赣粤界山发现花岗伟晶岩型铍多金属矿

花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床主要产出于后碰撞到非造山构造背景,同期多阶段复式岩体中,侧向侵位的晚阶段高分异花岗岩是有利的成矿母岩。南岭成矿带发育稀有金属矿化的花岗岩很多,花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床却较罕见。贵东岩体具备花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属的成矿条件,“界山”有利于矿体保存。笔者通过野外查证,在贵东岩体赣粤界山附近的龟尾山和牛牯石地段均发现含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩,该花岗伟晶岩脉铍矿化强烈,脉体规模和矿物分带性特征表明其找矿潜力大,综合利用价值高。此发现不仅补充了南岭成矿带的稀有金属成矿类型,还表明二（白）云母花岗岩的小岩体周边也有可能发现花岗伟晶岩型铍多金属矿床。     

幕阜山复式花岗岩体多期次演化与白垩纪稀有金属成矿高峰:年代学依据

花岗岩浆的分异过程是制约稀有金属成矿的重要因素,造山过程中多期次岩浆活动的叠加作用易导致伟晶岩熔体的大量聚集成矿.华南幕阜山复式花岗岩体由多期次多阶段的花岗岩侵入体构成,在区域持续而频繁的多期次岩浆活动作用下形成了华南地区重要的稀有金属矿集区.对幕阜山复式花岗岩体边部的断峰山含铌钽铁矿白云母钠长石伟晶岩以及岩体中部大兴含绿柱石白云母钠长石伟晶岩进行了40Ar/39Ar同位素定年研究,其白云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄分别为127.7±0.9 Ma和130.5±0.9 Ma.结合野外观察基础及区域已有的同位素年代学数据,推断出在燕山早期至中期该地区经历了多期岩浆演化,且持续时间较长,而伟晶岩的稀有金属矿化发生在岩浆活动末期的白垩纪,体现了区域岩浆多期次的分异演化作用导致稀有金属逐渐富集成矿的过程.这些地质现象说明,幕阜山区域在印支期经历了广泛的陆陆碰撞造山作用,进入燕山期后构造背景开始由陆内碰撞挤压向伸展减薄转变,在岩石圈伸展过程中经由玄武质岩浆底侵作用的影响,下地壳发生熔融,多期次岩浆活动导致了最终的稀有金属成矿.      

幕阜山南缘似斑状黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

幕阜山复式花岗岩基南缘的长庆黑云母花岗岩与其内部Be伟晶岩呈渐变接触关系,为Be伟晶岩的母岩,其成岩时代及同位素特征可指示幕阜山地区黑云母花岗岩阶段的Be成矿时代及成矿物质来源。本次研究对长庆地区的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成测试,结果显示,该岩体成岩年龄为(142.9±0.9)Ma,代表了幕阜山复式花岗岩体黑云母花岗岩演化阶段的稀有金属成矿时代,此次成矿为华南地区中生代大规模成岩成矿作用的组成部分;继承锆石核的存在表明区域可能存在古老基底。长庆地区似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩的εHf(t)值主要变化于-9.2～-5.5,二阶段模式年龄主要为1.6～1.8 Ga,与幕阜山岩体不同类型花岗岩的εHf(t)和Hf同位素TDM2相近,暗示它们的源岩具有相似源区特征,为同源岩浆不同演化阶段的产物。此外,长庆似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩的源区物质中还有少量古元古代壳源物质(εHf(t)=-16)和新元古代地层物质加入,反映源区物质的复杂性。结合区域内其他年代学与同位素研究资料,表明幕阜山地区伟晶岩稀有金属成矿作用发生于早白垩世,岩浆连续分异演化过程中伴随着多阶段稀有金属成矿作用,最早在黑云母花岗岩阶段开始出现Be矿化,之后随着岩浆的分异演化程度不断增高,矿化规模越来越大,矿种由单一元素(Be)向综合演化(Be-Nb-Ta-Li)。成矿物质来源方面,幕阜山岩体锆石的TDM2与冷家溪群的锆石Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄的一个峰值(1.7～2.0 Ga)接近,表明二者的源岩在此时同时脱离地幔形成,为幕阜山岩体形成于冷家溪群部分熔融提供了支持,冷家溪群可能为稀有金属成矿提供了主要的物质来源。     

幕阜山东部麦埚铍矿床伟晶岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

幕阜山是中国重要的稀有金属矿集区,区域内多期次岩浆活动形成的复式花岗岩基与稀有金属成矿关系密切.目前,区域内黑云母花岗岩阶段和二云母花岗岩阶段的稀有金属成矿作用已有报道,而岩浆演化晚期白云母花岗岩阶段的相关成矿作用缺乏研究.文章选取了幕阜山东部麦埚铍矿床内由白云母花岗岩分异形成的含绿柱石伟晶岩作为研究对象,对其进行了 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成测试.结果显示,伟晶岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为(124.9±0.34)Ma,表明麦埚地区以铍为主的稀有金属成矿作用发生在早白垩世,同时也代表了幕阜山地区与白云母花岗岩相关的稀有金属成矿作用.此外,麦埚含绿柱石伟晶岩的εHf(t)值为-7.6～-5.2,二阶段模式年龄为1668～1512 Ma,与复式岩体中各阶段花岗质侵入体的εHf(t)和二阶段模式年龄值大致吻合,显示出它们相似的源区特征.综合区域内已有的年代学数据,与稀有金属成矿相关的岩浆活动主要分布在早白垩世,大致可分为3个阶段:黑云母花岗岩阶段(145 Ma)以Be矿化为主,矿化强度较低;二云母花岗岩阶段(140～138 Ma)为区域稀有金属成矿的主阶段,矿化种类包括Be-Nb-Ta-Li-Cs,矿化强度高;白云母花岗岩(125～122 Ma)阶段以Be-Nb-Ta矿化为主,矿化强度不高.幕阜山岩体是典型的"体中体"模式复式岩基,白云母花岗岩作为晚期分异程度最高的侵入体,却未发生大规模成矿作用,其原因在于受到了岩浆活动规模、岩浆冷却速率和容矿空间等多重因素的制约.     

河北兴隆M111稀有金属花岗岩体地球化学和矿化特征研究

本文研究河北兴隆一个复式小花岗岩体的岩石地球化学和矿化特征.常量氧化物、Rb-Sr同位素、稀土元素和稀有微量元素的地球化学特点综合表明,该岩体是起源较深的花岗岩浆经过较充分地分异演化的晚阶段产物.岩浆成分向着富钠富钠碱元素富挥发分的方向有规律的分异演化导致Nb,Ta,Li,Be,Rb,Cs等稀有元素富集和矿化.最晚形成的空间上位于岩体较高部位的白色似斑状铁锂云母-钠长石花岗岩,是矿化的有利地段,可作为稀有金属矿床找矿的岩石学标志     

南岭稀土花岗岩、钨锡花岗岩及其成矿作用的对比

南岭地区的钨锡和稀土矿床都与花岗岩类有直接成因联系,但二者的成矿作用有许多不同之处.钨锡是典型的热液成矿,而稀土则主要形成于风化作用.随着花岗岩类的分异演化,岩石中的W、Sn等元素含量逐渐增加,因此钨锡等矿床主要与高度分异演化的晚阶段小岩体有关;但是稀土的表现与钨锡不同,由于花岗岩类的分异演化导致稀土栽体黑云母及许多副矿物的减少,因此稀土元素含量在晚阶段岩体中反而降低.赣南的五里亭-大吉山岩体、桂东北的花山-姑婆山岩体等提供了很好的范例.因此,南岭地区与风化壳型稀土矿床有关的岩石主要有:印支期准铝质花岗岩,燕山期A型花岗岩,燕山中-晚期黑云母二长花岗岩等.     

南岭龙源坝复式岩体的地球化学特征研究

龙源坝复式岩体是南岭花岗岩带的重要组成部分,曾被作为其东侧燕山期陂头岩体的组成部分。最新研究表明,岩体的主体形成于印支期,在时代和成因上明显不同于陂头岩体。该印支期花岗岩与燕山期花岗岩和燕山期正长岩在主要氧化物成分上存在显著差别,暗示它们可能不存在结晶分异的演化关系。在微量元素特征上,印支期花岗岩稀土元素总量较高,富集轻稀土元素;燕山期花岗岩的稀土元素含量低,亏损中稀土,Th/U、Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值小,分馏明显,暗示岩浆作用过程中流体作用比较强烈;燕山期正长岩以富集高场强元素和稀土元素为特征,类似于A型花岗岩。锶、钕同位素地球化学特征表明,龙源坝复式岩体属于壳源S型花岗岩,起源于早元古代壳-幔分异产生的地壳。     

湖南瑶岗仙复式岩体的年代学特征

瑶岗仙复式岩体位于湖南省东南部,属于南岭花岗岩北带,它是瑶岗仙钨矿床的成矿母岩.根据野外接触关系和岩石学特征将瑶岗仙复式岩体划分为三个期次的侵入岩,即第一期的粗粒黑云母花岗岩、第二期的细粒斑状花岗岩和第三期的石英斑岩.对瑶岗仙复式岩体进行锆石SHRIMP定年,分别得到三期岩体的年龄为155.4+2.2Ma(MSWD=0...     

幕阜山复式花岗岩体锆石年代与微量元素对伟晶岩矿床成因的限定

江南成矿带晚侏罗世-早白垩世幕阜山复式花岗岩体内部及周缘发育多个早白垩世伟晶岩稀有金属矿床,成矿伟晶岩是否源自幕阜山复式岩体演化花岗岩浆高度分异还存在争议.幕阜山麦市等地发育含电气石、石榴石及白云母二长花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄介于130~135 Ma,在误差范围内与区内大规模成矿伟晶岩年龄相当.与早期斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和白云母二长花岗岩（151~143 Ma）相比,晚期含电气石、石榴石及白云母二长花岗岩锆石具有较高的Hf、Ta、Nb、Th、U含量和较低的Th/U和Eu/Eu*比值,体现较高的演化程度,与岩石矿物组合及锆石结晶温度相一致.锆石年代与微量元素说明,幕阜山地区成矿伟晶岩可能是幕阜山复式岩体中早白垩世演化花岗岩浆进一步分异的产物.      

南岭钨锡花岗岩的地质特征及成矿作用

南岭钨锡花岗岩按主要成矿金属可分为钨成矿花岗岩,钨锡铌钽成矿花岗岩,钨锡多金属成矿花岗岩和锡成矿花岗岩。中生代是本区钨锡花岗岩的主要成矿时代。各类钨锡花岗岩的地质、地球化学特性反映了它们相互之间成因上的区别和联系。本区钨锡花岗岩的成岩成矿作用特征是:①复式岩体分异完善多期多阶段成岩晚期成矿型,②复式岩株活动频繁多阶段成岩多阶段成矿型,岩浆杂岩组合酸性花岗岩成矿型,④火山—侵入作用的次火山—斑岩成矿型,⑤深成混合岩化花岗岩化超变质岩区花岗岩浆高侵位斑岩成矿型,⑥古老花岗岩体成矿型。钨锡花岗岩的地质和成矿作用特征是与其所处的大地构造环境的区域地质构造性质息息相关。     

Evolution in accessory mineral paragenesis,during metasomatic alteration of granites in eastern Transbaykalia massifs

This study is concerned with formation of minerals containing Li, Be, Cb, Ta, W, Bi, and other elements. The distribution of 35 accessory minerals was examined in biotite granite massifs occupying an area of 10 km² . These minerals formed during the late magmatic stage and mainly during the subsequent metasomatic processes, such as rnuscovitization, early albitization, greisenization, late albitization, and microclinization. Tantalum and columbium mineralization is associated with rocks intensely altered by the processes of alkaline metasomatism and reflects differentiation of rare earth's mineralization in marginal granite massifs. Minerals containing Be, W, Bi, Sn, and Mo were deposited during the acidic stage of metasomatism. The subsequent alkaline stage of metasomatism resulted in leaching of these elements and their redeposition outside the massif. The paper is of interest as a guide in prospecting for tantalum and columbium in granitic intrusions.--E. A. Alexandrov.     

铌钽矿研究进展和攀西地区铌钽矿成因初探

铌钽矿主要产出类型包括伟晶岩型、富Li-F花岗岩型、碱性侵入岩型、碳酸岩型及冲积砂矿型。前2种类型以钽为主,后3种则以铌占主导。铌和钽大多以铌钽独立矿物(铌铁矿、钽铁矿、细晶石、烧绿石等)呈浸染状分布于含矿岩石中,也有部分以类质同象的形式分布于云母、榍石、霓石、钛铁矿等矿物中。关于铌钽矿的富集机制,一些学者认为可由富F-Na和稀有金属(铌、钽等)的花岗质熔体经结晶分异作用形成;另一些学者则根据铌钽矿化与岩石的钠长石化、锂云母化等紧密共生的特点,认为铌钽的富集是岩浆期后流体交代早期形成的花岗岩所致。攀西(攀枝花-西昌)地区的铌钽矿床(化)基本上都是沿着断裂带分布,矿体赋存于印支期碱性岩脉(碱性正长伟晶岩)中,有少数存在于碱性花岗岩中,与区域上邻近的正长岩体及花岗岩体关系密切。其矿石矿物主要为烧绿石、褐钇铌矿等。初步推断,攀西地区的铌钽矿与二叠纪地幔柱活动有关。碱性的正长岩体及花岗岩体与广泛分布的峨眉山玄武岩、辉长岩均是地幔柱岩浆活动的产物,长英质岩体(包括正长岩体和花岗岩体)是富铌钽岩石的母岩体。碱性伟晶岩脉(如炉库和白草地区)是碱性岩浆逐步演化的产物,含矿的碱性花岗岩是花岗质岩浆分异演化的结果。此外,在该地区的铌钽矿床中,铌钽矿物几乎都富集在钠长石化发育的地段,说明后期的热液交代对铌钽的富集也起到了一定作用。因此,攀西地区铌钽的富集是岩浆结晶分异和岩浆期后热液交代共同作用的结果。     

内蒙古石灰窑花岗岩型铌钽铷矿床地质特征及成因

内蒙锡林浩特石灰窑铌钽矿床是我国最近发现的一处大型稀有金属矿床.通过详细分析该矿床地质特征、控矿因素及其成因,主要获得如下认识:1)该矿床矿石属于碱性花岗岩系列;2)矿石中的铌钽矿物主要包括铌锰矿、铌钽铁矿、铌钽锰矿、锡锰钽矿和细晶石;3)该矿床可能是前期花岗岩岩浆结晶和后期热液交代综合作用的产物,热液交代是铌钽铷主要成矿阶段;4)从铌钽铷矿化成因和富集规律可知,金属矿化与钠长石化、云英岩化密切相关,且矿体赋存于蚀变花岗岩中,分布上严格受北东向构造的控制,因此,钠长石化、云英岩化的花岗岩是寻找上述稀有金属的直接找矿标志,同时石灰窑燕山早期花岗岩出露地段很可能是寻找稀有金属矿的有希望地区;5)围绕石灰窑花岗岩主岩体周围寻找晚期侵位的钠长石化花岗岩小岩体的隆起和浅部部位,是寻找钽铌铷矿的基本思路.     

Mineralogy,M-type tetrad effect and radioactivity of altered granites at the G. Abu Garadi shear zone,central Eastern Desert,Egypt

The G. Abu Garadi area is covered mainly by metasediments, alkali feldspar granites and stream sediments. The alkali feldspar granite is traversed by a major strike-slip fault trending in an N-S direction as well as two subordinate sets of faults trending NW to WNW for the first one and NE for the second one. These faults represent the shear zones affected by magmatic (syngenetic) as well as hydrothermal (epigenetic) activities causing alteration of the granitic rocks. The most common alteration features are albitization, greisenization and koalinitization. The mass balance calculations of the studied altered samples show enrichments in Zr, Y, Ni, U, Th and Ga and depletions in Zn, Sr, Nb, Ba, Pb, Cu and V. Only the greisenized samples exhibit a significant enrichment in Nb, ∑REE budget and pronounced lanthanide tetrad effect (M-type), especially TE1,4, while weakly expressed tetrad effects are for the other albitized and koalinitized samples. Mineralogically, the common accessory minerals in the altered samples include samarskite-(Y), betafite, uranothorite, zircon, fluorite and cassiterite. The greisenized granites contain high eU and eTh than the other altered types, where they are characterized by an assemblage of the radioactive minerals; samarskite-(Y), betafite, uranothorite in addition to zircon. The inter-element relationships between U and Th and also their ratios illustrate that the radioelement distribution in these granites is mainly governed by magmatic processes, in addition to post-magmatic ones. The distribution of chemical elements and the fractionation of some isovalents within the shear zone are largely controlled by the newly formed mineral phases. With respect to uranium mobilization, uranium migrated from the host alkali feldspar granites of G. Abu Garadi, while the shear zones acted as traps for the migrated uranium. Moreover, U migrated in the shear zone during greisenization and albitization, and migrated out during koalinitization.     

WALL ROCK ALTERATIONS OF HYDROTHERMAL PNEUMATOLYTIC DEPOSITS OF RARE ELEMENTS

The geochemical features of hydrothermal-pneumatolytic rare element deposits are discussed on the basis of a natural connection between high temperature metasomatism phenomena and concentration processes of some rare elements. Two kinds of metasomatic processes are most interesting from the view-point of rare elements (albitization and greisenization). Li and Rb are concentrated in zinnwaldite-bearingalbitized granites and greisens. Nb, Ta (in columbite, pyrochlore, microlite, hatchettolite), Zr (in malacone zyrtolite), Be (beryl) are concentrated in albitized and greisenized granites. The beryllium deposits are closely connected with greisens of different composition, and quartz-greisen veins. The fluorite-bearing metasomatic rocks among carbonate rocks are characterizedby accumulations of Be (chrysoberyl, phenacite, taateite, sianhualite), Li (Li - margarite), Sn (cassiterite). The character of postmagmatic alterations of intrusive and wall rocks is a valuable indicator of the possibility of concentration of different rare elements.—Auth. English Summary.     

CONCERNING THE GENESIS OF NIOBIUM-CONTAINING GRANITES

Niobium-bearing granites in the Soviet Union are described as associated with apices of large granitic intrusives, and it is possible to trace their field relationships into nearby granitic intrusives. Albitization of microcline and quartz,. uneven distribUtion of rock-forming minerals, and rare metal minerals are suggested as metasomatic criteria. Most importantly, niobium and zircon mineralizations have close paragenetic association with the albitization and decrease with depth into the associated granitic intrusives. Hence, this paper presents a method of formation of niobiumcontaining granites resulting from the albitization and metalization of the hoods or apices over igneous granitic bodies. The process is described as a metasomatic one and the author feels that similar niobium-containing granites elsewhere in the world which have been interpreted as magmatic in origin should actually be metasomatic instead and derived by intensive albitization and rare-metal metasomatism, a process which is described and prescribed for the niobium-bearing granites of the U.S.S.R. --Robert M. Hutchinson.     

Petrological and geochemical characteristics of Zhaibei granites in Nanling region,Southeast China: Implications for REE mineralization

Mineralization with ion adsorption rare earth elements (REEs) in the weathering profile of granitoid rocks from Nanling region of Southeast China is an important REE resource, especially for heavy REE (HREE) and Y. However, the Jurassic granites in Zhaibei which host the ion adsorption light REE (LREE) ores are rare. It is of peraluminous and high K calc-alkaline composition, which has similar geochemical features of high K₂O + Na₂O and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y contents and Ga/Al ratio to A-type granite. Based on the chemical discrimination criteria of Eby [Geology 20 (1992) 641], the Zhaibei granite belongs to A1-type and has similar source to ocean island basalts. The rock is enriched in LREE and contains abundant REE minerals including LREE-phosphates and halides. Minor LREE was also determined in the feldspar and biotite, which shows negligible and negative Eu anomalies, respectively. This indicates that the Zhaibei granite was generated by extreme differentiation of basaltic parent magmas. In contrast, granites associated with ion adsorption HREE ores contain amounts of HREE minerals, and show similar geochemical characteristics with fractionated felsic granites. Note that most Jurassic granitoids in the Nanling region contain no REE minerals and cannot produce REE mineralization. They belong to unfractionated M-, I- and S-type granites. Therefore, accumulation of REE in the weathering profile is controlled by primary REE mineral compositions in the granitoids. Intense fractional crystallization plays a role on REE enrichment in the Nanling granitoid rocks.     

The Petrological and Geochemical Evolution of Ediacaran Rare-Metal Bearing A-type Granites from the Jabal Aja Complex, Northern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia

New fieldwork, mineralogical and geochemical data and interpretations are presented for the rare-metal bearing A-type granites of the Aja intrusive complex(AIC) in the northern segment of the Arabian Shield. This complex is characterized by discontinuous ring-shaped outcrops cut by later faulting. The A-type rocks of the AIC are late Neoproterozoic post-collisional granites, including alkali feldspar granite, alkaline granite and peralkaline granite. They represent the outer zones of the AIC, surrounding a core of older rocks including monzogranite, syenogranite and granophyre granite. The sharp contacts between A-type granites of the outer zone and the different granitic rocks of the inner zone suggest that the AIC was emplaced as different phases over a time interval, following complete crystallization of earlier batches. The A-type granites represent the late intrusive phases of the AIC, which were emplaced during tectonic extension, as shown by the emplacement of dykes synchronous with the granite emplacement and the presence of cataclastic features. The A-type granites consist of K-feldspars, quartz, albite, amphiboles and sodic pyroxene with a wide variety of accessory minerals, including Fe-Ti oxides, zircon, allanite, fluorite, monazite, titanite, apatite, columbite, xenotime and epidote. They are highly evolved(71.3–75.8 wt% SiO_2) and display the typical geochemical characteristics of post-collisional, within-plate granites. They are rare-metal granites enriched in total alkalis, Nb, Zr, Y, Ga, Ta, REE with low CaO, MgO, Ba, and Sr. Eu-negative anomalies(Eu/Eu* = 0.17–0.37) of the A-type granites reflect extreme magmatic fractionation and perhaps the effects of late fluid-rock interactions. The chemical characteristics indicate that the A-type granites of the AIC represent products of extreme fractional crystallization involving alkali feldspar, quartz and, to a lesser extent, ferromagnesian minerals. The parent magma was derived from the partial melting of a juvenile crustal protolith with a mantle contribution. Accumulation of residual volatile-rich melt and exsolved fluids in the late stage of the magma evolution produced pegmatite and quartz veins that cut the peripheries of the AIC. Post-magmatic alteration related to the final stages of the evolution of the A-type granitic magma, indicated by alterations of sodic amphibole and sodic pyroxene, hematitization and partial albitization.     

南岭地区钨锡花岗岩的成矿矿物学：概念与实例

南岭地区的钨锡成矿作用与花岗岩岩浆活动有十分密切的关系。花岗岩的物源与成矿元素的初始富集、花岗岩的分异程度和花岗岩中流体性质与活动性集中体现了花岗岩对成矿的控制能力,即花岗岩的成矿能力。初步建立了南岭地区钨锡花岗岩的成矿矿物学研究体系。黑云母、榍石、锆石、锡石、金红石、黑钨矿、白钨矿和钨铁铌矿等是讨论的重点矿物,它们可用于判别花岗岩的成矿能力。首先以矿物晶体化学为基础,介绍了上述矿物在钨锡花岗岩中的岩相学特征、内部构造和矿物化学及其变化,并分别论证了花岗岩原始含矿性、花岗岩结晶演化和花岗岩中成矿元素活动性的矿物学标志;其次,系统对比了南岭地区三类钨锡花岗岩（准铝质含锡花岗岩、过铝质含锡花岗岩和过铝质含钨花岗岩）的成矿矿物学特征。以湖南骑田岭花岗岩复式岩体为实例,进行了芙蓉- 菜岭含锡花岗岩和新田岭含钨花岗岩的成矿矿物学对比研究。前者以黑云母、榍石为典型含锡矿物,它们在流体富集阶段,经热液蚀变作用,导致锡的淋滤和结晶富集作用;后者则以出现岩浆白钨矿和黑钨矿为特征。提出的钨锡花岗岩成矿矿物学研究体系有助于深化矿床学研究和矿床勘探工作,并将在今后工作中进一步完善。     

POST-MAGMATIC HIGH TEMPERATURE METASOMATIC PROCESSES IN GRANITIC ROCKS

Microclinization of granites originally enriched in plagioclase forms 1) porphyritic (porphyroblastic) biotite granites; 2) coarse- to medium-grained (even-grained) biotite-, two-mica, and muscovite granites; and 3) pegmatitic granites. Additional post magmatic metasomatic processes effecting granites are early albitization, greisenization, late albitization, and late microclinization. Maximum relative activity of cations in the evolution of post magmatic solutions may be arranged in the following series: K-Na-Si-Al-Na-K or else (with greisenization stage undeveloped) K-Na-K. This series corresponds to the concept of acidity-alkalinity of high temperature post-magmatic solutions and reflects the changes in their acidity at the various stages of metasomatism.--R. M. Hutchinson.