浅层黄土滑坡易发性评价：以晋西黄土区蔡家川农地小流域为例

黄土高原中部地区极端暴雨事件频发,引发大面积浅层滑坡和泥流灾害。随着全球变暖,降雨增加,中国西北黄土高原植被覆盖发生显著变化,不考虑植被因素的黄土滑坡易发性分区的评价方法需要改进。本文以晋西黄土区蔡家川流域农地小流域为研究对象,基于暴雨前后流域高分辨率图像、数字高程模型,野外滑坡调查和室内岩土测试,利用半定量的信息量模型、信息量-逻辑回归耦合模型和定量的物理模型,按有植被和无植被两种工况开展了浅层黄土滑坡易发性分区,并评估模型精度。结果表明：考虑植被时,半定量模型获取的易发性指数均下降,物理模型计算的稳定区面积显著增大,说明植被对浅层滑坡有抑制作用;考虑植被时,各个模型的评价精度都有所提高,信息量-逻辑回归耦合模型的精度高于信息量模型,物理模型的精度整体高于两个半定量模型。研究结果可为以暴雨滑坡为主要类型的小流域水土流失预测预报提供参考。     

GIS支持下三峡库区秭归县滑坡灾害空间预测

基于GIS空间分析和统计模型相结合进行区域评价与空间预测是滑坡灾害研究的重要方向之一。以三峡库区秭归县为研究区,选择坡度、坡向、边坡结构、工程岩组、排水系统、土地利用和公路开挖作为评价因子。为提高模型的预测精度、可信度和推广能力,利用窗口采样规则降低训练样本之间的空间相关性。建立Logistic回归模型,对滑坡灾害与评价因子进行定量相关性分析。计算研究区滑坡灾害易发性指数,对其进行聚类分析,绘制滑坡易发性分区图,其中高、中易发区占整个研究区面积的38.9%,主要分布在人类工程活动频繁和靠近排水系统的区域。经过验证,该模型的预测精度达到77.57%。     

不完备样本条件下基于支持向量回归模型的滑坡易发性评价

区域滑坡易发性评价对灾害中长期预测预报具有重要意义,在基于统计模型进行评价过程中,样本选取对评价结果有较大影响,构建较稳健的、受样本数量影响小的分析模型非常重要。本文以马来西亚热带雨林地区为例,选择坡度、坡向、地表曲率、地貌类型、岩性、构造、土地覆盖、道路和排水系统等9大要素作为评价因子,结合支持向量回归(SVR)模型计算研究区滑坡易发性指数,并探讨不完备样本条件下易发性评价方法,分析样本数量和评价精度之间的关系。结果显示,基于SVR模型进行该区滑坡易发性分析评价,其成功率验证法的描述精度约为95.9%;同时,样本数量的增减对分析精度影响较小;SVR方法是一种适于热带雨林地区高植被覆盖条件下的分析模型,可为今后同类地区的滑坡灾害管理工作提供支持。     

基于地质灾害易发程度分区的滑坡预报模型

利用1980～2006年重庆市山体滑坡个例,根据重庆市国土资源局对重庆市地质灾害易发程度等级区划对滑坡个例进行了分类统计.结果表明,降水对不同滑坡危险等级区域的影响是不同的,越容易产生滑坡的区域其前期降水对其的潜在影响越大.根据前期不同量级降水诱发的滑坡发生概率,拟合出了不同地质易发分区的前期降水对滑坡的贡献率指数方程和山体滑坡有效降水量方程,在此基础上建立起了重庆市不同地质灾害易发程度灾害区内山体滑坡预报指标模型,为开展重庆市精细化山体滑坡气象条件等级预报打下良好的基础.     

模拟流域地貌发育过程的空间数据获取与分析

运用数字摄影测量与GIS技术对人工模拟降雨条件下小流域模型地貌发育过程进行了动态监测研究,获得了小流域模型不同发育阶段地貌形态高精度、高分辨率的DEM数据、等高线、纵横剖面等数据,计算出了流域模型各种地貌形态参数,并利用GIS技术进行流域发育过程的空间形态进行了可视化和空间分析.研究表明,数字摄影测量与GIS技术可准确快速获取流域地貌形态的相关参数及小流域土壤侵蚀的空间定量分布,对于黄土高原小流域降雨侵蚀产沙过程与地貌形态特征定量作用关系研究及小流域土壤侵蚀预报模型建立具有重要科学意义.     

基于SINMAP模型的区域滑坡危险性定量评估及模型验证

利用稳定态水文学理论与无限斜坡稳定性模型,构建分布式斜坡稳定性定量评估模型SINMAP,以坡体滑塌十分发育的陕西省略阳县为试验区,利用Grid DEM提取坡度、流向、地形湿度指数和有效汇水面积等流域地形水文数据,将GIS专题图、遥感数据等作为模型输入数据,获得地表斜坡稳定性分级专题图,实现滑坡危险性定量评估;将模型模拟结果与目前国内最具有权威性的中国县(市)地质灾害调查结果进行对比分析,发现两者在稳定性分级标准划分、滑坡点定性评价、滑坡危险性分区等方面都具有很好的相似性和可比性,说明模型的模拟结果能够客观反映研究区地表滑坡危险性,对可能出现的滑坡具有一定的预测精度。因此,该模型的研究有望为定量分析区域滑坡与环境因子的关系、区域滑坡预测等工作奠定基础。     

基于RS-SVM模型的滑坡易发性评价因子选择方法研究

为提高滑坡易发性评价的精度和准确性,利用粗糙集理论和支持向量机模型进行滑坡易发性评价因子选择。以三峡库区秭归到巴东段为研究区,首先通过相关分析和主成分变换对初始滑坡评价因子进行筛减与合并,将剩余的评价因子分为控制因素和影响因素,采用粗糙集理论分别对其进行属性约简,生成核因子集。然后,利用核因子集对支持向量机模型进行训练和预测,得到滑坡易发性评价结果,其预测精度和曲线下面积分别为76.9%和0.939。最后,将两种传统的对所有滑坡评价因子一同进行筛选的方法用于该研究区的滑坡易发性评价,并将传统方法与该方法的评价结果进行比较,结果表明,该文所提出的滑坡评价因子选择方法的精度和准确性均优于传统方法。     

基于二元逻辑回归模型的新疆果子沟滑坡风险区划

新疆果子沟区域是我国与中亚地区社会、经济、文化交流的重要通道以及我国石油、天然气等能源资源安全大通道,沿途滑坡灾害频发,威胁人类安全、影响社会、经济发展,但该区域针对滑坡灾害的研究程度较低,需借助滑坡灾害易发性分析与风险等级评估结果指导防灾减灾。本文基于GF-1号卫星影像数据进行滑坡解译,选取地层岩性、断层密度、坡度、坡向、地表高程、植被指数等6个评估因子,探讨运用GIS、RS技术及统计分析模型进行滑坡灾害易发性分析与建模。基于频率比法分析各因子敏感性,利用二元Logistic回归模型进行灾害易发性分析,将研究区滑坡灾害风险分为极低、低、中、高、极高五个等级。将模型计算结果与历史滑坡信息进行比较,并借助ROC Curve检验模型准确性,AUC为0.844,表明模型预测结果具有较高准确性,因此建立的分析模型可以满足新疆果子沟区域滑坡灾害分析与评估应用,研究成果可为研究区重大线型工程保护、边坡加固提供辅助决策支持。     

基于证据权模型的川藏铁路加查——朗县段滑坡易发性评价

川藏铁路加查至朗县段地处西藏自治区东南部,该区新构造活动强烈,地质构造复杂且历史强震频发,一系列大型—巨型滑坡在该区密集分布。本文基于滑坡遥感解译和野外地质灾害调查,建立了川藏铁路加查—朗县段的滑坡空间数据库,选取高程、坡度、坡向、平面曲率、地层岩性、距河流距离、距断裂带距离、距道路距离、植被归一化指数(NDVI)以及年平均降雨量等10个滑坡影响因子,基于ArcGIS软件平台和证据权模型,进行滑坡易发性评价。根据滑坡易发性指数(LSI)的分布特征,结合野外地质调查的认识,将研究区内的滑坡易发程度划分为4个级别,即极高易发区、高易发区、中易发区和低易发区,分别占研究区总面积的17.43%、22.64%、32.21%和27.72%。分析表明,极高易发区和高易发区主要分布在人类工程活动较多的研究区西南部,沿着雅鲁藏布江及其支流呈带状分布,中、低易发区主要分布在植被覆盖率较高、人类工程活动相对较少的东北部。极高易发区和高易发区内发育的滑坡数量约占已调查识别滑坡总数的88%,研究结果与已知滑坡的分布情况较吻合,采用成功率曲线对易发性评价结果进行检验,正确率达到了83%,具有较高的精度。易发性评价结果较好地反映了研究区内滑坡发育分布现状,可以为该区重大工程规划建设和防灾减灾提供理论指导和参考依据。     

鄂西南山区小区域大比例尺滑坡灾害易发性及其精度评价

小范围大比例尺地质灾害易发性评价面临时空数据精度或质量不满足理论要求的现状。如何利用有限的数据实现相对可靠的评价结果,是论文研究的主要目的。论文选取湖北省五峰县渔洋关镇为研究区域,考虑水文、地形、岩性分布、历史灾害规模等因素讨论了斜坡单元的划分方法;将证据权模型分析所得滑坡易发性值转换至各斜坡单元,绘制基于斜坡单元的研究区易发性评价分级图;分别采用ROC曲线和野外核查手段,评价了易发性结论的成功率和预测率。研究表明,斜坡单元的划分一方面要符合实际地形,另一方面更应体现单元的地质差异性;栅格计算结论转化为斜坡单元的表达成果、精度分析的注重和野外核查工作的开展是保证分析结果可靠性的有效途径;湖北省五峰县渔洋关镇易发性评价成功率和预测率分别为84%和74%,野外验核与理论分析结果的一致性较高。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,