广东徐闻县西部沿岸海域的珊瑚虫纲物种

广东省徐闻县西部沿岸海域分布着珊瑚礁，现生珊瑚虫纲物种较丰富，本文将2004年调查研究的结果，结合文献记录的资料，综合整理，统计有石珊瑚目12科29属56种和5未定种，其它珊瑚虫纲物种有6目15科31种和12未定种．如进一步深入调查研究，还会有本区新的记录．本区石珊瑚目比处于更低纬度的海南岛种属少，但比处于更高纬度的涠洲岛种属多，符合喜热的物种依自然带分布的规律．     

隐虾亚科(十足目:长臂虾科)系统发育初探

于１９９３年７月－１９９５年７月，基于隐虾亚科绝大部分属的分类学，系统学、比较形态学研究及部分生物学文献资料并对１７个属的标本进行解剖分析，以支序分析地隐虾亚科作了系统发育初步探讨。结果表明，隐虾亚科为一单系类群，起源于原始的行自由生活的长臂虾类祖先，该类群因躲避敌害而在石珊瑚形成的小空间中营隐蔽生活，逐渐发展到可与腔肠动物、棘皮动物、海绵动物、双壳类软体动物等营共栖生活与海绵动物和双壳类共栖才可     

隐虾类与海洋无脊椎动物的共栖关系(I)

研究论述了隐虾亚科这一珊瑚礁环境中引人注目的甲壳动物类群与软体动物、海鞘动物、棘皮动物、腔肠动物和海绵动物等海洋无脊椎动物类群之间的共栖关系,并得出此亚科种类的共栖宿主以腔肠动物最多,其余以次为棘皮动物、海绵动物、双壳类软体动物和海鞘类被囊动物,以及每一种隐虾多以某一目的动物为宿主,宿主跨目者很少,跨纲者更少的结论。为该亚科的分类和进化以及珊瑚礁生态学研究提供了重要基础资料。     

珊瑚价更高

珊瑚属腔肠动物门花虫纲,珊瑚是由珊瑚虫组成的一簇簇不定型的群体结构,珊瑚虫各自固定在一个石灰质的“体房”中。珊瑚虫是终生水熄型,只有幼虫可以自由游动,发育成熟后则固定在海底。水螅型分为基部、体部和末端的触手部,基部一般略扩大为圆形;体部大多数为圆柱形;触手部的触手是其捕食器官,上面有刺胞,能刺入微小的动物体内,麻醉或杀死猎物,然后用触手部的口吞入腔     

中国角珊瑚目(Antipatharia)的研究——Ⅰ.鞭角珊瑚属(Cirrhipathes)及其一新种

角珊瑚目(Antipatharia)属腔肠动物六放珊瑚亚纲,从十余米到数千米水深的海域中都有分布。它们有一个黑色或黑棕色带刺的角质轴。角珊瑚除有药用价值外,自古就作为装饰品闻名于世。近来,作为珍贵珊瑚广泛被采集,加工成价值连城的工艺品。 过去曾把这类动物误认为柳珊瑚类(Gorgonian)。1857年Milne-Edwards提出这类动物是一个“硬质珊瑚虫类”的新目。1865年Lacaz-Duthiers又从解剖学上作了精     

南海异沙珊瑚属一新种

异沙珊瑚(Heteropsammia)是仅分布于印度西太平洋热带和亚热带浅海区的一个属，隶石珊瑚目，因与星虫共栖而著名，过去共报道过8种，但在本世纪七十多年中，未增添过一个新种。经Horst(1922 、1926) 、Yabe and Eguchi(1932、1942)等人的分类研究和归并后，迄今一般认为，该属只有4种，即：单体珊瑚两种——H.cochlea (Spengler)和H.ovalis Semper，单体兼群体珊瑚一种——H. michelinii Milne-Edwards and Haime，群体珊瑚一种——H.geminata VetriIl。 我们在整理1958-1960年中国近海海洋调查所采集的与星虫共栖的石珊瑚标本时，发现在海南岛西南近岸水域拖网采到的一个异沙珊瑚标本，其形态特征与该属己记载的种都不相同，经详细研究后，确定是一个新种。     

莱州湾东部金城水域发现文昌鱼幼体

文昌鱼Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａｂｅｌｃｈｅｒｉ属于脊索动物门 (Ｃｈｏｒｄａｔａ)、头索亚门(Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｃｈｏｒｄａｔａ)、文昌鱼纲(Ａｍｐｈｉｏｘｉ)。文昌鱼目Ａｍｐｈｉｏｘｉｆｏｒｍｅｓ计有两个科 ,即文昌鱼科Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａｔｉ ｄａｅ（仅文昌鱼Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａ１属约１５种）和偏文昌鱼科Ｅｐｉｇｏｎｉｃｈｔｈｙｉｄａｅ（亦仅１属５种）。我们此次在金城水域发现的文昌鱼幼体系隶属于白氏文昌鱼的一个亚种Ｂ．ｂｅｌｃｈｅｒｉｔｓｉｎｇｔａｕｅｎｓｅＴｃｈａｎｇｅｔｋｏｏ。该亚种已记…     

开在海里的向日葵

正海葵,生活在海洋中,是一种构造非常简单的动物,因外形似向日葵而得名。海葵在海洋中的分布极为广泛。从极地到热带,从浅海到深海,即使在深度达10210米的海底深渊也可见其身影,并且在超深渊底栖动物组成中占有较大比例。不过,大多数海葵栖息于浅海和岩岸的水洼和石缝中。海葵,属于腔肠动物门珊瑚虫纲六放珊瑚亚纲海葵目,共有1000多种,一般为单体的两胚层动物,无外骨骼,呈     

上期封底优秀答案选登

木珊瑚:木珊瑚科 Dendrophy llidae这是一种低等的无脊椎动物,属腔肠动物门,(Coelentecata)珊瑚纲(Anthozaa)。珊瑚纲全部是水螅型的单体或群体动物,可分为八放珊瑚亚纲(Octocorallia)和六放珊瑚亚纲(Hexacorallia)八放亚纲:全部营群体生活,每个个体8个触手,隔膜也是8个,仅是1个口道沟,位于腹面。六放亚纲:为单体或群体生活,触手与隔膜为6或6的倍数,2个口道沟,本珊瑚属六放珊瑚亚纲。与海葵等是“近亲”,它有着花一样的外形,美丽柔软的触手。触手上生有刺细胞,     

中华哲水蚤不同地理种群苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的比较

中华哲水蚤 (ＣａｌａｎｕｓｓｉｎｉｃｕｓＢｒｏｄｓｋｙ)是属于甲壳纲 (Ｃｒｕｓｔａｃｅａ)桡足亚纲 (Ｃｏｐｏｐｅｄａ)哲水蚤目（Ｃａｌａｎｏｉｄａ）哲水蚤属（ＣａｌａｎｕｓＬｅａｃｈ）的一类浮游动物 ,为暖温带种 ,广泛分布于我国渤、黄海和东海沿岸区 ,为这些水域的优势种［１］。有关中华哲水蚤的研究国内有过许多报道 :李少菁［２］、陈清潮［３］、林元烧等［４］曾分别对该种类生活习性、摄食、生殖及生活史进行过研究 ,林元烧、曹文清等［５］也曾对厦门港不同月份采集的中华哲水蚤染色体组型进行了分析。而不同地理种群…     

Metagenomic characterization of viral communities in Goseong Bay,Korea

In this study, seawater samples were collected from Goseong Bay, Korea in March 2014 and viral populations were examined by metagenomics assembly. Enrichment of marine viral particles using FeCl₃ followed by next-generation sequencing produced numerous sequences. De novo assembly and BLAST search showed that most of the obtained contigs were unknown sequences and only 0.74% of sequences were associated with known viruses. As a result, 138 viruses, including bacteriophages (87%), viruses infecting algae and others (13%) were identified. The identified 138 viruses were divided into 11 orders, 14 families, 34 genera, and 133 species. The dominant viruses were Pelagibacter phage HTVC010P and Roseobacter phage SIO1. The viruses infecting algae, including the Ostreococcus species, accounted for 9.4% of total identified viruses. In addition, we identified pathogenic herpes viruses infecting fishes and giant viruses infecting parasitic acanthamoeba species. This is a comprehensive study to reveal the viral populations in the Goseong Bay using metagenomics. The information associated with the marine viral community in Goseong Bay, Korea will be useful for comparative analysis in other marine viral communities.     

西太平洋及其边缘海的浮游动物系统分类、物种多样性及新物种-中国海洋生物分类专著的简要编目

生物多样性的研究和保护首先从认识物种开始，并需要内容全面的的基础资料，这很大程度上依赖于通过现场调查和文献研习所获得的物种编目和分布图集研究成果。由于分类学人才储备不足，重要标本的收集和鉴定变得越来越困难。西太平洋是全球海洋生物种源中心，许多海洋生物类群的最高物种多样性都出现于该区域。本文在西太平洋及其边缘海（105-152°E，0–45°N）701个测站获取的6203份浮游动物样品分类鉴定基础之上，对1965-2008年该区浮游动物主要类群的系统分类、物种多样性和新物种新纪录进行了汇编和总结。本文共记录和编入西太平洋及其边缘海10个浮游动物类群206科686属2657种（含亚种）。包括水螅水母类99科251属697种，栉水母类12科22属59种，浮游软体动物14科36属85种，介形类8科91属416种，桡足类51科156属908种，糠虾类4科60属202种，磷虾类2科8属56种，十足类8科23属105种，毛颚类5科13属48种，被囊类5科26属81种。文中详细列举了10大类群的主要优势种，并记述了筒螅水母科2新种以及棒状水母科1新属2新种。许多赤道热带海、高纬度寒带海、深海深层的浮游动物物种在我国首次记录，较以往我国所记录的1852种增加了806种，增录43.5%，包括赤道热带种增录1.4%，高纬度冷水种增录3.5%，深海深水种增录3.2%。作者还对中国海洋浮游动物研究的5个主要领域进行了展望。本文的定性系统分类信息对海洋浮游动物多样性和生物地理学研究具有重要意义，特别是对2008年以后中国海洋生物种类全面系统总结的专著而言。     

The value of marine biodiversity to the leisure and recreation industry and its application to marine spatial planning

The incorporation of the ecosystem approach into marine planning requires that all aspects of value associated with marine biodiversity are incorporated into the decision making process. An ecosystem services approach to valuing marine biodiversity is recognised as a framework by which economic, ecological and social values may be incorporated into the decision making process. There are sectors of the marine leisure and recreation industry (sub-aqua diving, sea angling and wildlife watching), which depend on the presence of natural marine resources in order to carry out their activity. Estimating the value of this direct use can provide an evidence base for the sustainable use of marine biodiversity when set against other competing economic interests in marine spatial planning. In the case study area of Lyme Bay, the marine leisure and recreation industry has been valued using both monetary and non-monetary methods. The results show that the leisure and recreation industry is dependent on the diversity of sites (many of which are currently unmanaged) and that the industry is of economic significance and an area which has recently been closed to trawling activity enables the protection of some of the most valuable sites but has limited benefits for protecting the full resource base upon which this local industry depends.     

渔山列岛潮间带底栖海藻生态的初步研究

本文根据１９８７年１１月至１９８９年５月渔山列岛（２８°５３′Ｎ，１２２°１６′Ｅ）潮间带底栖海藻调查资料，分析了该海区潮间带的海藻种类、垂直分布及生物量的季节变化规律，并将本区海藻生态特点与临近海区作了比较。     

Evaluation of compression index of marine fine-grained soils by the use of index tests

Marine fine-grained soils are well known for their compressibility, which is typically measured and reported in terms of compression index, C_c. The difficulties associated with measuring C_c have resulted in growing research interest in statistics-based estimates (i.e., correlation equations). Although many empirical and semiempirical correlations exist for estimating C_c, most available correlations are based on either data from nonmarine soils or data collected from Japanese and Korean marine clays. Thus, there are few correlations for marine clays from other parts of the world. In the present study, two independent databases which contain a total of 1,000 data points from 170 different sites worldwide are used to build and validate statistically significant correlations for estimating compression index of marine soils. The results of this study suggest that (1) the proposed correlation equations provide quite good estimates of C_c for marine soils with different stress histories and sensitivities and (2) most of the existing models have unacceptable performance when they are applied to marine soils.     

南海北部自由生活海洋线虫的群落结构和生物多样性

A quantitative study on the community structure and biodiversity of free-living marine nematodes and their relationship with environmental factors in the northern South China Sea were carried out based...     

海绵和海鞘中可培养放线菌的分离与多样性比较

在相同的分离培养条件下,为比较地域差别较大的福建海域海绵动物(山海绵Mycale sp.和网架海绵Stylissa sp.)和海南海域海鞘动物(皱瘤海鞘Styela plicata和乳突皮海鞘Molgula manhattensis)之间可培养放线菌多样性的差异,作者采用5种放线菌分离培养基和1种细菌通用培养基,对海绵和海鞘中的放线菌进行分离培养。采用16S rRNA 基因限制性片段长度多态性(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, RFLP)分析和序列分析,揭示其多样性。共获得可培养放线菌198株,其中从海绵中分离到87株放线菌,从海鞘中分离到111株放线菌。RFLP分析表现为38种不同的图谱类型。16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,从海绵中分离到的放线菌包括6个放线菌属,其中有2株菌的16S rRNA基因序列与最相近的菌株相似性低于97%,可能是潜在的新菌株;从海鞘中分离到的放线菌包括7个放线菌属,有8株可能是潜在的新菌株。比较海绵和海鞘中可培养放线菌的多样性发现,从海绵中分离到的放线菌,除节细菌(Arthrobacter)以外,均包括在海鞘分离的放线菌属中。海鞘相关放线菌多样性水平不容忽视,是除海绵之外另一获得新型放线菌资源以及药用天然活性产物的重要来源。     

山东省渤海海洋保护区典型海域表层海水微生物群落多样性分析

海洋微生物在生态系统循环中发挥重要作用。为系统了解山东省渤海海洋保护区表层海水微生物群落多样性,作者利用Illumina高通量测序及生物信息学分析技术研究了12个水体样本的菌群构成和多样性特征。实验结果表明,山东渤海海洋保护区典型海域表层海水微生物群落丰富,12个水体样品OTU分属于25门、56纲、103目、163科、227属;门、纲、目、科、属分类等级上的优势类群分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(57.95%)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)(21.88%)、黄杆菌目(Flavobacteriales)(4.31%)、红细菌科(Rhodobacteraceae)(10.68%)、Candidatus portiera(7.94%);保护区内表层海水微生物具有其独特的菌群特征和多样性。本研究结果为进一步认识海洋微生物多样性与海洋生态环境保护的关系奠定了基础。     

Molecular insights into the circadian clock in marine diatoms

The circadian clock is a fundamental endogenous mechanism of adaptation that coordinates the physiology and behavior of most organisms with diel variations in the external environment to maintain temporal homeostasis. Diatoms are the major primary producers in the ocean. However, little is known about the circadian clock in marine diatoms compared with other organisms. Here, we investigated circadian clock genes, their expression patterns, and responses to environmental stimuli such as light, nitrogen and phosphorus in two marine diatoms, Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, using a combination of qRT-PCR and bioinformatic analysis. We identified 17 and 18 circadian clock genes in P. tricornutum and S. costatum, respectively. Despite significant evolutionary differences, these genes were similar to those of the higher plant Arabidopsis. We also established a molecular model for the marine diatom circadian clock comprising an input pathway, core oscillator, output pathway, and valve effector. Notably, the expression patterns of core clock genes (circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1), late elongated hypocotyl (LHY) and timing of cab 1 (TOC1)) in both species differed from those of terrestrial plants. Furthermore, the expression of these genes was influenced by variations in ambient light, nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Although marine diatoms and higher plants share common circadian clock components, their clock genes have diverged throughout evolution, likely as a result of adapting to contrasting environments.