实时GPS精密卫星钟差估计及实时精密单点定位

研究了GPS实时精密卫星钟差的估计方法,并将实时钟差应用于实时精密单点定位。采用自编软件,依据全球均匀分布的IGS参考站实测数据,基于非差消电离层组合载波和伪距观测量实现了GPS实时精密卫星钟差估计。试验结果表明,自主估计的实时卫星钟差与IGS发布的最终精密钟差具有较好一致性,互差优于0.2ns;用于实时精密单点定位,能够获得静态定位1~2cm、仿动态定位厘米级精度。     

不同星历和钟差产品的PPP验潮试验及结果分析

基于动态精密单点定位(PPP)技术,借助研制的PPP软件,采用IGR、IGU等快速星历和钟差产品,进行了海上船载PPP验潮试验,并对其精度进行了分析。结果表明:与传统RTK验潮技术相比,海上PPP验潮的精度优于0.1m,能够满足海上OBC地震勘探等工作对潮汐数据的精度要求;基于IGU星历的PPP验潮方法的时延较短,更加符合海洋潮汐数据的时效性需求。     

基于ADS40的海岛航空影像空中三角测量精度分析

利用ADS40线阵数字相机获取的影像,选取典型岛屿区域,分别采用了基站差分无控制点参与平差计算、基站差分有控制点参与平差计算、精密单点定位无控制点参与平差计算和精密单点定位有控制点参与平差计算四种方案进行试验和精度分析,得出了试验结论。     

卫星钟差稀疏自回归预报模型的研究

精密卫星时钟产品是进行高精度定位应用的重要基础,不断提高卫星时钟误差的预测精度是十分必要的。使用具有周期项的多项式预报模型对卫星钟差中的系统确定性误差进行预测,已广泛应用于精密单点定位技术。此模型在进行卫星钟差预报时,无法对时钟的随机性误差进行预测。使用稀疏化理论对自回归模型参数进行稀疏,降低模型非必要参数的影响,修正模型预报误差。结果表明:该方法能够有效提高卫星钟差短期预报的精度。     

海洋测绘中精密单点定位精度适用性分析

目前IGS共提供6类精度和时效性不同的精密星历产品,为了验证不同精度和时效性的IGS精密星历产品在海洋测绘中的适用情况,使用6类不同的IGS精密星历产品,分别对固定点观测数据和海上浮动点观测数据进行精密单点定位解算,并对解算结果分别进行比对分析和统计。固定点比对结果表明,IGS和IGR精密星历精密单点定位解算在平面位置方向均能达到平均8厘米的外符合精度,IGU00至IGU18精密单点定位解算精度稍差,平面外符合精度在10～13cm,且精度随着发布时间的推迟而提高;PPP潮位的解算结果表明,从IGS至IGU18,高程方向的解算精度相当,和固定潮位站的数据相比,均方根差在16～18cm。     

迈向实时位置服务的精密单点定位技术

介绍近年来随着GNSS技术向大范围、高精度、动态实时定位服务技术迈进,精密单点定位技术研究在实时轨道钟差数据获取,非差模糊度固定技术及在线精密单点定位服务系统方面取得的研究进展。总结了这些领域新出现的主要技术、算法和相关产品,并展望了未来精密单点定位技术的发展方向。     

基于非差精密单点定位技术反演大气综合水汽含量

比较了Saastamoinen模型、UNB3模型和改进的Hopfield模型受纬度、高程和时间影响的不同特性。采用SuomiNet提供的数据进行计算验证,给出适合水汽反演的对流层延迟模型。依据估计的对流层天顶湿延迟反演大气综合水汽含量,通过与网解值对比,验证非差精密单点定位技术反演的大气综合水汽含量,能够达到双差网解方式的精度。     

GPS精密单点定位数据解算的精度对比

分别采用GAMIT和GrafNav两种不同的软件对南海区域不同时间、不同地点所测得的GPS精密单点定位数据进行了解算,并对同一数据的解算结果进行了精度分析。研究结果表明:这两种方法解算所得结果互差达到厘米级,说明GrafNav满足GPS精密单点定位数据解算要求,具有一定的应用参考价值。     

基于RTS的海上实时精密单点定位精度分析

组织实施了连续一周的渤海湾船载动态GPS定位试验,对BNC软件客户端接收的IGS实时数据流4种综合产品(IGC01、IGS01、IGS02和IGS03)的数据可用性和精度进行了验证;对基于RTS改正的船载实时精密单点定位的精度进行了分析。结果表明,4种RTS产品的数据可用率均在90%以上,其中IGS01的数据可用率最高为97.68%;以IGS最终精密星历和钟差产品为参考,4种RTS轨道产品在X、Y、Z方向的精度(RMS)均优于4cm,钟差产品的精度(STD)优于0.2ns;以采用IGS最终精密星历和钟差产品的事后PPP结果为参考,基于RTS的船载RTPPP的水平方向精度优于7cm,高程方向精度为12cm,三维位置精度约为15cm。     

基于双差动态定位的近实时潮位变化反演

基于GAMIT TRACK双差动态定位模块计算海洋潮汐.将不同基线组合下的计算结果分别与压力式验潮仪记录值比对,验证该方法的可行性和适应性;比较不同星历和基线组合的结果,得出在150km基线以内,采用IGS最终星历得到的潮位变化结果精度最高,但不具备实时性;超快速星历结果精度稍次之,可以用于实时GPS验潮;广播星历结果...     

Signal quality analysis and quality check of BDS3 Precise Point Positioning in the Arctic Ocean

This study analyzes the signal quality and the accuracy of BeiDou 3 rd generation Satellite Navigation System(BDS3) Precise Point Positioning(PPP) in the Arctic Ocean. Assessment of signal quality of BDS3 includes signal to noise ratio(SNR), multipath(MP), dilution of precision(DOP), and code-minus-carrier combination(CC). The results show that, 5 to 13 satellites are visible at any time in the Arctic Ocean area as of September 2018, which are sufficient for positioning. In the mid-latitude ocea...     

基于GPS精密单点定位技术的水深测量

首先阐述了水深测量的两种作业模式：传统人工验潮水深测量和GPS无验潮水深测量，对两种作业方式作了简单的比较。简要介绍了GPS精密单点定位（PPP）的基本原理，给出了GPS无验潮水深测量数学模型。然后，针对传统水深测量作业模式的弊端，提出采用GPS精密单点定位技术进行无验潮水深测量作业，并从静态和动态定位两个方面验证了PPP技术进行无验潮水深测量作业的可行性。     

New buoy observation system for tsunami and crustal deformation

We have developed a new system for real-time observation of tsunamis and crustal deformation using a seafloor pressure sensor, an array of seafloor transponders and a Precise Point Positioning (PPP ) system on a buoy. The seafloor pressure sensor and the PPP system detect tsunamis, and the pressure sensor and the transponder array measure crustal deformation. The system is designed to be capable of detecting tsunami and vertical crustal deformation of ±8 m with a resolution of less than 5 mm. A noteworthy innovation in our system is its resistance to disturbance by strong ocean currents. Seismogenic zones near Japan lie in areas of strong currents like the Kuroshio, which reaches speeds of approximately 5.5 kt (2.8 m/s) around the Nankai Trough. Our techniques include slack mooring and new acoustic transmission methods using double pulses for sending tsunami data. The slack ratio can be specified for the environment of the deployment location. We can adjust slack ratios, rope lengths, anchor weights and buoy sizes to control the ability of the buoy system to maintain freeboard. The measured pressure data is converted to time difference of a double pulse and this simple method is effective to save battery to transmit data. The time difference of the double pulse has error due to move of the buoy and fluctuation of the seawater environment. We set a wire-end station 1,000 m beneath the buoy to minimize the error. The crustal deformation data is measured by acoustic ranging between the buoy and six transponders on the seafloor. All pressure and crustal deformation data are sent to land station in real-time using iridium communication.     

Fast BDS Positioning Convergence Based on the Contribution of GPS Observations

Comparing to single BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP), a method which can more quicklydetermine the ambiguity parameters of BDS through applying the contribution of GPS observations is proposed and analyzed in this article. The numerical examples and analysis show that the ionosphere-free ambiguities of BDS satellites can be determined and converged more quickly because of the contribution of GPS observations. The average improvement of the convergent speed of positioning is 18.5% and its positioning accuracy in N, E, and U components are improved by 29.4, 30.3, and 34.4%, respectively, with the contribution of the a priori coordinates obtained from GPS observations. This method is useful for single BDS system positioning when there is a priori information provided by GPS or other sensors which be replaced by and can be applied at the beginning of the computation.     

Ocean Tides Observed from A GPS Receiver on Floating Sea Ice Near Chinese Zhongshan Station,Antarctica

Due to limit of coverage in TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite and sparseness of in-situ tide gauges around Antarctica, the accuracy of global ocean tide models in Antarctic seas is relatively poorer than in low- and mid-latitude regions. To better understand ocean tides in Prydz Bay, east Antarctica, a GPS receiver was deployed on floating sea ice to measure tide-induced ice motion in multiple campaigns. Four online Precise Point Positioning (PPP) services are used to process the GPS data in the kinematic PPP mode, and UTide software is used to separate the major tidal constituents. Comparison between results from different processing methods (relative processing solutions from Track, kinematic PPP solutions from online services) and with bottom pressure gauge (BPG) shows that, high-accuracy tidal information can be obtained from GPS observations on floating sea ice, the root-sum-square (RSS) for the eight major constituents (O1, K1, P1, Q1, M2, S2, N2, K2) is below 4 cm. We have also studied the impacts of data span and filter edge effects at daily boundaries on the accuracy of tide estimates, and found that to obtain reliable tide estimates and neglect the filter edge effects, continuous observation longer than 30 days is necessary. Our study suggests that GPS provides an independent method to estimate tides in Prydz Bay, and can be an alternative to tidal gauges, which are costly and hard to maintain in Antarctica.     

Determination of Ocean Tide Loading Displacement by GPS PPP with Priori Information Constraint of NAO99b Global Ocean Tide Model

The published global ocean tide models show good agreement in deep oceans and exhibit differences in complex coastal areas, along with subsequent Ocean Tide Loading Displacement (OTLD) modeling differences. Meanwhile, OTLD parameters (amplitudes and phase lags) derived by Global Positioning System (GPS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) approach need long time to converge to a stable state and show poor precision of S2, K1, and K2 constituents. Based on the fact that no constraint is imposed in the current kinematic solution, a new method is put forward, in which global ocean tide model predictions are taken as the priori information constraints to speed up the convergence rate and improve the accuracy of the GPS-derived OTLD parameters. First, the data of tide gauge from 01 January 2014 to 31 December 2016 are used to generate the harmonic parameters to evaluate the accuracy of six global ocean tide models and a regional ocean tide model (osu.chinesea.2010). Osu.chinesea.2010 model shows good agreement with the tide gauge results, while NAO99b model presents relatively large difference. The predictions from osu.chinesea.2010 and NAO99b model are employed as reference and the prior information, respectively. Second, continuous observations of 12 GPS sites during 2006–2013 in Hong Kong are collected to generate three dimensional OTLD amplitudes and phase lags of eight constituents using PPP with prior information constraints approach and harmonic analysis. Third, comparing the convergence time of eight constituents from PPP without and with priori information constraints approaches, the results show that the new method can significantly improve the convergence rate of OTLD amplitude estimates which obtain a certain level of stability seven years earlier than that derived by the PPP without priori information constraints. Precision of OTLD parameters derived by the new method is about 1 mm. By comparing with the precision of single PPP approach, the accuracy of eight constituents has been improved, especially for S2, K1, and K2 constituents. Finally, through comparing the different correction effects of OTLD estimates on the coordinates and their time series of the ground GPS stations, the results show that OTLD estimates derived by the new approach have similar influence as the osu.chinasea.2010 ocean tide model. The new method provides an effective means to improve the convergence and precision of the GPS-derived OTLD parameters, and achieve a similar correction as the high precision ocean tide model.     

GPS卫星伪广播星历技术研究

通过GPS广播星历求出一个时间段内间隔一定时间的离散卫星三维坐标，以这些卫星坐标序列为已知数据反求星历参数的方法，论述和验证了当卫星坐标发生旋转变化时，解算得到的相应地面点坐标的旋转矩阵与卫星坐标发生旋转变化的矩阵具有相同的值。这对于实现GPS加密具有很大的意义。     

Performance of Real-Time Precise Point Positioning

The IGS Real-time Pilot Project (IGS-RTPP) provides real-time precise orbits and clocks, which support real-time positioning for single stations over large areas using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique. This paper investigates the impact of real-time orbits, network configuration, and analysis strategies on real-time PPP implementation and demonstrates the real-time PPP performance. One month of data from the IGS network is analyzed in a real-time simulation mode. Results reveal the following: (1) In clock estimation, differential approaches are much more efficient than the zero-differenced approach. (2) The precision of IGS Ultra rapid (IGU) orbits could meet the IGS-RTPP requirement for precise clock estimation and PPP positioning. (3) Considering efficiency and precision, a network with 50 stations is recommended for the IGS-RTPP. It is demonstrated that the real-time satellite clock precision is 0.1 ns supporting hourly static PPP with a mean precision of 2–3 cm in the North component and 3–4 cm in the other components. Kinematic PPP assessed with onboard GPS data collected from a buoy provided mean coordinate precision of 2.2, 4.2, 6.1 cm in the North, East and Up directions, compared to the RTK solutions.     

基于WebGIS技术的PANDA断面海洋主题数据库系统可视化查询的设计与实现

在PANDA断面海洋主题数据库开发项目的背景下,通过对系统总体结构的分析,确认了多种查询方式的组合方案.基于WebGIS技术,经过个性化的定制和开发,提出并实现了可视化查询的解决思路,简要说明了可视化查询模块的实际运行情况.结果表明基于webGIS能够高效地实现可视化网络数据共享系统的数据查询功能,丰富系统的显示和查询手段,进而促进海洋环境数据的共享和应用.     

Sedimentation and morphological changes at Yuantuojiao Point,estuary of the North Branch,Changjiang River

The North Branch, separated by the Chongming Island, was once the main channel in the estuary of the Changjiang River. Reclamation and a decrease in runoff to the North Branch had led to the narrowing and shallowing of the channel. The Yuantuojiao Point is located at the intersecting point connecting the North Branch of the Changjiang River and the Jiangsu coastline. Erosion cliffs are developed between the typical silty-muddy tidal flat and the salt marsh occupied by Spartina alterniflorea, and this has changed rapidly over the past few years. The sediment grain size analysis results of the surficial and two core samples indicate that the Yuantuojiao Point tidal flat experienced continuous accretional processes. Based upon 137 Cs analysis results of the YT and YY Cores sampled from the tidal flat at the Yuantuojiao Point, the average sedimentation rate of the YT Core was 2.30 cm/a from 1963 to 2007, and 2.38 cm/a from 1954 to 2007 for the YY Core. The sedimentation rates of both core locations have declined since the 1960s corresponding to the seaward reclamation at the Yuantuojiao Point. The average sedimentation rates at the Yuantuojiao Point were similar to that of the silty-muddy tidal flat at the northern Jiangsu coast, but lower than that of the south of the Changjiang River Estuary. According to field morphological investigations from 2006 to 2008 on the salt marsh at the Yuantuojiao Point, cliffs retreated markedly by storm surges and disappeared gradually because of the rapid sedimentation on the silty-muddy tidal flat. The maximum annual retreat reached 10 m. The recent sedimentation and morphological changes of the Yuantuojiao Point tidal flat not only displayed the retreat of the salt marsh and the disappearance of cliffs, but also was accompanied by rapid sedimentation of the silty-muddy tidal flat and the salt marsh, indicating the responses to the tidal currents, storm surges, Spartina alterniflorea trapping sediments and large-scale reclamation. The sediment grain size and their trends, southward coastal flow, and sandspits of the longshore bars suggest that the main sediment source at the Yuantuoijao Point, estuary of the North Branch was possibly from the Changjiang River before 1958, since then, it has been from the south of the submarine radial sand ridges of the southern Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea).