关影响因素。结果可知：水文地质参数单孔降压试验计算中若不扣除井损值,则求得渗透系数明显偏小。采用单孔三降深实测降深值计算的渗透系数过小。一般经常采用抛物线方程法、三次曲线方程法两种井损计算法。对不同地区、不同热储的代表性地热井进行应用对比可见,单孔三降深试验采用稳定流公式计算时必须要消除井损后再进行参数运算,采用抛物线法计算的渗透系数整体比采用三次曲线方程计算的结果偏大,抛物线法计算的渗透系数更能反应地层真实渗透能力。影响井损的因素主要有一般有井径、成井结构、滤料层的有效粒径、洗井质量(洗井不彻底井损值占比就大)及成井工艺,同时含有较多的随机因素。     

非稳定流大井径经验井损分析

本文用离散影响函数核(discrete kernel)方法分析了在承压含水层非稳定流的井径经验井损问题。并得出如下结论:井的容量可以减小井损量,且井容量对抽水初期是有影响的;增大井径可以克服井的无效性;大井径经验井损的比降深与抽水量呈非线性关系;在大井径中的无量纲时间降深曲线(其井损分量遵循Jacob方程)不是唯一的,它与抽水量有关。     

潜水含水层给水度的测定

潜水含水层给水度是地下水资源评价中重要的水文地质参数。给水度的测定引起了人们广泛的重视。 第四系潜水含水层给水度测定方法主要有:野外原位测试法、疏干漏斗法、电测法、室内测定法、有限差分法和非稳定流抽水试验法等。现分述如下: 一、野外原位测试法 我们利用抽水降低地下水位后,挖探井采取不同     

基于大口径稳定流抽水试验的基坑降水方案设计

正近年来,随着长江沿线城市基础设施建设步伐的不断加快,基坑深度也在不断增加,高水头承压水深基坑问题亟待解决。在勘察过程中,一般采取大口径多井、群井稳定流抽水试验,获取承压含水层准确的水文地质参数,以防止基坑突涌、管涌等事故的发生,这对基坑的安全建设具有重要意义。本文以江阴—靖江过江通道北岸盾构井工程抽水试验为例,开展多井(一抽多观)与群井(多抽多观)承压水稳定流抽水试验,对基坑底部Ⅱ层承压含水层进行研究,     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of     

OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE GEOLOGY

正20140582 Fang Xisheng(Key Lab.of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology,First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,China);Shi Xuefa Mineralogy of Surface Sediment in the Eastern Area off the Ryukyu Islands and Its Geological Significance(Marine Geology Quaternary Geology,ISSN0256-1492,CN37     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141810 Bian Yumei(Geological Environmental Monitoring Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110032,China);Zhang Jing Zoning Haicheng,Liaoning Province,by GeoHazard Risk and Geo-Hazard Assessment(Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,ISSN1006-4362,CN51-1467/P,24(3),2013,p.5-9,2 illus.,tables,refs.)