基于GIS的重点区域地质灾害风险评价

为治理河口拦门沙,实施了通过整治及疏浚的方式打通拦门沙的射阳港双导堤工程,导堤的功能定位为“导流、挡沙、减淤”。通过对江苏盐城射阳港海岸动力地貌等环境的调查,分析研究射阳港区不同时期的水下沉积物分布特征、不同历史时期的水下地形特征,同时研究不同时期的水质、底质沉积物、生态群落等指标数据,对射阳港双导堤建设的环境影响进行后评价。研究认为：双导堤工程完工后导堤口区域出现明显冲刷,导堤两侧出现淤积,颗粒变细,但对水质环境、底质沉积物环境和生态环境的影响不大,双导堤工程建设对环境影响的风险可控。     

射阳港近岸海域沉积物特征及冲淤趋势

海岸是陆地与海洋相互接触和影响的地带,通常指受波浪和潮汐等海洋动力作用的沿岸地带,同时也是人类社会经济发展的重要地带,大型人类工程往往会对其短期地貌变化和沉积物特征产生巨大影响。沉积物粒度分析是研究海洋沉积作用及过程的一个基础的、重要的方法,通过射阳港海岸动力地貌调查,研究了射阳港区不同时期的水下沉积物分布特征,将不同历史时期海图的等深线对海床冲淤变化进行对比分析,认为双导堤完工后导堤口区域出现了明显冲刷,导堤两侧出现淤积,沉积物颗粒变细,表明港口工程等局部影响因素会在短期内显著改变水动力地貌。     

整治工程影响下的河口拦门沙航道回淤特征及成因——以射阳港航道为例

通过不同时期实测地形资料,对比分析射阳港拦门沙航道一期整治工程建设后航道的回淤分布特征;利用实测水文泥沙资料和潮流数学模型计算分析射阳河口拦门沙航道开挖后的水流、含沙量特征;探讨了射阳港拦门沙航道淤积的泥沙来源和淤积成因。研究表明:航道开挖后沿程普遍淤积,尤其是口门及堤根区段航道淤积严重。导致航道淤积的主要原因为:有掩护航道内涨潮流速大、落潮流速小,口门外高含沙量水体进入航道后泥沙很难被带出航道,导致航道内普遍淤积;口门内2 km范围内回淤较大是由于越堤流输沙和口门内侧涨潮期间存在明显回流;导堤根部航道段回淤较大是由于射阳河与黄沙港河汇流后河道放宽,落潮期间出河口的水体挟沙力突然降低。     

黄土梁滑坡型泥石流2~#沟工程治理及效果评价

目前对谷坊、拦砂坝、排导槽等治理措施研究较多,但对滑坡型泥石流的治理研究较少。2008年9月24日,四川省北川县陈家坝乡黄土梁发生特大滑坡,诱发其下游的2~#沟发生特大泥石流,导致沟口103国道被掩埋,堵塞都坝河。为防止泥石流再次发生,对2~#沟泥石流进行了工程治理及治理效果评价。治理措施采用"2~#沟中游4座浅拦坝+2~#支沟中游3座浅拦坝+下游起点设置总长34.7 m束流堤,总长156.4 m排导槽,终点设置总长22.1 m导流堤,排导槽与103国道相交处,采用桥梁工程跨越排导槽",中游和下游统筹的治理方案,并分析了各分项治理工程的作用。与2008年9月24日暴雨相比,2013年8月7日和2016年7月21日2次强降雨活动未发生泥石流灾害,验证了黄土梁2~#沟泥石流防治工程效果较好,为类似滑坡型泥石流工程防治提供了参考。     

离岸沙坝-潟湖海岸拦门沙航道回淤

渤海湾曹妃甸老龙沟海区属于典型的离岸沙坝-泻湖海岸体系,口门处发育有拦门沙。采用实测资料分析和二维波流泥沙数学模型计算研究了拦门沙成因及其开挖后的回淤情况。研究表明,涨落潮流路不一致、落潮流扩散是老龙沟拦门沙形成的主要原因。针对该海区波浪、潮流、泥沙及海床演变特点,进行了2006年、2007年大小潮潮流泥沙的验证及2008年8~12月试挖槽回淤的验证,在此基础上,预测了拦门沙航道正常情况下的泥沙回淤和大风天骤淤。试挖槽监测资料分析及数学模型计算表明,风浪掀沙是影响老龙沟拦门沙回淤的重要因素。     

离岸沙坝-潟湖海岸拦门沙航道回淤——以渤海湾曹妃甸海域老龙沟拦门沙为例

渤海湾曹妃甸老龙沟海区属于典型的离岸沙坝-潟湖海岸体系,口门处发育有拦门沙。采用实测资料分析和二维波流泥沙数学模型计算研究了拦门沙成因及其开挖后的回淤情况。研究表明,涨落潮流路不一致、落潮流扩散是老龙沟拦门沙形成的主要原因。针对该海区波浪、潮流、泥沙及海床演变特点,进行了2006年、2007年大小潮潮流泥沙的验证及2008年8~12月试挖槽回淤的验证,在此基础上,预测了拦门沙航道正常情况下的泥沙回淤和大风天骤淤。试挖槽监测资料分析及数学模型计算表明,风浪掀沙是影响老龙沟拦门沙回淤的重要因素。     

黄河三角洲现代泥质沉积物非构造裂缝空间展布研究

通过对黄河三角洲现代泥质沉积物非构造裂缝进行实地考察观测、室内数据处理、实验分析等,分别针对水下收缩裂缝、干燥裂缝和混合成因裂缝,研究其空间展布特征和规律,详细探讨了3种裂缝的定量分级、分形特征、平面及剖面生长特征等,并且建立了不同类型现代泥质沉积物非构造裂缝的形成模式.本研究对于建立不同种类泥质沉积物非构造裂缝系统的...     

南流江河口水下三角洲表层沉积物端元分析及其沉积动力环境意义

沉积物粒度分布特征可揭示沉积动力环境。基于广西南流江河口水下三角洲的粒度分析数据,采用Folk分类法进行分类,应用端元分析对其粒度数据进行分解,探讨了南流江河口水下三角洲的物源和现代沉积动力环境。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可划分为9类,其中含砾沉积物5类,不含砾沉积物4类,沉积物类型与河口环境动力特征相吻合。端元分析结果显示,研究区有5个不同类型的端元,分别代表着5种类型的沉积物动力环境:端元1反映了风浪和潮流对表层沉积物的动力作用;端元2指示了外海涌浪对表层沉积物的作用过程;端元3代表了南流江冲淡水引起的表层沉积物的输运;端元4代表了大陆架残留沉积物;端元5为干扰端元,可能是由于工程建设等人类活动所引起的。利用端元分析探讨复杂环境(如小型山溪性河口)下的沉积动力环境时,一方面需要综合考虑研究区域的物源与环境动力特征;另一方面可以结合参数拟合、粒径趋势分析等研究手段。     

基于元素地球化学参数的海底沉积物物质来源识别的定量方法简介

底质特征是大陆架和专属经济区划界所必需的重要依据。沉积物的物质组成是底质特征的主要内涵之一。陆架区海底沉积物是由不同来源（陆源、生物源、火山源、热液源和自生源）物质按不同比例组成的混合物。各种不同来源的物质,特别是陆源物质在混合源沉积物中的绝对份额或...     

长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物pH、Eh分布及制约因素

使用精密酸度计和新型全自动氧化还原电位仪测定了长江口及其临近海域表层沉积物中的pH、Eh值,分析了它们的分布特征,并从水团性质、层化特征、底质类型、生物扰动等方面深入探讨了pH、Eh的影响因素和影响机理。研究表明:研究区内表层沉积物属于中性—弱碱性环境,pH值变化于7.1～7.8之间,空间分布上具有分带性和不均一性特征;为还原环境,Eh变化于-100～-300 mV之间,大部分在-250 mV左右,其空间分布也具有弱分带和不均一的特点。该区沉积物酸碱性主要受水团性质的制约,同时底质类型、生物扰动对沉积物酸碱性也有一定影响,而氧化还原电位则主要受水团性质、水层层化和生物扰动等的影响。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with