饵料对花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼存活和生长的影响

采用6种饵料分别投喂花尾胡椒鲷15日龄的仔鱼,15d后测定其成活率、全长、体重和捕苗操作后1d的死亡率。结果表明,投喂经自制的乳化鱼肝油强化的卤虫无节幼体或经自制的乳化鱼肝油强化的卤虫无节幼体加轮虫,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的成活率最高（86％～98％）,生长快,捕苗操作后的死亡率低（0％～2．7％）;投喂轮虫,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的成活率也较高（86％～88％）,但捕苗操作后的死亡率较高（5．9％～9．1％）,而生长最慢;投喂未经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体,仔稚鱼成活率最低（68％～78％）,捕苗操作后的死亡率最高（48．3％～542％）;投喂桡足类或桡足类加轮虫,成活率较高（78％～90％）,捕苗操作后未发现死亡,但生长较慢。龙尾胡椒鲷15日龄仔鱼在停止投饵的情况下,4d即全部死亡。可以认为,经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体是花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的最佳饵料,桡足类也是花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的优质饵料。     

火腿许水蚤对牙鲆仔稚鱼成活、生长及脂肪酸组成的影响

在分析火腿许水蚤、卤虫无节幼体及轮虫这3种饵料生物脂肪酸组成的基础上,研究它们对牙鲆仔稚鱼存活、生长及脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:火腿许水蚤体内3种高度不饱和脂肪酸(ARA,EPA,DHA)总量为34.18%,明显高于其它2种动物的含量(卤虫无节幼体4.67%;小球藻强化轮虫9.39%)。投喂火腿许水蚤的仔鱼成活率极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体的仔鱼,与投喂混合饵料(卤虫无节幼体和火腿许水蚤按比例混合)的仔鱼存活率差异较显著;其全长增长倍数和增重倍数极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体和混合饵料的仔鱼。投喂火腿许水蚤的稚鱼成活率显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体的稚鱼,与投喂混合饵料的稚鱼存活率差异不显著;其全长增长倍数和增重倍数极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体和混合饵料的稚鱼。投火腿许水蚤的仔稚鱼体内ARA、EPA、DHA的含量明显高于投喂混合饵料的和投喂卤虫无节幼体的仔稚鱼。     

饵料对真鲷稚幼鱼存活和生长的影响

采用６种饵料分别投喂秋冬季生殖真鲷的稚鱼,１２ｄ后测定其成活率、全长、体重和捕苗操作后１ｄ的死亡率。结果表明,投喂鲜活轮虫或枝角类,真鲷稚、幼鱼的成活率最高、生长快、捕苗操作后的死亡率低;投喂冰冻的枝角类,真鲷稚、幼鱼的成活率也较高,捕苗操作后的死亡率也很低,但生长较慢;采用未经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体作饵料,稚、幼鱼生长快,但成活率最低,且捕苗操作后的死亡率最高。投喂经乳化鱼肝油强化的卤虫无节幼体     

短角异剑水蚤对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼成活、生长和脂肪酸组成的影响

为评估短角异剑水蚤(Apocyclops royi)作为海水鱼类仔稚鱼的饵料价值和投喂效果,比较分析了其与卤虫无节幼体(Artemia nauplii)的脂肪酸组成及2种生物饵料对克氏双锯鱼(Amphiprion clarkii)稚鱼存活、生长和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果显示,短角异剑水蚤DHA、EPA和ARA含量分别达21.185%、11.088%和3.250%,海水仔稚鱼必需脂肪酸(EFA)总含量高达37.417%,均显著高于卤虫无节幼体。投喂短角异剑水蚤的克氏双锯鱼稚鱼(5~20 d)成活率(80.71%±8.23%)与投喂卤虫无节幼体组(76.30%±7.00%)差异不显著;稚鱼体长(7.75 mm±1.18 mm)、体重(0.0163 g±0.0080 g)和体长特定生长率(3.46%±0.75%)均显著高于卤虫无节幼体投喂组;稚鱼体内DHA(21.843%)、EPA(6.914%)和ARA(2.725%)含量也均显著高于后者。研究表明,短角异剑水蚤适于作为海水鱼类仔稚鱼的生物饵料,在水产养殖中具有广阔的应用前景。     

饵产对花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼存活和生长的影响

采用６种饵料分别投喂花尾胡椒鲷１５日龄的仔鱼,１５ｄ后测定其成活率、全长、体重和捕苗操作后１ｄ的死亡率。结果表明,投喂经自制的乳化鱼肝油强化的卤虫无节幼体或经自制的乳化鱼肝油强化的卤虫无节幼体加轮虫,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的成活率最高（８６％￣９８％）,生长快,捕苗操作后的死亡率低（０％￣２．７％）;投喂轮虫,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的成活率也较高（８６％￣８８％）,但捕苗操作后的死亡率较高（５．９％￣９．１％     

中国对虾人工育苗中直接投喂去壳卤虫卵的饵料效果

为了有效地利用我国大量的低孵化率卤虫卵,我们自1989年—1992年,进行了去壳卤虫卵工厂化生产和在中国对虾育苗中直接投喂去壳卤虫卵的饵料效果的研究,应用结果表明:直接投喂去壳卤虫卵,对虾各期幼体均能正常变态进入仔虾期,其发育速度和密度与投喂卤虫无节幼虫的饵料效果基本相同。     

不同饵料对斜带髭鲷稚鱼生长和存活的影响

采用5种饵产分别投喂斜带髭鲷（Hapalogenys nitens Richardson）33日龄稚鱼，27d后测定其全长和成活率。结果表明，投喂卤虫无节幼体，斜带髭鲷稚鱼生长最快，成活率最高。全长增长达2．22－2．82倍，平均成活率达21．8％－22．5％；投喂枝角类，斜带髭鲷稚鱼生长也较快，全长增长1．99－2．07倍，平均成活率18．2％。投喂轮虫和人 工配合饲料，斜带髭鲷稚鱼的生长和成活率均很低，全长增长分别仅为1．63－1．72倍和1．47－1．56倍，平均成活率分别仅为1．3％－2．0％。投喂卤虫无节幼体和枝角类的试验组，分别有41．2％－100％个体发育至幼鱼阶段，而投喂轮虫和配合饲料的试验组，全部个体仍停留在稚鱼阶段。可以认为，卤虫无节幼体和枝角类是斜带髭鲷稚鱼较适宜的饵料。     

日本对虾幼体对卤虫无节幼体摄食量的研究

在对虾人工育苗生产中,卤虫是重要的生物饵料。卤虫无节幼体营养丰富,能促进对虾幼体的变态发育,提高对虾幼体成活率。但是,对虾早期幼体摄食卤虫能力较弱,若卤虫投喂过量,不仅造成浪费,而且过量的卤虫在育苗池中快速生长,饵料生物成了养殖对象,不利于水质的管理和控制。日本对虾（Ｐｅｎａｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）早期仔虾幼体有相互攻击、残食的习性,若卤虫投喂不足,相互残食的现象将更为严重。因此,了解日本对虾幼体摄食卤虫无节幼体的习性,从而适当掌握卤虫的投喂量,在生产上有着现实的意义。１材料与方法１．１材料实验…     

不同饲料对凡纳对虾幼体生长与发育的影响

采用不同的饲料系列饲养各阶段凡纳对虾(Lito-penaeus vannamei)的幼体和仔虾，实验结果表明：在潘状幼体期(Z)～糠虾幼体Ⅱ期(M2)，投喂骨条藻 人工配合饲料系列，比单纯投喂骨条藻或单纯投喂人工配合饲料的成活率分别高18．5％和26.7％；糠虾Ⅱ期(M2)以后单独投喂人工配合饲料或单独投喂卤虫无节幼体的成活率无明显的差别；在人工育苗后期，用人工配合饲料代替卤虫无节幼体，育苗的成活率并没有下降。     

海水仔稚鱼必需脂肪酸和磷脂的营养需求

仔稚鱼营养研究是鱼类营养研究领域中居国际前沿的研究，在中国尚未引起足够重视。目前，中国的重要养殖海鱼如牙鲆、真鲷、黑鲷、石斑鱼和大菱鲆等，生产性育苗，因在仔稚鱼阶段容易发生大量死亡，成活率一般低于20％。仔稚鱼从吸收卵黄内源营养转变为摄取人工培养的浮游动物或人工配合微粒饲料等外源营养后，某些营养物质的缺乏是导致仔稚鱼大量死亡的一个重要原因。近年来，国外在n．3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 HUFA）、n-6系列高度不饱和脂肪酸（n-6 HUFA）和极性脂——磷脂等方面的脂类营养需求研究已取得重要进展，作者现作一综述，旨在为深入开展海水仔稚鱼的脂类营养需求研究提供参考。     

枝角类在水产养殖中的应用

本文就枝角类与其它活饵的营养成份进行了比较，并阐述了枝角类在海淡水苗种培育和水产饲料中的应用效果、意义，以及蒙古裸腹溞的培养问题.     

Spatial distribution and community structure of phytoplankton,ciliates and zooplankton coupled to environmental factors in the Sousse saltern (Sahel of Tunisia)

The composition and distribution of the main planktonic halophilic microorganisms were studied in 12 ponds of different salinity levels, ranging from 38 to 328, in the saltern of Sousse, Tunisia, in relation to environmental factors. Nutrient concentrations increased with decreasing salinity in the ponds. Phytoplankton, ciliate and zooplankton communities were very diverse and varied spatially in relation to salinity in the ponds and to nutrient availability. Phytoplankton were dominated by diatoms, followed by dinoflagellates, in primary ponds where salinities were <100, and by the Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae in ponds with higher salinity. Zooplankton were dominated by copepods in the ponds of lowest salinity and by the brine shrimp Artemia salina in the most saline ponds. Within the planktonic community as a whole, diatoms, Spirotrichaea and copepods (68.9%, 89.9% and 71.05%, respectively) dominated in the lower-salinity ponds whereas Chlorophyceae, heterotrichs and Artemia salina (49.19%, 50.4% and 90%, respectively) dominated in the ponds of higher salinity. Despite the considerable constraint imposed by salinity, other environmental factors such as temperature also play a role in regulating the planktonic communities.     

福州沿海龟足的食性研究

龟足（Capitulum mitella Linnaeus）的食物组成可分为4类,动物性食物、植物性食物、有机碎屑和无机颗粒。动物性食物主要以桡足类为主,植物性食物主要以硅藻类为主,有机碎屑在龟足的食物组成中占据重要地位。龟足食物的食物多样性指数在夏季最高,冬季最低。小规格龟足主要摄食植物性食物和有机碎屑,未见摄食动物...     

DNA identification of the phyllosoma diet of Jasus edwardsii and Scyllarus sp. Z

The development of an effective artificial larval diet has been a major stumbling block for advancing the aquaculture of spiny lobsters internationally. Attempts to determine the natural diet of spiny lobster larvae have been impeded by their small size and sparse distribution in the open ocean, making these larvae difficult to study using conventional methods. Recent advances in molecular genetic techniques have provided a novel route for identifying the natural prey of spiny lobster larvae (phyllosoma). In this study, sequences from zooplankton found associated with phyllosomas, along with sequences from GenBank, were used to design a suite of group-specific primers. These primers were able to amplify via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a short (100–200 base pair) DNA fragment from the 16S or COI locus of potential prey but not from lobster. These methods were applied to four wild-caught phyllosomas of Jasus edwardsii and two phyllosomas of Scyllarus sp. Z. Gadiforme, Cnidaria, Gastropoda and Decapoda crustacean (non-lobster) DNA sequences were obtained from the gut contents of these lobster larvae and inferred as prey. These initial results confirm previous studies using other less definitive methods which have indicated that phyllosomas are opportunistic predators of a wide range of zooplankton taxa.     

Distribution characteristics of zooplankton biomass in the East China Sea

On the basis of the data of oceanographic survey in the East China Sea in four seasons during 1997-2000 (23°30'~33°00'N, 118°30'-128°E), the variation of total biomass and diet biomass of zooplankton and their spatial-temporal distribution and relationship with the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus are approached and analyzed. The results show that the average biomass is 65.32 mg/m3 in four seasons, autumn (86.18 mg/m3) being greater than summer (69.18 mg/m3) greater than spring (55.67 mg/m3) greater than winter (50.33 mg/m3). The average value of diet zooplankton biomass is 40.9 mg/m3. The trends of horizontal distribution both in the total biomass and the diet biomass of zooplankton are similar. The high biomass region (250-500 mg/m3) is very limited, only accounting for 1% of the investigation area. Seasonal variation of the biomass is very remarkable in the west and north parts of East China Sea coastal waters ( 29°30'N,125°E). The horizontal distribution of diet zooplankton depends on the     

Distribution characteristics of zooplankton biomass in the East China Sea

On the basis of the data of oceanographic survey in the East China Sea in four seasons during 1997～2000 (23°30′～33°00′N,118°30′～ 128°E), the variation of total biomass and diet biomass of zooplankton and their spatial-temporal distribution and relationship with the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus are approached and analyzed. The results show that the average biomass is 65.32 mg/m3 in four seasons, autumn (86.18 mg/m3) being greater than summer (69.18 mg/m3) greater than spring (55.67 mg/m3) greater than winter (50.33 mg/m3). The average value of diet zooplankton hiomass is 40.9 mg/m3.The trends of horizontal distribution both in the total biomass and the diet biomass of zooplankton are similar. The high biomass region (250～500 mg/m3) is very limited, only accounting for 1% of the investigation area. Seasonal variation of the biomass is very remarkable in the west and north parts of East China Sea coastal waters (29°30'N,125°E). The horizontal distribution of diet zooplankton depends on the abundance distribution of crustacean. The distribution of diet zooplankton is related to the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus and the high-density area of young fish and larval. In spring, the central fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus (>100 kg/h) and the high-density area of young fish and larval (>100 individuals per net) are located at the same place of high-density (100～250 mg/m3)area of diet zooplankton in the middle-southern part of East China Sea or the edge of its waters.     

象山港冬季浮游动物的分布

对2002年12月象山港海区的浮游动物种类组成和数量分布特征及其与环境的关系进行了研究。结果表明,象山港海区出现浮游动物44种,可以划分为4个生态类群,其中近岸低盐性类群的种类较多,其优势种有真刺唇角水蚤Labidoceraeuchaeta、驼背隆哲水蚤Acro-calanusgibber、中华哲水蚤Calanussinicus、中华假磷虾Pseudeuphausiasinica和拿卡箭虫Sagittanagae等,半咸水河口类群、暖水性外海类群和广盐暖水性类群的种数均较少。浮游动物生物量的分布趋势与丰度的一致。湾顶部水域浮游动物的生物量和丰度都出现最高值,从湾顶部往湾口方向,浮游动物的生物量和丰度均呈逐渐降低的趋势。象山港海区周日连续站观测的结果显示,夜间半日潮时浮游动物的生物量和丰度均高于白昼半日潮时,低平潮时浮游动物的生物量与丰度均出现了最高值。     

锯缘青蟹幼体饵料蛋白质的营养价值评价

本文分析测定了锯缘青蟹幼体从刚孵化至大眼幼体各发育阶段及其饵料轮虫和卤虫无节幼体的氨基酸组成，并使用必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)来评价饵料蛋白质的质量.结果表明，青蟹各期幼体的氨基酸组成基本趋于一致，且与饵料转换不存在明显的相关性.对于各期幼体，饵料轮虫和卤虫无节幼体的必需氨基酸指数均大于90，可以认为，轮虫和卤虫无节幼体能够满足锯缘青蟹幼体对饵料中必需氨基酸的营养需求.     

东海浮游动物生物量分布特征

根据1997～2000年东海海域23°30'～33°00'N,118°30'～128°00'E分别进行4个季节的海洋调查资料,对东海区浮游动物总生物量及饵料生物量的数量变动,时空分布及与鱼渔场关系作了分析.结果表明,四季总生物量均值为65.32mg/m3,其中秋季大于夏季大于春季大于冬季;饵料浮游动物生物量均值为40.9mg/m3,约占总生物量的60%,其中秋季大于夏季大于冬季大于春季.总生物量与饵料生物量平面分布趋势基本一致,高生物量(250～500mg/m3)区分布范围极小,一般占总调查面积的1%～4%.东海北部近海125°00'E以西,29°30'N以北水域生物量季节变化最明显.饵料浮游动物生物量平面分布取决于甲壳动物丰度的分布.饵料浮游动物生物量与鳀鱼中心渔场及其仔、稚鱼高密集区分布存在着较好的对应关系,春季鳀鱼中心渔场(>100kg/h1)和仔、稚鱼高密集区(≥100尾/网)位于东海中南部(28°00'～29°30'N)饵料浮游动物最高生物量(100～250mg/m3)密集区内或边缘水域.     

日本鬼

选用脊尾白虾对日本鬼鱼由亲鱼人工驯化投饵促熟.以扇贝卵子和轮虫作为育苗开口饵料,以卤虫幼体和蒙古裸腹氵蚤经营养强化作为育苗饵料,并对投饵技术进行调整改进.