鄂尔多斯盆地长8砂岩储层碳酸盐胶结物特征及其对物性的影响

为厘清鄂尔多斯盆地长8砂岩储层中碳酸盐胶结物的基本特征及其对储层物性的影响,综合运用铁氰化钾和茜素红混合液染色薄片、阴极发光和碳氧同位素等分析技术,对碳酸盐胶结物的矿物学和地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明,长8砂岩储层主要发育3期碳酸盐胶结物,第一期(准同生期-成岩早期)碳酸盐胶结物以方解石为主,δ~(13)CPDB在-3.7‰~-2.4‰之间,δ~(18)OPDB为-10‰左右,其成因与碱性湖水中碳酸钙的过饱和相关;第二期(早成岩B期-中成岩A期)碳酸盐胶结物以铁方解石为主,δ~(13)CPDB为-14.8‰~-4.1‰,δ~(18)OPDB为-21.0‰~-13.2‰,其主要受有机质热催化作用形成的有机酸轻碳源的影响;第三期(中成岩B期)碳酸盐胶结物主要为铁白云石和铁方解石,δ~(13)CPDB为-9.5‰~-5.5‰,δ~(18)OPDB为-25.7‰~-22.3‰,其可能受有机碳源和早期碳酸盐胶结物发生溶蚀形成的无机碳源的共同影响。理论计算表明,碳酸盐胶结物导致长8砂岩储层孔隙度降低了约5.06%,其孔隙度损失率为12.05%~12.95%。该研究对有利砂岩储层的预测具有重要的借鉴意义。     

梨树断陷营城组砂岩方解石胶结物碳、氧同位素特征

梨树断陷深层砂岩中广泛分布着方解石胶结物,方解石胶结作用对梨树断陷深部储层的致密化有着重要影响。以苏家屯-皮家地区砂岩储层中方解石胶结物为研究对象,结合岩相学特征,包裹体测试和碳、氧同位素分析,查明了方解石胶结物碳、氧同位素及其成因。研究表明,储层砂岩类型为岩屑质长石砂岩、长石质岩屑砂岩、长石砂岩。方解石胶结物碳同位素δ13 CPDB为-16‰~-0.4‰,平均值为-6.67‰。氧同位素δ18 OPDB为-23.2‰~-13.2‰,平均值为-20.1‰。通过对碳、氧同位素数据计算分析,得到碳酸盐的相对古盐度值(Z)介于83.48~117.61之间,表明其形成时的古流体具有淡水的特征。方解石的形成温度为94.06~179.43℃。方解石胶结物碳氧同位素特征分析结果表明,其形成与有机酸脱羧作用有关,可能来源于有机碳。     

塔深1井寒武系白云岩储层同位素流体地球化学示踪

通过对塔里木盆地沙雅隆起阿克库勒凸起东部塔深1井寒武系白云岩岩石学特征及成岩成因分析,影响塔深1井寒武系地层流体改变主要成岩有准同生期、埋藏期和后期热液改造期等.塔深1井寒武系白云岩及充填孔、洞、缝内方解石的氧、碳、锶同位素地球化学特征表明:准生期白云岩δ~(13)C_(PDB)值(0.9‰～1.8‰)偏正、δ~(18)C_(PDB)值(-10.1‰～-4.2‰)偏负反映准同生期泥微晶白云石成因属于高盐度的海水使得碳酸盐泥发生白云石化;埋藏期白云岩碳、氧随重结晶作用加强,白云岩晶粒由细向粗变化值随埋深增加,由于同位素分馏作用而偏负,δ~(18)C_(PDB)值(-10.02‰～-5.7‰)呈明显的下降,但δ~(13)C_(PDB)值(-1.4‰～0‰)组成变化不大;后期热液白云岩在热液作用下δ~(18)C_(PDB)值普遍低于-10‰(δ~(18)C_(PDB)/‰-13.1～-9.4,δ~(13)C_(PDB)/‰-2～-0.647);基质方解石δ~(18)C_(PDB)值为-10.1‰～-10.13‰,δ~(13)C_(PDB)值为-1.48‰～-1.62‰;充填孔洞缝粗-巨晶方解石δ~(18)C_(PDB)值为-10.89‰～-14.28‰,δ~(13)C_(PDB)值为-2‰～-3.09‰,反映准同生期→埋藏期→后期热液晶粒大小由泥微晶→细晶→中晶→粗晶氧碳同位素值逐渐变小偏负,据~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(0.707 284～0.746 888)值均远高于现今海洋中海水的锶同位素组成(0.708)及围岩的锶同位素(0.707 284),说明鞍形白云石以及方解石结晶时的孔隙流体不是残余在岩石孔隙中的同生期海水,而是外来的富含锶的流体,也就是深部热液流体.渗透回流白云石化、埋藏白云石化和高温热液白云石化等特征表明白云岩形成于超盐度、埋藏和高温热液等3种不同的环境,因此影响储层形成与分布,从而影响对白云岩的勘探.     

松辽盆地大庆长垣南缘四方台组砂岩型铀矿碳氧同位素特征及铀成矿意义

为进一步探讨松辽盆地大庆长垣南缘四方台组砂岩型铀矿的成岩环境、铀沉淀机制及成矿机理,通过钻井岩心观察,岩石薄片,含铀砂岩碳酸盐胶结物碳、氧同位素分析,对研究区砂岩岩石类型、碳酸盐胶结物类型、成岩阶段以及碳、氧同位素特征进行了系统研究。结果表明:含铀砂岩岩石类型为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,碳酸盐胶结物可分为3个期次,以第一和第二期次为主,胶结物包括方解石、铁方解石,见极少量含铁白云石。δ~(13)C_(PDB)值为-22.45‰～-13.65‰,平均值为-18.33‰,δ~(18)O_(PDB)值为-17.56‰～-9.46‰,平均值为-13.52‰,揭示有一定有机质参与;古盐度Z值介于75.98～90.97之间,为淡水沉积;古温度介于67.31～94.92℃之间,结合以上岩石特征、胶结物类型及成岩作用判定成岩环境处于早成岩—中成岩阶段A期。综合分析认为:早成岩阶段砂岩的压实、胶结作用使含铀砂岩孔隙度减小,抑制含氧富铀流体运移;随着成岩作用进行,埋藏深度增加,有机质成熟度升高发生热脱羧基作用,与压实作用产生的吸附水形成酸性溶液对长石、碳酸盐胶结物等进行溶蚀形成次生孔隙,增大砂岩孔隙度,促进含氧富铀流体下渗运移,下伏油气由断裂向上逸散,为地层提供还原剂,使铀在四方台组底部大规模沉淀和富集。     

伊朗Kashan区块库姆组含烃流体来源的地球化学示踪

通过对Kashan区块上库姆组碳酸盐围岩与裂缝或晶洞充填方解石的^87Sr／^86Sr,δ^18O和δ^13C对比研究,确定含烃流体的可能来源。裂缝或晶洞充填方解石的^87Sr／^86Sr,δ^18O／‰（PDB）和δ^18O／‰（PDB）分别为：0．7074～0．7087,-12．7～-6．214和0．630～1．883。方解石的。^87Sr／^86Sr,δ^18O特征和流体包裹体较高的均一温度（120℃～217℃）,说明舍烃流体为来自休罗系Shemshak组的贫锶贫氧流体（^87Sr／^86Sr=0．7074,δ^18OPDB=-12．17‰）、富锶富氧流体（^87Sr／^86Sr=0．7087,δ^18OPDB=-6．214‰）及这两种流体混合形成的混合流体。     

富有机质页岩方解石脉成因、成岩模式与地质意义——以四川盆地南部龙马溪组为例

富有机质页岩中方解石脉体普遍发育,其形成过程和机制对成烃储层和成藏具有重要指示意义。本文以四川盆地南部龙马溪组为例,采用显微岩相学、阴极发光、原位微区电子探针、同位素地球化学及流体包裹体相结合的方法,分析其中的方解石脉成因,并结合地质背景探讨了成岩流体动态演化模式及其勘探意义。结果表明,研究区龙马溪组页岩发育三期方解石脉,第一期(Cal-1)近围岩或独立生长,形成于同生—准同生成岩阶段,是微生物还原作用的产物,具有富Fe、Mg、Al元素、贫Mn元素的特征,其δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=0.06‰～4.53‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-13.21‰～-10.79‰,n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)=0.719366～0.719689;第二期(Cal-2)形成于早成岩阶段,是有机质脱羧作用的产物,以相对富Fe、Mg、Mn、Al元素为特征,其δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-6.93‰～-0.08‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-13.28‰～-10.05‰,n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)=0.719378～0.720688;第三期(Cal-3)远离围岩,形成于晚成岩阶段,是甲烷热氧化作用的产物,具有富Fe、Mg、Mn元素,不含Al元素的特征,其δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-19.00‰～-12.64‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-9.08‰～-6.65‰,n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)=0.719855～0.721342。通过对方解石脉成因及流体来源刻画,结合龙马溪组页岩热演化史,三期方解石脉的成岩演化对页岩的储集空间具有改善作用,有利于页岩气的勘探开发。     

华庆长8油层砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物特征及形成机理

碳酸盐胶结物是鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区砂岩储层中最重要的自生矿物,其发育严重影响储层质量。通过测试分析,该砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物主要为不含铁的微晶方解石和含铁的亮晶方解石;前者形成于早期,后者形成于晚期。无铁方解石主要是从沉积物饱和的碱性孔隙水中直接析出沉淀;含铁亮晶方解石演化发育较复杂。通过该方解石碳氧同位素分析,δ~(18)OPDB值为-22.5‰~-19.4‰,大部分为-8.4‰~-4.6‰。通过碳氧同位素计算古盐度和古温度,确定方解石胶结物形成环境为淡水,含铁的亮晶方解石形成温度在97℃~121℃之间,与碳酸盐包裹体测出的均一温度大致相符。碳同位素偏负的原因则可能是因为有机轻碳的加入,而有机物在高温高压下脱羧产生的有机酸与粘土矿物反应产的钙离子则为碳酸盐胶结物提供了成岩作用的Ca~(2+)来源。     

川西坳陷中段须家河组四段砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物碳、氧同位素特征及成因探讨

碳酸盐胶结物是川西坳陷须家河组四段砂岩中最常见的成岩矿物。应用激光微区取样碳、氧同位素测试方法，对研究区须四段砂岩中不同类型的碳酸盐胶结物的碳、氧同位素特征进行了精细分析，结合岩相学特征和流体包裹体分析，查明了不同类型碳酸盐胶结物的形成时间和成因机制。研究表明，研究区须四段砂岩中发育Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三期碳酸盐胶结物。第Ⅰ期方解石的δ13CPDB值为-0. 13‰~1. 53‰，δ18OPDB值为-9. 92‰~-6. 41‰；第Ⅱ期方解石的δ13CPDB值为-2. 44‰~1. 85‰，δ18OPDB值为-13. 97‰~-10. 06‰；第Ⅲ期方解石的δ13CPDB值为-5. 34‰~0. 75‰，δ18OPDB值为-16. 55‰~-14. 44‰，第Ⅲ期白云石的δ13CPDB值为-0. 97‰~-0. 81‰，δ18OPDB值为-13. 32‰~-12. 91‰。从早期到晚期，碳酸盐胶结物的碳、氧同位素均表现为逐渐变轻，说明其沉淀温度逐渐升高，受有机流体影响逐渐加深。第Ⅰ期碳酸盐胶结物形成于晚三叠世末，储层处于浅埋藏阶段，是从早期过饱和碱性孔隙流体中直接沉淀出来的，其“碳”源主要来自沉积水中溶解的CO32-。第Ⅱ期碳酸盐胶结物形成于早侏罗世，沉淀温度约45~70℃，其形成有少量有机流体的参与，有机轻“碳”、原始孔隙水中溶解的“碳”以及少量溶蚀作用释放出的重“碳”共同为该期碳酸盐胶结物提供“碳”源。第Ⅲ期碳酸盐胶结物形成于晚侏罗世，沉淀温度约100~140℃，其成因与有机酸性流体关系密切，有机成因的轻“碳”和部分由溶蚀作用释放的重“碳”是该期方解石的主要“碳”源；而该期白云石的沉淀受砂岩中碳酸盐岩岩屑溶蚀的控制更明显，由溶蚀作用产生的重“碳”是其主要“碳”源。     

华庆长8油层砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物特征及形成机理

碳酸盐胶结物是鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区砂岩储层中最重要的自生矿物,其发育严重影响储层质量。通过测试分析,该砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物主要为不含铁的微晶方解石和含铁的亮晶方解石;前者形成于早期,后者形成于晚期。无铁方解石主要是从沉积物饱和的碱性孔隙水中直接析出沉淀;含铁亮晶方解石演化发育较复杂。通过该方解石碳氧同位素分析,δ~(18)OPDB值为-22.5‰~-19.4‰,大部分为-8.4‰~-4.6‰。通过碳氧同位素计算古盐度和古温度,确定方解石胶结物形成环境为淡水,含铁的亮晶方解石形成温度在97℃~121℃之间,与碳酸盐包裹体测出的均一温度大致相符。碳同位素偏负的原因则可能是因为有机轻碳的加入,而有机物在高温高压下脱羧产生的有机酸与粘土矿物反应产的钙离子则为碳酸盐胶结物提供了成岩作用的Ca~(2+)来源。     

伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿砂岩成岩蚀变特征及其有机—无机流体成岩成矿效应

伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床为典型的层间氧化带型铀矿床,虽然前人对该区铀矿的成矿流体进行了较为系统的研究,但对其成矿流体来源依然存在较大的分歧,尤其对该区成矿流体与蚀变特征、铀成矿的内在联系研究较少。本文为了研究蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体来源及其与成岩蚀变、铀成矿的内在联系,综合地应用了偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段,对其含矿目的层砂岩成岩蚀变进行系统的分析,并对蚀变矿物高岭石H—O同位素、碳酸盐胶结物C—O同位素及黄铁矿S同位素进行了研究。研究表明:与砂岩型铀矿有关的成岩蚀变类型主要有黏土化、碳酸盐化、硅化及金属矿化;成矿流体中水δD_(H_2O,V-SMOW)为-48.3‰~-93‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O,V-SMOW)为-10.3‰~-5.1‰,碳酸盐胶结物δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)为-10.9‰~-7.2‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为17.6‰~24.9‰,黄铁矿δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)为-17.3‰~1.2‰,上述特征揭示蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体是由大气降水性质的地表水(无机)和煤系地层有机质脱羟基及热降解作用产生的有机酸及CH_4等还原性气体(煤层气)(有机)两部分组成;成岩蚀变和铀成矿效应皆是有机—无机流体及流体与周围砂岩相互作用的结果。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)