AST3图像相减测光模板系统设计

AST3是将要安装于位于南极内陆冰穹A的昆仑站的3台口径50 cm的施密特望远镜,寻找变源(尤其是瞬间变源)是其科考目标之一,需要通过图像相减测光方法实现.首先需要根据初期的观测数据生成标准模板图像,而后在长期观测过程中,将模板图像与新观测到的图像进行相减测光处理,从而发现变源.模板在观测中起着举足轻重的作用,给出了模板制作的流程,并且验证了其可实现性和功能的正确性.     

空间碎片观测中拖长星像的测光

提出空间碎片观测中对拖长背景恒星的测光算法,介绍了该方法的基本原理.利用迭代法对目标图像进行局部阈值分割提取,得到的二值图像通常包含多个连通域.最后对各连通域块检测判断,计算出目标的星等,达到测光的目的.通过与天文图像和数据处理软件IRAF的测光结果对比,此算法的误差在0.02mag左右,可以达到测光的要求.     

CCD图像相对测光中的技术研究与精度回报现象

天体随时间的光度变化能够反映其物理性质,高精度测光技术有助于我们更好地分析与探究天体的光变情况,对天体的演化研究有重要意义.介绍了相关的测光工具与技术,探索了把MaxIm DL与photutils测光库相结合的测光技术及应用,提出了连续图像中各星像测光数据快速匹配的解决方案.通过分析中国科学院云南天文台1m光学望远镜拍...     

基于GPU的HOTPANTS并行优化

HOTPANTS是天文领域的重要工具,它主要是天文图像相减技术的具体实现,在凌日行星观测、引力透镜观测、寻找超新星以及发现天文现象的数据处理中发挥着重要作用。现阶段HOTPANTS经常被用在天文实时观测数据处理的流水线上,但是HOTPANTS在处理大规模的天文图像(7 K×7 K-10 K×10 K)时十分耗时。在分析HOTPANTS的性能瓶颈之后,提出并实现了基于图形处理器(Graphic Processing Unit,GPU)的HOTPANTS的并行优化方法。优化的HOTPANTS在处理大规模图像时,整体性能提升了2~3.5倍,卷积部分计算效率提升了6~13倍,并且通过图形处理器优化之后HOTPANTS的误差在天文领域是可以接受的。     

BL Lac天体ON231的CCD测光积分时间与测光误差分析

积分时间对CCD测光结果的误差有很大影响.利用云南天文台1 m望远镜对BLLac天体ON231进行了I波段不同积分时间的观测,获得了I波段BL Lac天体ON231 CCD测光积分时间与测光误差的关系.结果表明,当BL Lac天体ON231处于低态时,在I波段的最佳积分时间约为294 s,此时测光误差最小.     

大天区望远镜中sCMOS相机的测光精度分析

与传统CCD (Charge Coupled Device)相机相比, s COMS (scientific Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)相机被广泛装备于超大天区巡天设备,与传统CCD相机不同的是sCMOS相机采用卷帘式快门,因此对其进行测光精度的分析工作是很有意义的.首先,将s CMOS相机拍摄的图像与UCAC2 (The Second U.S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog)星表进行匹对,识别图像中的UCAC2标准星.接着对图中的标准星进行测光并提取测光数据进行最小二乘直线拟合,获得了相应的系统转换系数并得到仪器星等至标准星等的转换公式.然后,将转化后的仪器星等和标准星等做差并计算相应的均方根误差.最后,利用计算得到的均方根误差评估sCMOS相机的测光精度,并将标准星按星等划分后,分析了相应的测光误差.计算结果表明在标准测光夜测量亮度亮于14等的星时,测光精度优于0.15 mag.通过实测精度分析可知卷帘快门sCOMS相机具有较高的测光精度,基本满足空间碎片巡天观测的要求.     

面向类旋涡星系盘有效厚度的获取及图像处理方法

面向类(face-on)旋涡星系盘的有效厚度或标高不能通过表面亮度测光的方式测量.为了获得面向类旋涡星系盘的厚度参数,将基于三维星系盘引力势Poisson方程在等角对数螺旋型物质密度扰动情形下的解,运用一种解析法对面向类旋涡星系盘的标高进行测算.为了去除星系核球的光污染而获得旋臂最内点位置(r0)的重要参数,使用了在星系观测图像中扣除双成份(盘+核球)测光模型的图像处理方法.通过对旋涡星系相关结构参数的拟合测量,各得到了一个普通旋涡星系(S)与棒旋星系(SB)的有效厚度与相关参数,并给出了它们的球盘比(rb/rd)和星系盘的标长与厚度之比(rd/H).采用这种在观测图像中扣除双成份测光模型的方法,将更容易看清旋臂结构的最内端,因而这里获得的禁区半径r0的数值往往比从原星系图像上直接测量的数值要小,获得的星系盘有效厚度将更薄.     

基于Python的自动测光程序设计与实现

本文基于Python设计和实现自动测光程序。首先扫描文件名实现文件分类;然后进行数据检查、预处理与孔径测光,并保存测光数据;最终由观测者指定目标星与比较星,程序从测光结果中提取相应星等与观测时间等数据,获得基于较差测光法的光变曲线。为解决数据提取中星图匹配问题,提出自动追踪移动目标的基于向量特征星图匹配算法,能自动匹配偏移较大的星图,并跟踪不断移动的小行星。使用本程序分别处理双星和小行星观测数据,并与IRAF(Image Reducation and Analysis Facility)测光结果比较,测光结果最大偏差分别为0.04 mag和0.043 mag,标准偏差分别为±0.005 mag和±0.007 mag。     

面向天体测量的矮行星Haumea相对测光试验

使用紫金山天文台姚安观测站80 cm望远镜在2022年2月至4月对矮行星Haumea进行了两轮观测。对所有的观测图像使用干涉条纹剔除技术,并利用相对测光导出了Haumea的仪器星等,最后对两轮光度测量结果进行归一化处理以便联合分析。通过相位弥散最小化(Phase Dispersion Minimization, PDM)方法以及Lomb-Scargle周期图法分别求得了Haumea的自转周期。两种方法求得的自转周期结果仅相差0.072 s,这表明所求周期具有良好的一致性。Haumea光度测量结果显示明显的双峰自转光变曲线,自转周期为3.915 4±0.000 2 h,峰峰值幅度为0.26±0.01 mag。通过导出的自转光变曲线,最终估计了Haumea由于自转产生的光度变化对位置测量的影响最大为-9～9 mas。这一测光观测对后续高精度天体位置测量具有基础意义。     

畸变全日面观测图像的修复

欠佳的平场改正或者不理想的光路会导致全日面观测图像的畸变。针对这一问题,提出了一种解决方案,并给出了详细的算法描述。,该算法的核心是扣除一个均匀的径向轮廓曲线,然后在残差图像上进行大尺度中值滤波以获得光滑的改正曲面。通过这一算法,可以极大改善全日面图像的畸变,提高图像质量。最后还对该方法的局限性进行了讨论。     

A new algorithm for differential photometry: computing anoptimum artificial comparison star

Our new algorithm for differential photometry solves the problem of identifying proper comparison stars without a prior detailed study of the field of view. The comparison stars' variability is determined in a self‐consistent way, and their weighted average is used as a reference level. The maximum error in differential photometry using objects and reference stars of different spectral types is estimated. The results from these calculations show that the photometric band chosen greatly determines the level of accuracy achieved. Finally, an important application of high‐precision differential photometry are planetary transits. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于CSST多色测光的时序测光精度分析

中国巡天空间望远镜(Chinese Survey Space Telescope, CSST)是中国的首个大型空间光学望远镜, 将对包括系外行星探测在内的诸多科学目标开展研究, 有望取得前沿科学进展. 时序测光精度是CSST重要的性能指标, 受到物理噪声和仪器噪声的影响, 需要通过数值模拟对其分析和评估. 模拟基于目前公布的CSST主要技术参数, 建立了时序的恒星信号和噪声模型, 以CSST的i波段为例, 分析凝视观测模式下的测光精度. 通过数值仿真, 展示了孔径测光中各项噪声的贡献, 特别是由指向抖动和像素响应不均匀性导致的抖动噪声. 模拟结果还给出了测光孔径的推荐范围. 为了获得更高的信噪比, 可以减小仪器抖动振幅和像素不均匀性, 或者采用参考星较差测光的方式. 结果为CSST后续的时序测光精度与不同指标参数的相关性分析、系外行星探测能力评估以及测光数据处理提供了模拟数据的支撑.     

UBV光电测光系统的转换方程和精度比较

根据对鬼星团中Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ测光标准星的观测，我们研究了北京天文台６０ｃｍ望远镜直流光电光度计ＵＢＶ测光系统的转换方程．应用该方程推算了对三颗变星观测得到的ＵＢＶ星等，讨论了所得光变曲线的精度，并与较差方法所得结果进行了比较     

The EC 14026 stars — IX. KPD 2109+4401

The results of 37 h of high-speed photometry of KPD 2109+4401 are described. At least five periodicities in the range 182–198 s are consistently present in the observations, with amplitudes in the range 1–6 mmag. Results of simultaneous multicolour high-speed photometry with the Stiening photometer are also presented; these data could in principle be used for mode identification of the periodicities. The results of a preliminary study suggest that the pulsations may all be ℓ = 1 and 2 modes. Properties of the star are compared with those of the other EC 14026 stars.     

A search for superhumps in the cataclysmic variable SW Sextantis

We present differential photometry of the cataclysmic variable star SW Sextantis. A time series analysis was performed in search of superhumps in the accretion disk of this star, which is the prototype of a class of cataclysmic variables, the SW Sex stars. We find no superhumps, which shows that the presence of superhumps is not a defining feature of the SW Sex stars.     

关于地平式反射望远镜的CCD平场(英文)

现有标准设计的反光望远镜在拍摄CCD平场时,绝大多数都受残留散射光的影响.但是赤道式与地平式反光镜所受影响是不同的.在赤道式上做时间序列较差测光时,只要待测星永远位于CCD的固定像元上,不太准确的CCD平场也能得到高精度的测光结果.当需要0.1%～0.3%精度的平场时,则可以采用夜天平场.地平式的特点是,它的CCD相机必须置于旋转器上,在跟踪天体时不停地旋转,以抵消地球自转的影响.上述用于赤道式的方法失效,因此,在CCD平场时,消除散射光的影响比赤道式更为重要.一个典型的地平式反光镜的例子是NAOC兴隆天文台的EOS 1米镜.虽然该台已附加了防散射光的装置,但是对所有B、V、R、I滤光片,在不同旋转器位置拍摄的CCD平场,仍然有2%～3%的差别(主要是梯度).该文给出了改进的建议,必须满足下面两个条件:Cij=C(r);旋转器的中心与反光镜的光学中心重合.此问题的解决对所有地平式反光望远镜都有普遍意义.     

New Semi-Automated Photometric Telescope at the Skalnate Pleso Observatory

A semi-automated photometric telescope built at the Skalnate Pleso Observatory is described. In December 2000, the 0.3-m f/5 Zeiss astrograph was replaced by a 0.61-m f/4.3 mirror telescope equipped with a CCD camera. The observing programme is created to conform to the photometry of asteroids which are suspected to be of binary nature; photometry of NEAs and MBAs; a long-term photometry for theoretical modelling of the shape of asteroids; and photometry and astrometry of active comets and asteroids. Some results concerning the binary character of the asteroids are described in the paper.     

Variable stars in the globular cluster M5: application of the image subtraction method

We present V -band light curves of 61 variables from the core of the globular cluster M5 obtained using a newly developed image subtraction method (ISM). Four of these variables were previously unknown. Only 26 variables were found in the same field using photometry obtained with dophot software. Fourier parameters of the ISM light curves have relative errors up to 11 times smaller than parameters measured from dophot photometry. We conclude that the new method is very promising for searching for variable stars in the cores of the globular clusters and gives very accurate relative photometry with quality comparable to photometry obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope . We also show that the variable V104 is not an eclipsing star as has been suggested, but is an RRc star showing non-radial pulsations.     

An asteroseismic study of the β Cephei star θ Ophiuchi: photometric results

We have carried out a three-site photometric campaign for the β Cephei star θ Oph from 2003 April to August. 245 h of differential photoelectric u v y photometry were obtained during 77 clear nights. The frequency analysis of our measurements has resulted in the detection of seven pulsation modes within a narrow frequency interval between 7.116 and 7.973 c d⁻¹. No combination or harmonic frequencies have been found. We have performed a mode identification of the individual pulsations from our colour photometry that shows the presence of one radial mode, one rotationally split  ℓ= 1  triplet and possibly three components of a rotationally split  ℓ= 2  quintuplet. We discuss the implications of our findings and point out the similarity of the pulsation spectrum of θ Oph to that of another β Cephei star, V836 Cen.     

Pulsation stability of helium-rich subdwarf B stars

We present results of the pulsation monitoring of helium-rich subdwarf B (He-sdB) stars using high-speed differential photometry observations made with the SAAO (1.0m), NOT (2.6m) and the IAC80 (0.8m) telescopes. Although we did not find a pulsator in our sample of He-sdB stars, some of the stars show hints of pulsations which need further investigation.