东天山红云滩铁矿床矿物学、矿物化学特征及矿床成因探讨

东天山红云滩铁矿赋存于下石炭统雅满苏组火山碎屑岩地层中.矿体主要呈层状、似层状、透镜状.矿石矿物以大量磁铁矿为主,含少量的磁赤铁矿、镜铁矿、黄铁矿和极少量的黄铜矿等.脉石矿物主要有石榴石、透辉石、阳起石、绿帘石、绿泥石、黑云母、钠长石、石英等.矿石构造以块状构造和浸染状构造为主,局部为条带状构造、脉状构造;矿石结构包括半自形-他形粒状结构、交代结构.围岩蚀变对称分带明显,从矿(化)体到两侧围岩,蚀变呈现从深色到浅色的变化现象.根据矿物共生组合、矿石组构的观察,本次工作识别出矽卡岩期和热液期两个成矿期,进一步细分为4个成矿阶段:矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段(主成矿期)、热液早期阶段及石英-硫化物阶段.电子探针分析表明石榴石端员组分以钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列为主,辉石端员组分以透辉石-钙铁辉石为主,角闪石端员组分主要为阳起石和透闪石,这些特点表明矿区矽卡岩为热液交代钙矽卡岩.磁铁矿的主、微量元素特征表明其形成与矽卡岩密切相关.结合成矿地质特征,认为矽卡岩是由富铁岩浆热液流体沿断裂构造运移、交代下石炭统雅满苏组富钙火山碎屑岩地层而形成的,磁铁矿的形成与矽卡岩的退化变质作用有关.     

Geochemistry and mineral chemistry of lode gold mineralisation, SE Egypt: implications for ore genesis and exploration

Orogenic, lode gold mineralisation in the South Eastern Desert of Egypt is related to quartz veins spatially and temporally associated with conjugate NW- and NE-trending brittle–ductile shear zones. These structures are assumed to be linked to a regional transpression deformation which occurred late in the tectonic evolution of the area. In the Betam deposit, gold is confined to quartz(±carbonate) veins cutting through tectonised metagabbro and metasedimentary rocks in the vicinity of small granite intrusions. The ore bodies contain ubiquitous pyrite and arsenopyrite, in addition to minor disseminated chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, tetrahedrite and rare gold/electrum. New ore microscopy and electron microprobe studies indicate that most free-milling Au is intimately associated with the late-paragenetic galena–tetrahedrite–chalcopyrite assemblage. An early Fe–As sulphide assemblage, however, shows minor traces of refractory gold. New mineralogical and geochemical data are used to better constrain on possible element dispersions for exploration uses. This study indicates that parameters that most consistently define primary dispersion of gold in the mine area include pervasive silicification, sericite and carbonate alteration. The trace element data of gold lodes reflect a systematic dispersion of gold and certain base metals. Low-cost, extensive exploration programs may use elevated concentrations of Ag, Sb, Cu and Pb as tracers for Au ore zones in the Betam mine area and surroundings.     

新疆西天山式可布台铁矿地质、矿物化学和S同位素特征及其对矿床成因的约束

新疆西天山式可布台铁矿发育于伊犁裂谷内,赋存于上石炭统中酸性火山碎屑岩、浅变质片岩、千枚岩中,矿体呈层状、似层状以及透镜状顺层产出。金属矿物以赤铁矿、镜铁矿为主,含少量黄铁矿、菱铁矿;脉石矿物主要为碧玉、重晶石、石英以及少量方解石。矿石构造以条带状、纹层状和块状为主,矿物结构多为隐晶质结构、半自形结构以及充填结构。矿床分为4个成矿阶段,即黄铁矿-赤铁矿-铁碧玉-重晶石阶段、菱铁矿-软锰矿阶段、石英-镜铁矿阶段、氧化物阶段。矿体顺层产出和发育纹层状矿石构造指示矿床为沉积成因。电子探针分析显示:(1)块状赤铁矿Al2O3、Na2O、MgO、SiO2含量相对分散,推测这可能与块状矿石快速沉淀结晶有关,暗示了剧烈的流体喷流活动,而纹层状和条带状赤铁矿Al2O3、Na2O、MgO、Si O2含量相对集中则反映平静的沉积环境以及微弱的喷流活动,两者的比较可能暗示了成矿过程中流体喷溢速率以及沉积环境都不断改变;(2)黄铁矿中含有较高的Co、Ni比,显示其形成与火山作用关系密切;(3)菱铁矿的FeOT与Mn O+MgO含量呈负相关关系,并形成两个聚集区,与镜下其具有不同特征相吻合,可能暗示了成矿后期菱铁矿随热液析出时候发生了分异作用。黄铁矿(δ34S=-6.1‰~6.5‰)和重晶石(δ34S=12.9‰)硫同位素组成显示曾发生过硫酸盐和硫化物之间的硫同位素分馏作用,成矿热液的硫可能来源于岩浆硫。综合分析认为,式可布台铁矿可能为海相火山喷流沉积型铁矿床。     

Gold Occurrence and Ore Genesis,Yata Micro—Disseminated Gold Deposit,Guizhou,Southwest China

The mode of occurrence of gold in the Yata micro-disseminated gold deposit is ap-proached through chemical phase studies coupled with ore-dressing monitoring and micro-beam analysis.The results showed that gold occurred for the most part as ultra-microscopic particles adsorbed on the surfaces or fracture planes of pyrite and other sulphides.The proportions of gold of different occurrences were estimated solutions containing nanometer-sized gold particles were prepared following the hydrolysis-reduction procedure and the adsorption of nanometer-sized gold on ordinary sulphides and rocks was experimentally determined.It is evident that sulphides are good adsorbents of gold and this is consistent with geological observations.     

广西西大明山渌井铅锌矿床成因——流体包裹体、硫化物矿物化学和硫同位素约束

渌井矿床是广西西大明山地区内一个典型的脉状铅锌矿床,矿体赋存于寒武纪地层中,主要受断裂构造控制。本文在详细野外调查的基础上,通过对其流体包裹体、硫化物矿物化学和硫同位素的系统测定和分析,探讨了成矿流体性质和矿质来源。流体包裹体研究表明,渌井矿床主成矿阶段流体包裹体类型以富液相的气液两相包裹体和纯液相包裹体为主,主成矿期包裹体均一温度为237~281℃(平均值为256℃),对应盐度为3.54%~12.69%(均值为8.39%)。硫化物电子探针分析结果显示,闪锌矿以富集Fe、Cd、In而贫Mn、Ga、Ge等元素为特征,多属于形成温度偏高的含铁闪锌矿类型。硫化物硫同位素研究显示,δ34S值总体变化范围为-1.9‰~4.4‰,呈塔式分布,均值为1.7‰,位于零值附近,暗示渌井矿床硫化物的硫主要来源于岩浆。综合矿床地质、流体包裹体、硫化物矿物化学及硫同位素特征可知,渌井矿床应归属于热液脉型铅锌矿床范畴,在成因上与本区深部的隐伏岩体具有密切的联系,成矿时代可能为燕山晚期。     

广西龙头山金矿床矿石显微结构构造和金矿物成分特征

广西龙头山金矿床是热液型金矿床,运用扫描电子显微镜对其矿石的微裂隙特征、结构构造及成分进行分析。其结果表明,矿石的微裂隙是相通的;矿液在运移过程中,在相对封闭、酸碱度较适宜的条件下沉淀,形成了较自形的电气石、黄铁矿和金矿物;矿液经过了多期上升过程,对早期形成的矿物不断地进行叠加和改造,使不同期次形成的金矿物成分略有不同;金矿物有次生加大现象。进而认为,该金矿床应有三期以上的成矿期。     

小秦岭文峪金矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因

文峪金矿位于小秦岭矿田南部,其产出受脆-韧性剪切带控制,赋矿围岩为太华群变质杂岩.根据脉体穿切关系和矿物交代关系,可以将文峪金矿流体成矿过程分为早、中、晚三个阶段,其热液石英中发育CO2-H2O型、纯CO2型和H2O溶液型三种类型流体包裹体.平阶段石英中原生包裹体主要是CO2-H2O型和纯CO2型,其成分为CO2+H2O±N2±CH4,均一温度集中在290～330℃,盐度为1.02％～9.59％ NaCleqv;中阶段为主成矿阶段,该阶段石英中包含了所有3种类型的包裹体,其中以CO2-H2O型包裹体为主,获得CO2-H2O和水溶液包裹体均一温度集中在250～290℃,盐度为0.02％～12.81％NaCleqv;晚阶段石英仅发育水溶液型包裹体,具有较低的均一温度(114～239℃)和盐度(4.18％～8.95％ NaCleqv).根据CO2-H2O型包裹体计算早、中阶段压力分别为130 ～ 178MPa和85 ～ 150MPa,对应的成矿深度分别为4.7～6.5km和3.1～5.5km.总体而言,文峪金矿的初始流体具有中高温、富CO2、低盐度的变质流体特征,晚成矿阶段流体演化为低温、低盐度水溶液流体,流体的不混溶导致了主成矿期矿质的大量沉淀,文峪金矿为中浅成的造山型矿床.     

滇西北衙金多金属矿床地质特征及成因探讨

文章基于北衙金多金属矿床野外地质调查基础上,结合同位素测年、矿物薄片鉴定等室内测试分析,着重对该矿床的地质特征、成矿年代、矿床成因进行了讨论。结果表明:①矿床主要赋存于三叠系中统北衙组碳酸盐岩与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩的内外接触带上。②矿床的形成可划分为2个成矿期次和5个成矿阶段:Ⅰ期为内生成矿期,Ⅱ期为表生氧化成矿期。③区内SN向、EW向断裂控制着矿体的分布,成矿控制显著。④通过辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年、锆石测年等方法精确测定了成岩成矿年龄,反映了成矿年龄和富碱斑岩形成的一致性。⑤区内蚀变可分为3带:"黄绿带"、"浅红带"、"灰白带",其中"黄绿带"为主要的金多金属矿化带。⑥北衙金多金属矿床属于与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩有关的矽卡岩-斑岩型金多金属矿床。     

The Shanggong gold deposit, Eastern Qinling Orogen, China: Isotope geochemistry and implications for ore genesis

The Shanggong Au deposit in the Xiong’er Terrane, East Qinling, China, has resources of about 30 ton Au, making it one of the largest orogenic-mesothermal Au deposits hosted in volcanic rocks of the Mesoproterozoic Xiong’er Group. Three stages of hydrothermal activity are recognized (early, middle and late), of which two (early and middle) were ore producing and characterized by quartz–pyrite and polymetallic sulfides, respectively. The third and late stage is represented by a carbonate–quartz assemblage. Hydrogen, oxygen and carbon isotope systematics of the Shanggong deposit from a previous work suggest that the early stage fluids were derived from magmatic and/or metamorphic devolatilization of sedimentary rocks at depth. This is supported by new C, S and published Sr and Pb isotopic data, presented in this paper. These new data, δ¹³C values ranging from 1.5 ‰ for early stage ankerite to −2.2 ‰ for late stage ankerite, negative δ³⁴S values for sulfides from the middle stage (–19.2 to –6.3 ‰), suggest a contribution from organic matter and that the ore fluid evolved from deeply sourced to shallowly sourced, with those of the middle stage representing a mixture of these two fluid systems. The comparison of the hydrogen–oxygen–carbon–sulfur–lead–strontium isotope systematics between the Shanggong deposit and the main lithologies in the Xiong’er Terrane, shows that neither these nor the underlying lower crust and mantle, or combinations thereof, could be considered as the source of ore fluids for the Shanggong Au deposit. A likely source was a carbonaceous carbonate, sandstone, shale, chert sequence in the underthrusted Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups, exposed south of the Xiong’er Terrane.Ar–Ar and Rb–Sr isochron ages for mineral phases of the early, middle and late stages, together with geological field data, constrain the timing of the hydrothermal activity and Au metallogenesis at 242 ± 10, 167 ± 7 and 112 ± 7 Ma, respectively. This metallogenesis and associated granitic magmatism, can be related to the continental collision between the Yangtze and North China Cratons that resulted in the formation of the Qinling Orogen, led to the different hydrothermal systems that were responsible for the three stages that formed the Shanggong Au deposit, over a period of about 130 Myrs.     

老挝爬奔金矿床角砾岩型金矿体成因探讨

老挝爬奔金矿矿体类型主要为角砾岩型金矿和蚀变岩型金矿,其中角砾岩型金品位较高,属于富矿段.前人认为该区赋矿角砾岩型金矿是断层角砾岩型金矿,随着采掘巷道对Ⅴ-1号矿体的不断揭露,笔者观察到角砾岩呈囊状产出、围岩未变形、角砾岩内部未见明显断层角砾岩显微构造、角砾具原地破碎的可拼性特征、胶结物为热液充填物、角砾内部发育网脉状的热液充填物等不同于断层角砾岩的特征,因此提出爬奔金矿角砾岩型金矿体角砾是由于热液爆破所致,同时对热液爆破角砾岩的动力学成因进行了分析.     

黑云母和锆石化学组分对岩浆结晶条件的约束:以滇西北衙超大型金矿床为例

中酸性岩浆含矿性差异一直是矿床学的研究热点。滇西北衙超大型金多金属矿床(探明金资源量超过370t)内发育成矿二长花岗斑岩体和非成矿黑云母二长花岗斑岩体、煌斑岩体,是研究岩体含矿性差异、富碱岩浆结晶时物理化学条件及其成矿效应的良好选区。本文在详细的岩相学观察基础上,对成矿的二长花岗斑岩、未成矿的黑云母二长花岗斑岩和煌斑岩中黑云母和锆石开展矿物化学分析,厘定了北衙富碱岩浆的结晶条件。北衙成矿二长花岗斑岩体的锆石结晶温度(843℃)稍高于黑云母二长花岗斑岩体的锆石结晶温度(807℃),鉴于金在熔体中溶解度随温度升高而增大,表明在岩浆演化初期二长花岗斑岩体具有更高的金溶解度。同时,利用锆石微量元素组分估算的二长花岗斑岩体的lg(f_(O_2))(-10. 67)高于黑云母二长花岗斑岩体(-15. 00),表明二长花岗斑岩体具有更高的氧逸度。在岩浆演化过程中高氧逸度会抑制金以硫化物形式沉淀,从而增强了二长花岗斑岩体的成矿潜力。除此之外,二长花岗斑岩具有最低的黑云母结晶温度(二长花岗斑岩、黑云母二长花岗斑岩、煌斑岩依次对应644℃、723℃、766℃)和最浅的侵位深度(1. 46～1. 74km、4. 03～5. 02km、2. 53～2. 72km)。高压条件下母岩浆中出溶的流体几乎没有能量形成裂隙,而且也很难发生对金属富集有重要影响的流体不混溶作用。二长花岗斑岩体侵位深度与矽卡岩中石榴石发育的含石盐子晶的三相包裹体的捕获深度(～2km)近似,进一步暗示二长花岗斑岩体侵位后发生流体沸腾作用。因此,岩浆氧逸度和侵位深度的差异可能是黑云母二长花岗斑岩体和煌斑岩体未成矿的原因。     

广东河台金矿田控矿构造研究

在查明河台金矿田地质特征的基础上,着重研究了控矿构造形式、构造演化特征,总结了构造控矿规律,并建立了河台金矿构造控矿模式。     

胶东石城金矿床成矿流体特征及成矿作用

石城金矿位于胶东牟平-乳山成矿带南端,为多金属硫化物型金矿床。其成矿流体阶段可分为3个,相应的流体包裹体特征为:(1)成矿早期(第1阶段)富CO2包裹体;(2)主成矿期(第2阶段)H2O包裹体和含CO2包裹体;(3)成矿后期(第3阶段)H2O包裹体。第1阶段均一温度为256～360℃,盐度3.71%～6.88%NaCl,第2阶段均一温度为168～270℃,盐度4.49%～10.24%NaCl,第3阶段均一温度为123～178℃,盐度0.35%～7.59%NaCl。其中主成矿期为中低温、低盐度的CO2-H2O-NaCl流体体系。H、O同位素表明石城金矿成矿流体为岩浆水与大气水形成的混合热液,C、O同位素则反映了地幔富CO2流体参与了成矿作用,而S同位素进一步揭示了金矿的成矿物质来源为壳幔相互作用的结果。石城金矿的出现表明研究区至少存在两期成矿事件,早期成矿时代约120Ma,主要为石英+黄铁矿型矿石,晚期成矿时代小于111Ma,主要为多金属硫化物型矿石,以石城金矿为代表。     

陕西省马鞍桥金矿床地质特征、同位素地球化学与矿床成因

马鞍桥金矿床产于西秦岭造山带商丹断裂带南缘的E-W向脆-韧性剪切带中,矿体定位受剪切带控制并集中于变形强烈的部位,赋矿围岩为泥盆系浅变质沉积建造。出露于矿区的香沟花岗斑岩脉发生蚀变和金矿化,但未达工业品位。矿化岩石和矿石的铅同位素比值与地层接近,而与香沟花岗岩相异,暗示矿石铅不可能来自花岗岩。碳-氧同位素组成特征显示,成矿流体来源于碳酸盐地层或相似岩石建造的变质或改造脱水作用;从成矿早阶段经主阶段到晚阶段,成矿流体的δ¹⁸O及δD值逐渐降低,指示成矿流体从早阶段的变质热液或地层改造热液向晚阶段的大气降水热液演化。马鞍桥金矿分布于大陆内部造山带中,成矿作用与始于印支晚期的陆内造山作用有关,后者以陆内俯冲、推覆叠置和陆壳变质变形等为特点。马鞍桥金矿床地质特征和同位素地球化学组成与阳山超大型金矿床相似,应为类卡林型金矿床或属介于造山型和卡林型之间的过渡类型金矿床。     

湘西南金矿床地球化学特征及其成因

对湘西南金矿床的研究表明,五强溪组为金的主要矿源层,其形成的大地构造 活动大陆边缘;金矿床中Ｐｂ、Ｓ、Ｓｒ的同位素特征反映它们均来自赋矿围岩;成矿流体的和Ｈ、Ｏ同位素特征指示其主要来自大气降水;成矿流体显法出低温,低盐度、呈中性－弱碱性的特征;成矿时代为加里东期,而 传统认识中的武陵,雪峰期;矿床成因为大气降水热液改造成因。     

小秦岭大湖金矿成矿流体特征及矿床成因

本文运用流体包裹体岩相学、流体包裹体温度测试、流体包裹体成分分析等方法,讨论了大湖金矿床成矿流体的特征和成矿机理。     

西秦岭李坝金矿床地质、同位素地球化学及其成因探讨

李坝金矿床位于西秦岭造山带中的礼-岷矿集区内,赋矿围岩为泥盆系浅变质细碎屑岩,矿床产于中川岩体的外侧热接触变质带内,矿体主要受断裂破碎带控制.本文在李坝金矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对赋矿围岩、花岗斑岩岩脉、矿石硫化物进行了LA-MC-ICPMS原位微区硫同位素测试及化学溶样法分析,对不同地质体的铅同位素进行了系统测定与...     

桂西南早-中三叠世东平-足荣大型锰矿床地球化学、年代学及成因研究

广西东平-足荣大型锰矿床位于桂西南锰矿带上,是广西重要的锰矿富集区。其含矿地层为三叠系北泗组,是一套以硅-泥-灰为主浅海台盆相含锰碳酸盐岩沉积,含锰矿物主要为钙菱锰矿、锰方解石和锰白云石。本文对矿区锰矿层顶部的沉凝灰岩及含锰岩系开展了详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,进而对锰矿成矿时代、成因、沉积环境、沉凝灰岩源区和大地构造背景进行了探讨。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果显示,3件沉凝灰岩样品的锆石呈自形-半自形板柱状,发育良好的岩浆锆石振荡环带结构。206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为250.8±2.1Ma（MSWD=0.98）、250.6±2.2Ma（MSWD=0.49）和243.6±2.3Ma（MSWD=0.44）。进一步限定了"东平"式锰矿的成矿时代为早-中三叠世（不晚于241~246Ma的范围内）。沉凝灰岩的构造环境判别图解及微量、稀土元素特征显示其岩浆可能形成于与俯冲消减作用相关的碰撞-弧相关或活动大陆边缘相关背景,推测东平-足荣锰矿的形成可能受到广西凭祥-东兴火山作用的影响。含锰岩系的U、V和Mo元素含量及U/Th、V/Cr、V/（V+Ni）、Ni/Co比值显示东平-足荣锰矿形成于氧化-次氧化的沉积环境。logU-logTh、Fe/Ti-Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）图解及微量元素Ba含量、Ba/Sr值均指示成矿作用受到热水作用的影响。综合矿床地质研究,东平-足荣锰矿形成于弧后盆地拉张构造背景中,锰成矿受同期火山及海底热液作用影响,水体沉积环境为氧化-次氧化条件。     

Chemical composition of tourmaline from the Yunlong tin deposit, Yunnan, China: implications for ore genesis and mineral exploration

Summary ?The Yunlong tin deposit is located in the northern part of the Lancangjiang metamorphic zone of the Sanjiang Tethys orogen series in western Yunan province of China. It consists of vein-type cassiterite ores, which are mainly hosted in migmatites of Caledonian age. Abundant tourmaline is associated with the ores, quartz–tourmaline veins and barren migmatized gneiss and migmatites. A detailed electron microprobe study has been carried out to document the chemical compositions of tourmaline from this deposit. The results exhibit a systematic compositional change that might be used as tracer for ore genesis and in prospecting for tin mineralization. Tourmalines from the ore bodies are dravite with Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios of 0.09 ∼ 0.31 and Ca/(Ca + Na) ratios of 0.03 ∼ 0.40. These tourmalines are also rich in chromium (up to 0.74 wt% Cr₂O₃) and tin (up to 0.42 wt% Sn). In contrast, tourmalines from the barren migmatites are mostly schorl with Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios of 0.38 ∼ 0.94 and Ca/(Ca + Na) ratios of 0.00 ∼ 0.14. Tourmalines from quartz–tourmaline veins that occur between ore bodies and the migmatites show intermediate compositions, i.e., Fe/(Fe + Mg) = 0.09 ∼ 0.59, Ca/(Ca + Na) = 0.01 ∼ 0.22. It is suggested that the Mg-rich nature of the tourmaline can be used as an exploration tool in this region to target tin mineralization, because the tourmalines show increasing Mg contents and are more dravitic when approaching the ore bodies. It is likely that the formation of the Yunlong tin deposit was related to migmatitic-hydrothermal processes. The high Mg and Cr contents in tourmalines from the ore bodies were probably derived from the local meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanic rocks of the Precambian Chongshan Group rather than from the granites in the region. Received December 28, 2000; revised version accepted January 25, 2002     

黔西南水银洞金矿床与泥堡金矿床控矿因素对比分析

本文在概括黔西南水银洞金矿床与泥堡金矿床产出特征的基础上,对这两金矿床的主要控矿因素、大地构造背景、控矿构造、热液蚀变等作了初步的对比分析,分析表明：这两金矿床具有类似的成矿地质背景条件,这对于进一步推动黔西南及其邻区类似微细浸染型金矿床的找矿实践具有重要的现实指导意义。